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Overcoming the socio-cultural challenges of refugees in the Mahama Refugee camp
Full text linkThis study investigates the effects of socio-cultural challenges experienced by refugees in the Mahama Refugee Camp in Rwanda and proposes potential remedies to these effects. The mixed approach was applied for the collection of data. Questionnaires were administered to 102 respondents, while in-depth interviews were conducted to resource persons in the refugee camp. The Sociocultural theory by Vygotsky (1979) was employed to inspire the trend of research. This study used the purposive and random sampling to select research participants. Refugees were purposely selected to provide information about linguistic, cultural and communication challenges that they experience in the camp. The analysed data reveal a significant degree of socio-cultural challenges faced by refugees in the Mahama Refugee Camp. 82.4% of the refugees have language differences which make communication difficult.A considerable proportion of respondents (67.6%) reported experiencing culture shock, manifested primarily in feelings of isolation (75.5%) and heightened stress and anxiety (88.2%). Attitudes towards cultural integration were also assessed, with a small minority (23.5%) expressing support and a large majority (76.5%) preferring to maintain their cultural distinctiveness. The researchers recommend intercultural communication and integration workshops to make the camp a harmonious and comfortable place for all refugees
The Legality of Former Corruptors as General Election Participants from the Perspective of Constitutional Law
Full text linkGeneral elections are a decisive moment in democratic life, as the main forum for quantifying the people's voice in carrying out the transition of leadership and government officials in executive and legislative power. In 2018, the General Election Commission and Law Number 6 of 2016 concerning the Election of Regional Heads and the People's Representative Council prohibited former corruption convicts from participating in the Regional Elections. However, the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court decisions later amputated these restrictions. The research aims to examine and analyze the legality of the political rights of former corruption convicts along with the efforts made after the Constitutional Court decision in the framework of building democracy in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research, the legal material used as a reference is secondary legal material which is supported by primary legal material and uses a statutory approach and conceptual approach, and analysis of the material is carried out descriptively. The research results show that (1) the Constitutional Court's decision guarantees the constitutional rights of former prisoners to participate as regional head candidates and legislative candidates in regional head elections and general elections. This decision provides legality for former convicts to occupy elected public positions (elected officials) as long as they are not subject to additional punishment in the form of revocation of voting rights by a court decision that has legal force; and (2) Efforts by election organizers to build democracy must be seen as good faith to ensure that regional head elections are held democratically. This effort was carried out by issuing technical regulations to implement the Constitutional Court decision as required quo. The regulatory material must include strict sanctions for former convicts who do not comply with the provisions of the regulation both pre and post-appointment as regional heads and candidates for members of the People's Representative Council (Central, Provincial, Regency/City). The General Election Supervisory Agency as an election supervisory institution must supervise the process of nominating regional heads and legislative candidates so that they comply with the provisions of applicable laws and regulations
State and prospects of translators training in Guinea
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to analyse and explain the teaching methodologyused in translator training in Guinea, specifically at the University General Lansana Conté de Sonfonia. It also aims at identifying the challenges faced by students, teachers and the managers of the training programme. Finally, it proposes solutions to improve on the quality of training translators in this programme. To achieve these objectives, a mixed-methods approach was used employing both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect and analyse data from graduate and undergraduate students, teachers and managers of the programme. The data was analysed using SPSS and Google Forms . The results indicate that the translator training is mainly focused on professional objectives. However, it was found that access to modern material and teaching resources is insufficient. Moreover, the results revealed that the challenges encountered are closely linked to students' lack of proficiency in the source and target languages, the difficulty of recruiting qualified translation teachers, as well as the absence of courses in computer-assisted translation (CAT). In the light of these findings, the study recommends the integration of appropriate material and pedagogical resources, the enhancement of students' language skills, the recruitment of specialized translation teachers, and the introduction of computer-assisted translation (CAT) courses
Assessing Political and Economic Barriers to Regional Integration in ECOWAS
