Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
Not a member yet
523 research outputs found
Sort by
IRIS-Stage 4 CKD in a Dog: Diagnostic Approaches and Staging of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Study
Get PDFChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating disease of the kidneys that often arise from unresolved acute injury. As a chronic disease, CKD is challenging to diagnose, thus it needs a good combination of a comprehensive understanding of the kidney’s anatomy and physiology and thorough planning for a framework of diagnostic tools to be utilized. This study is intended to provide the diagnostic planning used to determine CKD in an approximately 5-year-old intact male dog that was brought to My Vets Animal Clinic for a check-up visit. On presentation, the dog was emaciated, mildly dehydrated, halitotic, and infested with ticks. A complete blood count (CBC) indicated a normocytic, normochromic, non-regenerative anemia, and lymphopenia. The blood chemistry panel indicated azotemia, elevated symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. Elevated SDMA level (64 μg/dL, reference value: 0-14 μg/dL) and hypercreatinemia (5.9 mg/dL, reference value: 0.5-1.8 mg/dL) indicated impaired glomerular filtration. Physical and clinical pathological findings signified the presence of CKD in this dog, with a stage-4 severity based on International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) CKD staging criteria. The prognosis of this case was highly guarded, and the dog eventually passed away on the sixth day of hospitalization. In a case with an uncertain outcome, accuracy in both diagnosis and staging of CKD in dogs will aid the therapy regimen planning, which may improve the patient’s conditions
Influence of Population Growth on Supply, Demand, and Quality Issues of Water Resources in the Yarmouk River Basin in Jordan
Get PDFThis study was carried out to investigate the influence of population growth on supply, demand, and quality issues of water resources in the Yarmouk River Basin in Jordan for twenty years. The population growth data for the years 1997 and 2017 was derived from four Jordan governorates, i.e., Mafraq, Irbid, Jerash, and Ajloun, as well as for the population of the Yarmouk Basin was calculated, where a part of the population of these governorates resides within Basin. The water supply and the number of wells were also determined during this study. Various physicochemical parameters of water, like pH, EC, TDS, DO, NO2, and NO3, were also evaluated. Water supply, demand, and quality issues were also identified in collaboration with relevant stakeholders. The study showed an increase in the Kingdom's population in four governorates from about 1.27 to 2.88 million inhabitants, while the population of four governorates in the Yarmouk Basin increased from about 639,992 to 1.53 million inhabitants, and it is more than doubling. Comparing the population with the water supply, the numbers of wells and their uses showed significant changes, as evidenced by the substantial increase in the water supply. The studied physiochemical parameters were within the permissible limits of the National Standards. The critical water issues reported in the study area are difficulties in law enforcement and rapid population growth, which interactively affect the water supply. The study's findings will assist decision-makers in managing future water supplies as they face challenges in securing additional water, and there is an urgent need for research and future scenarios to meet water needs
Role of IGF-1 in goat semen freezing: A Review
Get PDFThis review is based on the importance of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) in goat semen cryopreservation. Recent studies indicate that certain growth factors determine the seminal quality due to the interaction between seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Cryopreservation is the technique used to preserve semen at extremely low temperatures for extended periods, which is essential for artificial insemination (AI) and selective breeding programs. IGF-I promotes the proliferation and maturation of spermatozoa. IGF-I is involved in sperm motility, DNA fragmentation, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. There was a significant positive correlation between the weight of animals and IGF-1 genotype diversity. This review aims to investigate the effect of IGF-1 fortification in semen cryopreservation. Further, the review article also assesses the role of IGF-1 in improving the post-thaw quality and viability of goat semen, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the success rates of AI. The research gap this review aims to fill is the limited understanding of the role of IGF-1 fortification on goat semen cryopreservation
Agro-morphological characterization of selected varieties of vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in Burkina Faso
Get PDFVegetable Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the neglected legumes in Burkina Faso, and as a result, its genetic diversity remains poorly known. The main aim of this study was to know its genetic variability through an agro-morphological characterization. Twenty vegetable cowpea varieties were evaluated at the Kamboinsé Environmental, Agricultural and Training Research Center following a three-replication Fischer block design under rainfed conditions. Fifteen quantitative and nine qualitative variables were collected and subjected to various statistical analyses. Analysis of variance was significant for the variables 50% flowering, vegetable cowpea date, number of pods obtained per plant, number of seeds per pod, fresh pod weight, fresh pod yield, pod length, plant height, seed length and chlorophyll content. Strong correlations were also reported between the various variables. The