PT. ETFLIN Scientific Society (Sciences of Phytochemistry)
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Pometia pinnata in Pharmaceutical Research: Bioactivity, Mechanisms, and Formulation Prospects
Full text linkA literature review was conducted to gather information on the pharmacological properties and pharmaceutical dosage forms made from the Matoa plant (Pometia pinnata). The review aimed to provide a basis for further research and explore the potential of Matoa in the health sector. The method involved searching electronic media platforms, specifically Google Scholar, PubMed, and Open Knowledge Maps, using targeted keywords such as "Matoa,” "Pometia pinnata,” "Matoa preparation formulation,” "Pometia pinnata pharmaceutical preparation,” "Preparation of Pometia pinnata," and "Function of Pometia pinnata." The inclusion criteria included original research, full-text articles, and open-access journals, all published within the last 10 years, in both Indonesian and English. After screening, 64 articles were identified from the 185 search results. The review revealed that various parts of the Matoa plant, including leaves, fruit, stem bark, fruit peel, and roots, possess pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, analgesic, antioxidant, sunscreen, anticancer, antidiarrheal, anti-HIV, anti-obesity, diuretic, nephrotoxic, and antihypertensive activities. Additionally, various pharmaceutical dosage forms containing Matoa were studied, including topical preparations such as lotions, creams, liquid soap, and body scrubs, as well as oral preparations like effervescent powders, herbal drinks, and jelly candies. The review suggests that numerous research opportunities remain to further explore the potential of Matoa in the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields, as well as to develop innovative dosage forms for optimal results
Antibacterial Activity of Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) Stems Against Skin Infection-Causing Bacteria
Full text linkSkin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes often exhibit resistance to conventional treatments. This issue has led to the exploration of medical plants, such as kecombrang stems (Etlingera elatior), which are known for their antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of kecombrang stem and to identify its active compounds. The methanolic extract of kecombrang stems was tested against the three bacteria using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 80%, 40%, and 20%. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method and an ELISA reader. TLC-Bioautography was employed to identify the antibacterial compounds present in the extract. The methanol extract of kecombrang stems exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. acnes, with an inhibition zone diameter ranging from 9.23 ± 0.472 to 25.53 ± 0.378 mm. The MIC results showed that the minimum concentration of 78.12 ppm could inhibit the growth of S. aureus by 33.74%, S. epidermidis by 14.45%, and P. acnes by 3.5%. The results of TLC Bioautography analysis indicate that flavonoids exhibit antibacterial properties. The kecombrang stem has the potential to serve as an antibacterial agent against bacteria that cause skin infections
Effectiveness of Apigenin–Banana Stem (Musa paradisiaca) Combination Gel on Incised Wound Healing
Full text linkoai:etflin.com:file:430Wound healing is a complex biological process involving inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Delayed healing increases the risk of infection and other complications. Ambon banana stem (Musa acuminata) contains flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins that support tissue regeneration, while apigenin exhibits anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative activities. The combination of these two agents is expected to enhance wound repair. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a gel containing Ambon banana stem powder and apigenin in promoting wound healing in Sprague Dawley rats. A linear incision wound (1.5 cm × 2 mm) was created on the dorsal skin of anesthetized rats. Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 4): untreated control (F0), negative control (gel base), positive control (Bioplacenton®), and three test formulations (F1: 5% banana stem + 10% apigenin; F2: 7.5% + 7.5%; F3: 10% + 5%). Wound length was measured daily for eight days using a digital caliper, and the percentage of wound closure was calculated. All combination gels significantly accelerated wound contraction compared with the negative control (p < 0.001). Formula F3 demonstrated the fastest healing, achieving complete closure on day 5 (1.50 ± 0.00 cm to 0.00 ± 0.00 cm), whereas the positive control reached 87.8 ± 0.15% closure by day 8. No significant differences were observed among the three test formulations. The accelerated healing is attributed to the synergistic effects of banana stem phytochemicals and apigenin. Overall, the combination gel effectively promotes wound healing and shows potential as a natural-based topical therapeutic
Effect of Gene Polymorphisms on Oral Antidiabetic Drug Response in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Full text linkDiabetes mellitus is currently one of the global health threats. The prevalence and incidence of this disease continue to increase, both in industrialised and developing countries, including Indonesia. There are different types of DM marker gene polymorphisms in each racial group. These genetic variations contribute to the response of oral antidiabetic drugs. This article aims to conduct a narrative review of the influence of gene polymorphisms on oral antidiabetic drug response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Article searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Wiley published from 2014 to 2024. From the screening, 30 articles met the criteria. The articles reported various gene polymorphisms associated with the efficacy of oral antidiabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with certain gene variations, there was no significant decrease in HbA1c values after taking medication. Gene polymorphisms may affect the pharmacokinetics of oral antidiabetics and therapeutic response in patients with type 2 diabetes
