PT. ETFLIN Scientific Society (Sciences of Phytochemistry)
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Efficacy of Sunscreen Gel Infused with Giant Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon) Head Extract
Full text linkExcessive sunlight exposure can lead to various minor skin disorders, including sunburn and the development of chronic skin malignancies. One effective preventive measure against these adverse effects is the use of sunscreen. Sunscreen can be derived from natural sources, such as the astaxanthin compound in giant tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon). This study aimed to formulate a sunscreen gel from giant tiger prawn head extract that meets good physical gel standards. Additionally, the study sought to determine the sun protection factor (SPF), erythema transmission level (%TE), and pigmentation transmission level (%TP) through in-vitro testing. The extraction process involved using coconut oil as a solvent using the maceration method. The resultant extract was then evaluated for SPF, %TE, and %TP values and subsequently formulated into gel variants with extract concentrations ranging from 1% to 10%. The findings of this investigation revealed that the giant tiger prawn head extract exhibited SPF, %TE, and %TP values of 8.0±0.11, 18.8±0.25%, and 21.7±0.73%, respectively, categorizing it as providing maximum protection, facilitating fast tanning, and acting as a sunblock. The gel formula containing 8% giant tiger prawn head extract demonstrated the highest sunscreen potential. In conclusion, this study highlights the promising potential of giant tiger prawn head extract as a natural sunscreen ingredient and identifies the optimal gel formula for effective sun protection
Hypertriglyceridemia Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Learn from New Cases
Full text linkAn increased risk of morbidity and mortality is associated with acute pancreatitis (AP) brought on by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). It is essential to locate the root cause as soon as possible and give those affected the attention they need. The treatment plan includes efforts to lower blood triglyceride levels and supportive care. HTG-induced AP has a similar clinical course to people with other types of acute pancreatitis. However, HTG-induced AP patients have significantly higher clinical severity and associated consequences. As a result, therapy and preventing sickness recurrence depend on a correct diagnosis. At the moment, there are no acknowledged standards for the treatment of HTG-induced AP. Some therapy approaches that effectively decrease serum triglycerides include fibric acids, apheresis/plasmapheresis, insulin, heparin, and omega-3 fatty acids. Following acute phase care, lifestyle modifications, including dietary and drug therapy, are essential for long-term HTG-induced AP control and relapse prevention. To create complete and efficient HTG-induced AP treatment guidelines, more study is required
Identification of Antioxidant Compounds in Fig Leaves (Ficus carica L) Fractions Using LC-MS/MS
Full text linkThe fig plant (Ficus carica L.) is one of the most popular ficus genera and is spread in tropical and sub-tropical regions throughout the world. Fig leaves have potential as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to identify antioxidant compounds in the ethanol extract of fig leaves of the Iraqi variety. The research involved preparing extracts by maceration using 96% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and 50% ethanol, testing antioxidant activity and identifying their chemical structures using LC-MS/MS. Based on the results of the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH free radical scavenging method, it was shown that the 50% ethanol extract of fig leaves had a very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 23.36 µg/mL. The results of identification with LC-MS/MS, it is estimated that the compound that has the potential as an antioxidant in the fig leaves of the Iraqi variety is the kaempferol compound
Optimizing Abiraterone Delivery through Intratumoral In Situ Implant: A Prospective Pharmaceutical Development Approach
Full text linkAbiraterone acetate is one of the effective therapies in castration-resistant prostate cancer. There is only one dosage form in the form of film-coated tablets. Abiraterone has proven effective but has disadvantages and contraindications that complicate therapy. One of them is a positive food effect affecting the bioavailability and side effects of the drug. Abiraterone is taken strictly on an empty stomach, and the bioavailability of the drug, in this case, reaches only 10%. In addition, the drug is contraindicated in people with hepatic insufficiency since the main metabolism is in the liver. These and other disadvantages can be eliminated by obtaining targeted delivery systems - liposomes and nanocrystals. Another dosage form could be considered for the active pharmaceutical agent that would be cost-effective, accessible and have higher bioavailability for effective treatment. An intratumoral polymeric in situ implant is chosen as an excellent dosage form, the matrix of which will contain an optimized form of abiraterone, which can stably target a tumor
Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Paederia foetida Leaves (EEPFL) in Albino Rats
Full text linkThe present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPFL). The ethanolic extract was obtained by infusion method, and acute oral toxicity tests were performed according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006 (OECD) guidelines. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding the rats with a high-fat diet consisting of coconut oil and vanaspati ghee in a ratio of 2:3 v/v at a dose of 10 ml/kg body weight. The extract was given at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were measured for antihyperlipidemic activity. For antioxidant activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were measured using standard methods. The extract showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and MDA in the blood. On the other hand, HDL, CAT, and SOD increased significantly. The study demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of leaves of Paederia foetida decreased blood lipid levels and lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that the EEPFL may have potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress-related diseases
Risk Factors and Adverse Drug Reactions in HIV/AIDS Patients at Undata Regional Hospital in Palu City, Indonesia
Full text linkAIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a clinical manifestation of the late stage of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). This virus attacks CD4 cells in the immune system which is an important component in fighting infection. Without treatment, HIV can gradually destroy the immune system and lead to AIDS. This study aims to identify risk factors and determine and identify the type of ADR in HIV/AIDS patients at Undata Regional General Hospital Palu, Central Sulawesi province. This study used a cross-sectional observation method with prospective data collection, with a sample of 126 patients. Based on the results of the study, patients with HIV/AIDS had the most risk factors, namely homosexuality as many as 73 patients (58%), at the clinical stage, namely stage 3, 50 patients (39%), on opportunistic infection data, namely candidiasis, 35 patients (33%), and the initial CD4 cell count of <200 cells/mm3 in 27 patients (21%). Patients with HIV/AIDS who experienced ADR using antiretroviral drugs were 255 out of a total of 126 patients. Types of ADR that occur in HIV/AIDS patients include fever (6%), dizziness (47%), nausea (12%), vomiting (7%), insomnia (15%), easy hunger (1%), Hb low (1%), weakness (1%), rash (9%), headache (1%). Overall, these findings contribute valuable information for developing targeted interventions and improving the overall care and outcomes for individuals with HIV/AIDS
Exploring the Antiepileptic Potential of Amaranthus spinosus: An Experimental Study in Albino Mice
Full text linkAbout 60% of the world population relies on herbal medicine, and 80% depend almost entirely on it for their primary healthcare. Many of these herbs are rich in phytochemicals, thus valuable as potential sources of drugs. Amaranthus spinosus is a vegetable and ornamental plant used in African folklore to treat several illnesses. This study aimed to investigate the antiepileptic potential of the methanol leaf extract of Amaranthus spinosus in albino mice. Preliminary phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies were conducted using standard methods. Anticonvulsant studies were conducted using chemo-shock models (pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) - and strychnine (STR)-induced seizures) in mice. Phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of terpenoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, and flavonoids. Additionally, the acute toxicity studies of the extract revealed that the extract is safe in mice at 2000 mg/kg. The extract at 400 and 800 mg/kg produced a significant (p<0.05) delay in the mean onset of seizures, decreased the duration of seizures induced by PTZ in a dose-dependent manner, and protected the mice. The extract showed insignificant protection against strychnine-induced seizures in mice. This could serve as a scientific basis for further evaluation of the plant’s potential in managing epilepsy, which can lead to the discovery of an effective antiepileptic agent with fewer side effects
Psychotropic Drugs Used in Psychiatry Outpatient Department: A Cross-Sectional Drug Utilization Research