Full text linkThis paper looks into the political, economic, and institutional challenges of regional integration facing the Economic Community of West African States through a systematic literature review. Despite considerable efforts in fostering economic cooperation, there are various obstacles that ECOWAS still faces, including political instability, diversity of political systems, economic disparities, inadequate institutional capacity, trade barriers, lack of infrastructure, and different currencies. The said elements do make harmonization of policies and effective implementation of regional agreements quite complicated. Guided by theories on institutionalism, dependency theory, and regionalism, this study reviewed current integration policies on their effectiveness and made suggestions on how challenges can be overcome through certain strategies. Recommendations have ranged from strengthening of institutional frameworks to political stability and good governance, economic policy harmonization, addressing of infrastructure gaps, facilitating currency unification, and inclusive development. By embracing them, ECOWAS would have ensured closer regional integration and sustainable development while exploiting opportunities offered by the international community for growth and prosperity in the sub-region
Strategic Partnership and Resilience of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Rivers State
Full text linkThis study investigatedthe relationship between strategic partnership and resilience of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)in Rivers State with dimensions of resilience such as adaptive capability and organizational learning. The much pressing problem that was solved through this research was the inability of SMEs to come together to pursue the same strategic objective which enhances collective knowledge, expertise, foster unity and have the same access to the same resources in order to outperform their rivals. In solving this problem, the research involved the statement of two hypotheses and two research questions. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data was collected from 60 managers and owners through the distribution of structured copies of questionnaire. The Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the data collected. Findings revealed that strategic partnership positively impacts adaptive capability and organizational learning, thus, enhancing firms' abilities to respond to changes in the business environment and fostercontinuous improvement and innovation for competitive advantage over rivals. The research therefore, concluded that strategic partnership in terms of resource sharing and collaborative management significantly enhancesresilience of SMEs in turbulent business environment. The study further recommended that firms should be strategic in their use of partnerships, ensuring that these moves align with their long-term objectives to remain sustainable. Also, SMEs should seek out partnerships that complement their strengths which will offer new opportunities for competitive advantage and growth
RESEARCHING THE STUDENTS' INFORMATION SHARING BEHAVIOR ON SOCIAL NETWORKING PLATFORMS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SOCIAL MOTIVATION
Full text linkThe study focuses on the factors affecting students' information sharing behavior on social networks, especially the mediating role of social moral motivation. Using quantitative research methods, survey data were collected from 364 students studying at Hanoi University of Industry. Data were processed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24 software. The research results showed that subjective norms, need for affiliation, expected social benefits, and expected outcomes have a positive impact on students' social motivation and intention to share information on social networking platforms, and the research results also pointed out the mediating role of social motivation
Ascertaining the levels of orgasm during sex among women of reproductive age in South-South Nigeria
Full text linkOrgasm is a physiological process in response to sexual activity and it is the peak of sexual pleasure accompany with emotional and physical sensations. In female, attaining orgasm is the peak of their excitation during sexual activity. The aim of this study is to ascertain the levels of orgasm during sex among women of reproductive age in South-South Nigeria. This was a descriptive study involving 250 female of reproductive age who were within the age of 18 to 47 years. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. Each participant had one questionnaire to fill appropriately and independently after instructions were given to them by the Research Assistants. The study lasted for a period of 3 months (June to August, 2024). Exclusion criteria were those women that have not attain reproductive age. Inclusion criteria are women that have once experienced or not experienced orgasms. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 26 and P value < 0.05 was considered significant. The study reveals that 68.00% of the participants have difficulty in reaching orgasm during sex, 68.00% do not experienced orgasm, 68.00% do not re-gain orgasm again after resolution, 66.00% agreed that orgasm encourage them to have sex, 60.00% said orgasm promote bonding with their sexual partner, For stimulating parts: 4.00% is by touching the vagina, 40.00% is by touching clitoris, 40.00% by touching breast nipple, while 4016.00% is by having sex, 60.00% do not experienced lubrication, 60.00% had 1 round of orgasm before resolution, 12.00% had 2 orgasm, 8.00% had 3 orgasm, 20.00% had multiple orgasm
THE POLYNOMIALS [ n.. Knots–FIGURES ] EDGE - POINTS VIBRATION & M-GEOMETRY
Full text linkThe Interactions :
One of the most important concept in Geometry is distance , which is the Quanta in E-geometry , while in Material-Geometry the composition of Opposite , where the Material - Point is the Quanta in Chemistry and Physics. As in Algebra Zero , 0, is the Master-key number for all Positive and Negative numbers and this because their sum and multiplication becomes zero, and the same on any coordinate-System where ± axes pass from zero. In PNS Space , The Rolling of the Positive ⊕ constituent on the Negative Θ constituent , creates the Neutral Material Point which Equilibrium . Angular-Momentum is identical with Spin and consists the First-Discrete-Energy-Monad which occupies , Discrete Value and Direction , in contradiction to the Point which is Nothing , Dimensionless and without any Direction .
