PT. ETFLIN Scientific Society (Sciences of Phytochemistry)
PT. ETFLIN Scientific Society (Sciences of Phytochemistry)Not a member yet
90 research outputs found
Sort by
Prevalence, Causes, and Management Strategies of Fungal Diseases in Northern Regions of Bangladesh
Full text linkIn Bangladesh, fungus-related skin diseases are highly prevalent. Until this result began, there was no research in Bangladesh to find the cause and management strategies for fungal infection, but there is still no complete research on it. This survey aimed to evaluate the incidence, etiology, and therapeutic alternatives for various fungal ailments in Bangladesh. The research was carried out in Rajshahi from January to June 2019 by the Pharmacy Department of Varendra University. A compilation of 489 patient data was obtained throughout the investigation using a semi-structured questionnaire. The participants' ages vary from three months to seventy years; 327 are male, and 162 are female. The most prevalent skin conditions among the patients are as follows: ringworm (11.25%), skin infections affecting the ear, nose, fingers, and uterus (11.04%), acne (8.19%), allergy (9.82%), dandruff (5.11%), dermatitis (9.00%), eczema (5.73%), and scabies (7.18%). Student individuals comprise 49.28% of the patients, day workers 16.56%, housewives 16.36%, and employed 14.31%. Patients are housed in 53.17 percent concrete houses, 26.5 percent huts, and 26.18% semi-structures. Patients wash their clothing with tap water at a rate of 52%, followed by tube well water at 21.27%, pond water at 20.45%, and river water at 5.52%. It is evident from this study that fungal diseases affect individuals of all ages, including men and women. An adverse finding of the research was that over forty percent of patients do not receive accurate instructions from their physicians, which raises the risk of drug resistance and further contamination
Development of Chitosan-Based Antimicrobial Hydrogel Incorporating Polyvinylpyrrolidone and PHMG
Full text linkThis study focuses on the development of a chitosan-based hydrogel incorporating polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride for the rehabilitation of damaged and contaminated skin. The thermal properties of chitosan-containing films were characterized by measuring the glass transition temperature (Tg) using differential scanning calorimetry. Due to challenges in accurately determining the Tg of chitosan from experimental and literature data, an additional method, dynamic mechanical analysis, was employed. Using the literature value for the Tg of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, the transitions of the components were determined. The estimated sorption capacity of the developed hydrogel showed that the inclusion of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride reduced the moisture content, as expected. However, the overall behavior of the hydrogels remained similar. Vapor permeability, an important factor in wound healing, was also evaluated. Antimicrobial testing revealed no activity for the chitosan control sample despite some reports in the literature, while the samples containing polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride exhibited superior antimicrobial efficacy. These findings suggest that the incorporation of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone significantly enhances both the mechanical strength and antimicrobial potential of chitosan-based hydrogels, positioning them as promising candidates for the treatment of contaminated wounds
Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Mentha viridis in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Full text linkThis research was designed to examine the phytochemicals of Mentha viridis (M. viridis) ethanolic extract and the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in alloxan-induced animal models. Diabetes was induced chemically by administering a unit dose of alloxan at 120 mg/kg BW. After alloxan induction, hyperglycemic rats were dealt with ethanolic extract of leaf and whole plant, metformin, and a mixture of leaf extract with metformin and whole plant extract with metformin for two weeks. Ethanolic extract of leaf and whole plant, metformin, and a combination of both leaf and whole plant extract with metformin therapies reduced glucose levels in the blood compared with the diabetic negative control group after two weeks of treatment. However, among the therapies, the ethanolic leaf extract and the combination of whole plant extracts with metformin were found to be the most effective (p<0.05), with reductions of 62.82% and 72.89%, respectively. After diabetes induction, the serum level of TG (triglycerides), TC (total cholesterol), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) escalated notably (p<0.05), and HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) level decreased remarkably (p<0.05) in hyperglycemic rats as opposed to healthy normal rats. Ethanolic leaf extract and a combination of whole plant extract with metformin significantly minimized the elevated extent of TG and LDL-C. They surged HDL-C, but the TC level was reduced by whole plant extract only after two weeks of treatment. The standard procedures were used to identify the phytochemical compounds of the medicinal plant M. viridis. The phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, resins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids appeared in the ethanolic leaf extract of M. viridis. The findings suggest that M. viridis might provide better glycemic control and hypolipidemic effect in diabetic rats when administered alone or combined with oral antidiabetic agents. Incorporating M. viridis extract with metformin in improving hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions in diabetic rats proves that M. viridis has a synergistic effect, which could enhance the antidiabetic activity of oral hypoglycemic agents