Improving Hospital Pharmacy Service Quality Using Lean Management Principles
No full textOptimal pharmaceutical services are a crucial factor in enhancing the overall quality of hospital care. Pharmacy installations often face challenges such as non-compliance with standard operating procedures, prolonged service waiting times, and inefficiencies in drug stock management. This study aims to analyze improvements in pharmaceutical service processes through the application of Lean Management, with the goal of enhancing effectiveness, efficiency, and patient satisfaction. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using observations, interviews, and secondary data analysis. The setting of the study was the Pharmacy Installation at RSIA Viola Bekasi. The implementation of Lean Management was initiated and conceptualized in collaboration with the researchers and hospital management. Prior to the intervention, the average waiting time for compounded prescriptions ranged from 30 to 45 minutes, while non-compounded prescriptions took approximately 15 to 20 minutes. After the Lean intervention, these waiting times decreased significantly to an average of 20.17 minutes for compounded prescriptions and 6.5 minutes for non-compounded prescriptions—indicating an efficiency improvement of approximately 33% to 68%, depending on the type of service. The application of Lean Management also led to notable reductions in waste, improved service flow, and more effective drug inventory management through the adoption of Just-in-Time (JIT) and First Expired, First Out (FEFO) systems. These changes enhanced both the operational performance and responsiveness of the pharmacy unit. In conclusion, the findings confirm that Lean Management is an effective strategy for improving pharmaceutical service quality. By systematically addressing inefficiencies and streamlining processes, Lean principles not only support patient-centered care but also contribute to broader hospital service optimization. This study also adds to the Lean Management literature by offering contextual evidence from a maternal and child healthcare facility in the Indonesian hospital settin
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Drugs Used in Chronic Outpatients at Berkah Pandeglang Regional Hospital
Full text linkHypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are chronic conditions requiring long-term pharmacotherapy, placing significant financial pressure on patients and healthcare systems. Drug selection should prioritize both clinical efficacy and cost-efficiency, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study conducted a pharmacoeconomic evaluation of commonly used therapies at RSUD Berkah Pandeglang using a retrospective, non-experimental design. Data were collected from 2023 outpatient records and analyzed from the hospital’s perspective. Cost-effectiveness was assessed using the Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER). For hypertension, amlodipine (n=20) had a lower ACER (Rp 283,913) than candesartan (n=15; Rp 883,000), indicating higher cost-effectiveness. In T2DM patients, metformin (n=25) was more cost-effective (ACER: Rp 317,746.75) than glimepiride (n=25; ACER: Rp 607,148.84). These findings support prioritizing amlodipine and metformin as first-line treatments in similar public healthcare settings to improve therapeutic outcomes while managing costs
Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Wadi Papuyu (Anabas testudineus Bloch) Fermentation of Indonesian Origin as a Probiotic Candidate
Full text linkLactococcus garvieae was isolated from the traditional fermented food Wadi Papuyu (Anabas testudineus Bloch) and characterized for its potential as a probiotic candidate. Growth assays demonstrated that L. garvieae could proliferate in MRS medium, reaching cell counts exceeding 107 CFU/mL after 72 h of anaerobic incubation. The isolate exhibited optimal growth at both 30 °C and 37 °C, as indicated by significant increases in absorbance at these temperatures. However, in the bile salt tolerance test using 0.5% (w/v) bile salts, L. garvieae showed a marked decline in growth, with absorbance values decreasing substantially after 24 and 48 h, indicating insufficient bile tolerance. The autoaggregation assay revealed values below 10%, suggesting limited autoaggregation capability and reduced potential for colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, the co-aggregation assay showed that L. garvieae was able to coaggregate with pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp., with co-aggregation percentages exceeding 40% after 5 h. Antimicrobial activity tests demonstrated that L. garvieae produced strong inhibition zones (diameters >10–20 mm and >20 mm) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. These findings indicate that while L. garvieae exhibits promising antimicrobial activity and co-aggregation ability, its limited bile salt tolerance and autoaggregation capacity are significant constraints in its development as a probiotic candidate
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Pandanus amaryllifolius Leaf Extract, Fractions, and Isolate and Their Role in Anti-Dandruff Shampoo Optimization
Full text linkPandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) possess various biological activities due to their secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, and triterpenoids/steroids. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of pandan leaf extracts, fractions, and isolates against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pityrosporum ovale, as well as to optimize surfactants in shampoo formulations. The experimental design used a post-test-only control group. Samples were processed through maceration, followed by fractionation and isolation using the KLT-P method. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed using the agar well diffusion method.