observed diversity is structured in three morphological groups viz., Group 1 consists of individuals with early flowering, high chlorophyll content and the number of pods obtained per plant. Group 2 brings together the varieties of average agronomic performance for pod length, the number of pods per plant, number of days at 95% maturity, fresh pod weight, yield of fresh pods and group 3 of varieties with long pods, early green date, high pod weight and good fresh pod yield. Among the tested varieties, the varieties IT83S-872 (30 pods), IT84S-2246 (27 pods), Baguette (25 pods), IT83S-818 (26 pods), and IT85F-2682 (24 pods) stood out for their high pod production. In addition, the varieties of vegetable cowpea baguette, baguette grimpant, Telma, and IT83S-911 showed the best performance in terms of early vegetable cowpea date stage, longest pods, highest pod weight and best yield of fresh pods. The high genetic variability level within the tested varieties could be exploited in future green cowpea breeding programmes
Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli Oral Infusions on Cognitive Memory Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Get PDFSynaptic plasticity is a result of changes in the neuronal circuits which may result in the formation of protein-dependent (long-term memory (LTM) formation) and protein-independent (short-term memory (STM) formation) memories. This STM formation is based on existing proteins, but LTM formation depends on RNA and protein synthesis within the neuronal cells. This RNA and protein synthesis may depend on stimulus exposure like odour, taste, and other environmental stimuli. The present study is aimed to show the impact of oral bacterial infusions on cognitive memory formation through pre and post-infusive behavioural analysis. The results of the study revealed that oral infusions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli result in impaired cognitive learning and memory formation. This impaired cognitive memory formation is shown with the help of two-step (pre and post-infusive) behavioural analysis. Pre-infusive behavioural study shows no decline in cognitive learning and memory formation before oral microbial infusions in a serene habituated environment. After oral microbial infusions, a post-infusive behavioural analysis may reveal a memory decline in the treated group. Comparative two-step behavioural analysis indicates that P. aeruginosa infusions strongly impact cognitive memory decline compared to the other three groups. This cognitive memory decline may happen due to the production of primary/secondary metabolites within the animal gut and their transportation to the CNS through the blood-brain barrier. The outcome of the present study states that poor oral hygiene plays a significant role in cognitive memory decline concerning mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Potential benefits of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) herb, its chemical make-up and significance in safeguarding poultry health: Current scientific knowledge
Get PDFPositive results have been seen when bioactive components from herbal plants are added to poultry diets. Efficacy in feeding, digestion of nutrients, antioxidant health, immunological indices, and other factors can all be improved with the help of these additives, which in turn increases growth rates and improves poultry welfare. Several researchers have used sophisticated herbal formulae that included Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) as an ingredient. Epidemic illnesses, mainly in the respiratory, digestive, and immunological systems, pose the greatest threat to the poultry business. Flavonoids and glycyrrhizin are two of the bioactive compounds in Liquorice. The roots of this plant contain glycyrrhizin at concentrations of 1-9%, which has numerous pharmacological benefits, including anti-infectious, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. Liquorice extracts are helpful in the treatment of multiple common illnesses. These include problems with the liver, the lungs, and the immunological system. Adding Liquorice to chicken diets improves their productivity in several ways, including fostering organ growth and stimulating digestion and appetite. Liquorice has many beneficial effects on birds, including helping them grow larger bodies, cleansing their systems, and protecting them from free radicals, bacteria, and inflammation. In this article, we'll look at the chemical make-up of liquorice herb, its role in protecting poultry health, and its recent applications and benefits
Beneficial impacts of biochar as a potential feed additive in animal husbandry
Get PDFIn the last decade, biochar production and use have grown in popularity. Biochar is comparable to charcoal and activated charcoal because it is a pyrogenic carbonaceous matter made by pyrolyzing organic carbon-rich materials. There is a lack of research into the effects of adding biochar to animal feed. Based on the reviewed literature, including its impact on the adsorption of toxins, blood biochemistry, feed conversion rate, digestion, meat quality, and greenhouse gas emissions, adding biochar to the diet of farm animals is a good idea. This study compiles the most important research on biochar's potential as a supplement to the diets of ruminants (including cows and goats), swine, poultry, and aquatic organisms like fish. Biochar supplementation improves animal growth, haematological profiles, meat, milk and egg yield, resistance to illnesses (especially gut pathogenic bacteria), and reduced ruminant methane emission. Biochar's strong sorption capacity also helps efficiently remove contaminants and poisons from the animals' bodies and the farm surroundings where they are raised. Animal farmers are predicted to make greater use of biochar in the future. Biochar could potentially be of value in the healthcare and human health fields; hence research into this area is encouraged. The present review highlights the potential benefits of biochar as an additive to animal feed and demonstrates how, when combined with other environmentally friendly practices, biochar feeding can extend the longevity of animal husbandry