Full text linkMental and behavioral disorders are common around the world. Pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and psychosocial rehabilitation are three treatment components for these disorders. Drug therapy is an essential part of the comprehensive treatment of these diseases. Their use pattern in psychiatric practice has changed dramatically in recent years. Mental disorders require long-term treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to study the prescribing practices of these groups of drugs. This study aims to assess drug use patterns using the WHO/INRUD Core Prescribing Indicators. Patients of both genders and ages with mental illness and prescription psychiatric drugs were evaluated from the outpatient department of the Psychiatry Unit (OPD). The prescription data were collected and analyzed using the indicators recommended by the WHO/INRUD. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel-2007. The percentage and average values of the variables were compared. A total of 655 prescriptions were analyzed. Male patients (54.96%) were more than women (45.04%). The morbidity profile included schizophrenia (37.86%), alcohol use disorder (18.78%), major depressive disorder (11.30%), anxiety disorder (10.23%), bipolar disorder (4.88%), and others (16.95%). The newer antipsychotic were the most commonly prescribed drugs (particularly olanzapine), along with a central anticholinergic (trihexyphenidyl) and a benzodiazepine (lorazepam). The percentage of drugs prescribed with generic names was 39.80%, and that of drugs prescribed by NLEM was 48.49%. The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 2.58. This study's Index of Rational Prescribing (IRDP) was 3.87, whereas the optimal score was 5. Prescriptions were complete, and principles of rational prescribing were followed, except for a low generic prescribing rate
Cold Atmospheric Plasma: A Noteworthy Approach in Medical Science
Full text linkCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a novel technology with boundless significance that can be used in the medical sector that offers noninvasive in-vivo applications without damaging the living tissues. CAPs can be obtained by curtailing the concentration of high-energetic electrons per phase and by freezing molecules/atoms (devoid of charge) in plasma utilizing gas circulation and atmospheric air, which includes a variety of charged and neutral reactive entities, UV rays, electric currents, and fields, etc. that have an influence on cellular material in a multitude of diverse manners. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), produced by the plasma, essentially cause biological and therapeutically advantageous plasma effects. CAP plasma has several important biological functions, including the deactivation of pathogens, induction of tissue restoration and cell propagation, the annihilation of cells by triggering apoptosis, etc. Several fundamental concepts are defined, even if the precise process of the effect of plasma on biomolecules is still not properly identified. Depending on the biological synthesis of RNS and ROS in reactions to plasma emissions, the present review described several aspects of plasma therapy in neuroscience, particularly in anti-glioblastoma, neuro-differentiation, and neuroprotection and also the various applications of CAP in medical fields where it is used in the therapy of SARS-CoV-2, cancer therapy, and chronic and acute wounds. Furthermore, the proliferation in stem cells, dental medicines, dermatology, and a brief insight into CAP devices and their risk factors was highlighted
Quality Control of Herbal Drug (Paxherbal Bitter Tea) Via Thin-Layer Chromatography and Phytoconstituent Analysis
Full text linkThe effectiveness of any herbal medication depends on the presence or absence of pharmacologically active phytocompounds. These ingredients are significantly affected by the quality control system espoused during and after manufacturing processes and the operation of such pharmaceuticals. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a quality control parameter suitable to identify and codify substances predicated on their distinctiveness and uniformity, giving an identity for such substances. Paxherbal Bitter Tea is a polyherbal medicine harnessed as an anti-diabetes medicine. This study assessed the distinguishable phytoconstituents present and evolved attribute profiles (TLC) for the herbal (Paxherbal Bitter Tea) to serve as a quality control check during manufacturing for consistency and market identity. Qualitative phytochemical and chromatographic assays were carried out employing standard methodologies. The qualitative test revealed the presence of saponin, steroids, reducing sugar, cardiac glycoside, and terpenoids, and the finger-print chromatograms after progression with n-hexane: ethyl acetate (9:1) flaunted three dissimilar elements under ultraviolet light at 365 nm and five spots, when dotted with 20% methanolic sulphuric acid under visible light. In this study, we developed an identity profile for Paxherbal Bitter Tea via its unique chemical biographies, which can be exercised in verifying the quality and consistency of the herbal product