The most effective antibacterial activity against E. coli was observed in the n-hexane isolate at 700 ppm, with an inhibition zone of 19.6 mm, classified as strong. For S. aureus, the 100% water fraction produced an inhibition zone of 9.96 mm, classified as weak. The ethanol extract showed antifungal activity against P. ovale with an inhibition zone of 6.29 mm, categorized as moderate.
Shampoo formulation optimization using sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamide DEA resulted in an ideal ratio of 0.235 to 0.764. This combination produced a shampoo with acceptable physical characteristics, including a pH of 5.71, foam height of 2.56 cm, and viscosity of 899.9 cps, all of which met the standard requirements
Low Glycemic Index Taro Tuber (Colocasia esculenta L.) Flakes as Alternative Food Product for Diabetes Management
Full text linkFlakes are a type of instant food product commonly consumed as a breakfast alternative, especially those labelled “low-glycaemic index” can be suitable for individuals with diabetes. Taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta L.) containing high fibre and low fat are among the raw materials that can be processed into instant food. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and determine the glycaemic index (GI) of Taro tuber flakes as an alternative processed food product for individuals with diabetes. Three distinct formulas, namely F1, F2, and F3, were developed with varying drying temperatures of 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C. These were comprehensively evaluated through sensory testing (hedonic and scoring), followed by the analysis of moisture content, ash content, microbial examination, and glycaemic index. The results showed that all three developed formulas F1, F2, and F3 xhibited low glycaemic index values (below 55), along with acceptable moisture and ash content, and were free from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi contamination. Among them, F2, which was dried at 60 °C, showed the lowest glycaemic index value of 15.1, indicating its potential to produce a minimal postprandial blood glucose response. Furthermore, F2 received an average hedonic score of 6, which indicates favorable sensory acceptance in terms of taste, color, texture, and aroma. Therefore, F2 was selected as the most suitable formula that can be consumed as an alternative food product to help manage diabetes through low-GI dietary strategies
Liquid Soap with Pineapple Hump Extract and Nanoformulation Against Staphylococcus aureus
Full text linkStaphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that frequently causes skin infections and can become resistant to various antibiotics. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) waste, particularly the hump, contains active compounds such as bromelain, saponins, and flavonoids with known antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial potential of liquid soap formulated with extract and nanoextract of pineapple hump against S. aureus. The pineapple hump was extracted using maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by nanoparticle formulation using a high-speed homogenization method. Liquid soap was made with three formulas, one formula contains a concentration of 12.5% extract and two formulas contain 1.25% nanoextract of pineapple hump. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, and the diameter of the inhibition zones was measured. Results showed that all tested concentrations produced antibacterial activity, with the 12.5% concentration (Formula 1) exhibiting the highest inhibition zone (23.2 mm), followed by 1.25% nanoextract nano liquid soap (18.41 mm) (Formula 3) and 1.25% nanoextract liquid soap (14.53 mm) (Formula 2). The positive control (Dettol Handwash) produced a larger inhibition zone (20.08 mm). Data analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences for each formula, with a p-value of less than 0.05. These findings indicate that nanoextract of pineapple hump formulated in liquid soap has potential as a natural antibacterial agent against S. aureus