From Prodrug to Multimatrix: Recent Advancement of Colon Specific Drug Delivery System
Full text linkPrevalence of colonic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, angiodysplasia, salmonellosis, etc, are increasing daily and are reducing the quality of life of the patients. These diseases can be difficult to treat due to their ability to alter the normal environment of the colon such as the pH, microbiota, enzymes, and more. Anatomy and physiology of the colon also pose difficulty in case of targeted drug administration. Additionally, there are variations in how each colonic disease influences the colon, making it essential to design a Colon-Specific-Drug-Delivery System (CSDDS) that would ensure proper targeting and delivery of the drugs. To reduce systemic side effects and achieve desired therapeutic effects, the dosage form should be designed in such a way that allows for direct and precise targeting of drugs into the colon, while also preventing premature gastrointestinal drug release. In this review, we discuss the conventional (for example, prodrug, CODES, pulsatile drug delivery) and novel (OPTICORE, Phloral, MMX technology, 3D bicompartmental device) approaches aimed at ensuring drug release and absorption within the colon, as well as examine the factors that affect drug delivery targeted at the colon. Despite considerable progress, significant challenges and gaps remain, including the need for a deeper understanding of colonic environmental variability, the development of advanced biocompatible materials, and the implementation of personalized treatment strategies are highly required
Larvicidal Activity of Red Betel Leaves (Piper ornatum) Ethanolic Extract Against Mosquito Larvae
Full text linkLarvae are the initial carriers of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and culex, making them significant in disease transmission. Excessive chemical larvicides pose serious risks to human health, thus driving the development of biological alternatives like red betel leaf extract. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of red betel leaf extract in larval control. Using 300 larvae, concentrations of 5%, 6%, and 7% were tested with three replicates over 24 h. The bioassay involved placing the larvae into a plastic container filled with the extract. It was found that ethanol extract from Piper ornatum leaves contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. After 24 h, results revealed 83% mortality at 5%, 98% at 6%, and 100% at 7% of extract concentration. Consequently, the 7% concentration showed the fastest efficacy in killing mosquito larvae (100% in 50 min). The LC50 value, representing the concentration at which 50% of larvae are killed, was determined to be 0.04%. Additionally, the LT50 value, indicating the time required to kill 50% of larvae (based on the LC50 value), was found to be 3.34 hours. In conclusion, red betel leaf extract demonstrated promising larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae. Future research is anticipated to prove its safety via in vitro and in vivo test
Potential of Ciplukan Leaf (Physalis Angulate L.) Infusion as A Bronchodilator in Pulmonary Histopathology of Sprague Dawley White Rats
Full text linkCiplukan leaves contain alkaloid compounds and exhibit pharmacological activity as bronchodilators. Bronchodilators are utilized in chronic inflammatory respiratory conditions such as asthma, involving various cell types such as mast cells, eosinophils, and epithelial cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of administering Ciplukan leaf infusion as a bronchodilator. A total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control (K1), negative control (K2), positive control (K3), 200 mg/kg BW dose (K4), 400 mg/kg BW dose (K5), and 800 mg/kg BW dose (K6). On days 1 and 8, rats were sensitized with 0.35 mg OVA + 1 mg AlOH3 in 0.9% NaCl (i.p). On days 15, 17, and 19, rats were re-sensitized with inhaled OVA. From day 20 to 28, K1 and K2 received no treatment, K3 received 2 mL/day of salbutamol, and the dose groups were administered 2 mL/day of Ciplukan leaf infusion; all treatments were carried out simultaneously. On day 29, rats were dissected, and their lung organs were collected for histopathological preparation. Research findings revealed a reduction in bronchiolar epithelial thickness across groups in the following order: 495.05; 584.95; 334.69; 421.70; 482.81; 484.95 µm. The sequential lung eosinophil counts were 19; 44; 37; 23; 17; and 27, and mast cell counts were 9; 22; 13; 15; 13; and 7. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences at the 200 mg/kg BW dose for the parameters of bronchiolar epithelial thickness and eosinophil count, as well as significant differences in mast cell counts at the 800 mg/kg BW dose and negative control group
Assessment of Patient Safety Culture Amongst Pharmacy Staff of Selected Healthcare Facilities in Delta North, Nigeria