Heavy Metal Tolerance profile among Bacterial species Isolated from Hydrocarbon polluted sites and their mobile genetic elements
Get PDFThis present study evaluated the plasmid incidence in bacteria and their genetic elements in heavy metals tolerant-antibiotics resistant microbes isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon polluted sites. The plasmid isolation was carried out using the fermentas Genejet plasmid miniprep kit (Thermofisher Scientific Inc, USA). Screening for class 1, 2, and 3 integrons, incompatibility group P testing, plasmid replicon typing, plasmid restriction analysis, and other analysis was performed using standard laboratory procedures. Plasmid incidences were higher among multiple heavy metal-tolerant bacterial species from hydrocarbon-polluted sites than those from the pristine site. Further, Class 1 integron incidence was significantly higher among the integrons in heavy metal tolerant bacterial isolates isolated from the polluted ecosystems than those from pristine ecosystems. Plasmid replicon type of bacteria with multiple heavy metal tolerance and antibiotics resistance indexes revealed that IncN plasmid replicon type carrying class 1 integron. This encodes resistance to sulphamethazole/trimethoprim, ampicillin, and tolerance to Cd, Ni, and Cu in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from petroleum-polluted soil. This is the first report of IncN plasmid in environmental bacteria in Nigeria, particularly from petroleum polluted environment. The conjugation experiment confirmed the possible transferability of antibiotic resistance determinants among isolates in polluted ecosystems. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that petroleum hydrocarbon pollution vis-a-vis heavy metal selective pressure with the abundance of mobile genetic elements amongst isolates from polluted ecosystems could contribute to the dispersing of antibiotic resistance genes, thus posing a serious public health concern
Pluronic F-127 hydrogel for stem cell research: a bibliometric analysis using Scopus database
Get PDFStem cell research holds immense promise in regenerative medicine. However, the successful utilization of stem cells relies on their inherent properties and the appropriate support matrix that provides an optimal environment for growth and differentiation. Optimizing their delivery and retention at the target site is crucial to enhance stem cell-based therapies' effectiveness. In recent years, hydrogels have emerged as a popular choice for culturing and delivering stem cells due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility, tunable physical and chemical characteristics, and mimicking the native extracellular matrix. Among the various hydrogels available, Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) has gained significant attention in stem cell research. This paper aims to study the publication trends of research that discuss the utilization of PF-127 hydrogel for stem cell research. The analysis is based on data extracted from the Scopus database using bibliometric methods. The results revealed the publication trends, collaboration patterns among authors and institutions, research areas, influential journals, funding agencies, and thematic connections in this field. By understanding the current state of research and identifying key areas of focus, this analysis provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners interested in harnessing the potential of PF-127 hydrogel in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering
Growth and development patterns in Mustard (Brassica spp.) as influenced by sowing time
Get PDFMustard is Bangladesh's leading oil crop, produced only during the winter (rabi) season. The sowing date is a key factor determining mustard's optimum growth and development. Because of global warming, gradual changes in season and weather parameters over time is creating a challenge in mustard cultivation. Thus, the present investigation assessed the role of different planting dates on several modern mustard varieties to disclose the optimum growth indicators necessary for elevated biological yield (BY) and harvest index (HI). Three planting times, viz. 31st October (D1), 10th November (D2), 20th November (D3) and six varieties viz. Binasarisha-4 (V1), Binasarisha-9 (V2), Binasarisha-10 (V3), BARI Sarisha-14 (V4), BARI Sarisha-16 (V5), BARI Sarisha-17 (V6) were put on a replicated factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) during rabi 2019 at BINA Sub-station farm, Magura. At the final harvest stage, outcomes depicted that highest and lowest total dry mass (g/plant) was produced by treatment D3× V5 (64.03) and D1× V1 (15.34), maximum and minimum absolute growth rate (mg/plant/day) by D1× V5 (2389.10) and D2× V1 (184.50), most and least relative growth rate (mg/g/day) in D1× V4 (53.34) and D2× V1 (3.55), maximum and least crop growth rate (g/m2/day) with D1× V3 (55.60) and D3× V4 (20.04). BY was the peak (8.13, 8.71, 8.77 t/ha) under all plantings (D1, D2, D3) with V5 variety, but HI (44.96%) was most in variety V4 with D2 sowing. Therefore, correlation studies showed a significant positive relationship between biological yield and harvest index. Overall, BARI Sarisha-16 performed well in all three sowing times, and remarkably, BY was rising with delayed planting in the case of Binasarisha-9, Binasarisha-10, and BARI Sarisha-14. This implies that delayed planting might not hamper yield but boost yield to some extent