Full text linkThe strategy for improving patient safety in hospitals heavily relies on safety culture. The study aimed to evaluate patient safety cultures amongst pharmacy staffs of selected health facilities in Delta North, Delya State, Nigeria. Data on patient safety amongst 70 pharmacy personnel in two major secondary and 5 general health facilities across Delta North senatorial district, Delta State, were collected using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) tool. Information on communication openness, the frequency of documenting different types of mistakes, as well as the overall patient safety culture rating, was collected. Composite scores were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Measurement data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and compared using a student t-test. The results were considered significant at p<0.05. The mean scores of all the various composite item responses were calculated and grouped into positive and negative responses with a mean score of ≥4 and <4, respectively. The safety cultures of physical space and environment, staff training and skills, and communication openness had a good composite score of 4.0 – 4.1. The safety culture of procedures for communicating prescriptions across shifts was poorly rated, with composite scores of 3.8. The safety culture of patient counselling had the highest composite score of 4.3. The safety composites for documenting various shades of mistakes had a mean score of 3.5. Overall, 68.1% of the healthcare facilities were rated excellent, although there were some loopholes (documenting mistakes and poor communication across shifts) in the safety composite scores requiring areas for improvement
Suspension of Sonchus arvensis L Leaves Ethanolic Extract Affects Blood Creatinine and Urea Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Wistar Male Rats
Full text linkThe study focused on analyzing the secondary metabolites present in the ethanol extract of Sonchus arvensis L. leaves (SALEE) and their impact on creatinine and urea levels when administered in suspension form at different doses. Phytochemical screening of SALEE identified alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and tannins. In the experiment, twenty-five white male rats were divided into five groups: a healthy control group (Group I), a negative control group (Group II), and three test groups (Groups III, IV, and V) receiving SALEE at doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg BW, respectively. After inducing diabetes with streptozotocin and a 21-day follow-up period, creatinine and urea levels were assessed. The results demonstrated that SALEE administration significantly reduced creatinine levels and increased urea levels. Notably, the 200 mg/kg BW dose of SALEE exhibited a consistent and long-term effect. It was observed that blood urea levels fluctuated even in healthy and negative control groups during the 21-day observation period. In the group receiving the highest dose of SALEE (400 mg/kg BW), blood urea levels increased significantly on days 14 and 21, indicating a potential increase in the rats' appetite rather than renal function failure. Overall, the findings suggest that SALEE has promising potential to regulate creatinine and urea levels in the blood of individuals with diabetes, highlighting its potential for therapeutic and supplemental use
Optimization of Cream Formulation with Borneo Tallow Nut, Almond Oil, and Olive Oil Using the Simplex Lattice Design Method
Full text linkDry
skin, a common dermatological issue affecting individuals across all age groups,
often disrupts the skin's protective barrier, leading to discomfort and
increased sensitivity. Addressing this condition involves the use of
moisturizers, which play a vital role in restoring skin hydration. In this
study, a cream preparation was successfully developed using vegetable oils,
including Borneo Tallow Nut, Almond Oil, and Olive Oil. The cream formula was
optimized using the Design-Expert software with the Simplex Lattice Design
(SLD) method to evaluate the impact of different concentrations of these oils
on the cream's pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. The results
demonstrated that the cream exhibited excellent thermo-physical stability, with
optimum values of Borneo Tallow Nut at 1.349% w/w, Almond Oil at 3.598% w/w,
and Olive Oil at 4.051% w/w. The cream achieved a pH value of 5.702, viscosity
of 16.851 Cp, spreadability of 8.147 cm, and adhesion of 63.682 s, with a
desirability score of 0.718. This research confirms that Borneo Tallow Nut,
Olive Oil, and Almond Oil have significant potential as excipients in cream
formulations
Nanosuspension Formula of Curcuma xanthorriza Rhizome Dry Extract: Impact of Tween 80-PEG 400 Ratio
Full text linkOur previous research investigated nanosuspension using the ionic gelation method with a 2:1 ratio of chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and 0.44% Curcuma xanthorriza rhizome extract. The results indicated an unstable nanosuspension with a particle size of 399.3 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.60, and an entrapment efficiency of 73.37%. This study aims to develop a nanosuspension using Tween 80-PEG 400 to improve the characteristics and dissolution at pH 6.8. Curcuma rhizome was macerated with 96% ethanol and dried using a spray dryer. The nanosuspension formulation was designed using a 22 factorial design with Tween 80 (0.1%-0.4%) and PEG 400 (0.1%-0.4%) as factors, and the formulation was analyzed using Minitab 18. The dissolution of the optimum formulation was tested. The best formulation, comprising 0.1% Tween 80 and 0.4% PEG 400, provided a spherical shape, a particle size of 111.26 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.27, a zeta potential of 30.77 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 84.30%, and a desirability value of 0.9058. The release of curcumin at pH 6.8 after 180 minutes was 37.85% ± 0.1375 with a DE180 of 83.60% ± 0.1457. The 22 factorial design proved effective for enhancing formulation attributes. Based on the result obtained, it can be concluded that the best formulation contains 0.1% Tween 80 and 0.4% PEG 400, with zero-order release kinetics and a diffusion mechanism