Quaternions [(+)(⊕∪⊖)(-)] ≡ Box BR =AB carries the Principal stress σA , σB between Points A(+), B(-) which σ , as Centripetal-acceleration is the minimum Energy becoming from the in-storage AB acceleration and is equal to the Gravity Force g. [108 – 110] . Because of the Revolving and Periodic acceleration of Gravity g ≡ ± σ exists as the First Energy-Box-BR , while in the Second Box BP is followed the Local-Extreme-case where Gravity g ≡ ± σ , and is altered Locally by changing the Principal-stress σ with Local-uniform-Pressure → gL ≡ gk = g . [Force/Area] = G ← i.e. the minimum Local - Energy acceleration is the known , Universal Gravitational-constant G = g k = kEG = kL σ , such for Macrocosm and for Microcosm , Obeying the Newton`s Laws of motion . G ⊥ σ
This Energy in Hydrogen-Cave as E-M, Conductor ≡ Edge Points Vibration ≡ The Pin of Atom → Plug Into their Sockets, which are the Orbit – Bracket–Hooks ≡ The Hands of Atoms ← i.e. The Atoms Plug with their Pins into the other Atoms-Drains = Holes, and so Bond and carry Informations .
This Resonance frequency of Hydrogen is Common to all Atoms and to all Compounds in this Cosmos. The Energy-Quaternion W, ????, Monad-Magnitudes exist as DUAL- Nature for Any { ⊕ , Θ }, { Position , Motion }; { Universe , Black-Holes }; { Gravity ∧Antigravity}, {Action → ← Reaction}, Edge Points Vibration creating Electric = [⊕] and Magnetic = [Θ] Forces as [⊕↔Θ] , The Light and others. The STPL- Line Conductors on the [STPL]-Mechanism, are the Physical-Rotors for the Origination of the Cosmic –Particles which transfer Informations as the Signals - Spectrum. [110]
From Mechanics-Physics , all Systems Possessing Elasticity ≡ motion and Reaction to the motion , the called mass , are capable of free vibration or vibration ≡ Periodic - motion taking Place in the Absence of External Excitation. This Principle issues for Both Systems Closed {The Atoms Nucleus} or Open Systems {The Orbitals}. For instance , In order that shifting of an u-d-Quarks from an Anti-Proton into a Proton , the Spin-Pair requires extra input of Energy (in MeV) , so that would the Proton Paired with a Neutron be Stable. transfer Informations as the Signals . Vibration in a cave Δ , means the Wave Pattern .
Cave–Spin- Spin-S̅ of PNS Space is S̅= r m ∇ and is the first Monad occupying 4-Spaces, i.e.
a. The n - Spaces of Monad S̅ are the Polygons Sⁿ with n =1 ≈ ∞ Knots ,
b. The n Anti-Spaces of Monad - S̅ are the Polygons - Sⁿ with n=1≈ ∞ Knots ,
c.. Sub-Spaces of Monad ≡ ± n = 1 to ∞ √5 are the Polygons with n = 1 ≈ ∞ Knots
All n-Regular Polygons end to equations of n-degree Segment, by finding a suitable value of the Segment x, That is we have in the general case to solve one or two equations of the form:
A·R0·xn – B·R2·xn–2 + C·Rn–6·x3 – D·Rn–4·x2 + E·Rn–2·x1 – F·Rn·x0 = 0
for The Even Polygons, and
A·R2·xn–2 – B·Rn–2·xn–3 + C·R2(n–4)·x3 – D·R2(n–3)·x2 + E·R2(n–2)·x1 – F·R2(n–1)·x0 = 0
for The Odd Polygons, where A, B, C, D are constants.
The Presented Geometrical method is the solution of the above equation in the general case. Because the nth-degree-equations are → the Vertices (n) and the Sides (an = λn) of the n-Polygon in circle ← number π, is their common Mould. [62].
The Natural Mechanism Continuously Originates the Elementary Particles and Compounds, Atoms and Molecules with the One Action from Opposite. Article [111] encloses many Paragraphs of [110], in order to Distinguish and Prove the Way of Energy and the Stresses-Paths in the Spaces.
For the Regular Polygons is given such the Geometrical Solution as well the Algebraic.
[106] = Programming the Atoms and Compounds, is an Program which solves the Problem of the n-Knots Figures and gives the Energy Spectrum of any Complex-Forced-Vector.
Article [114] an Way of Deceptioning the Cells is prepared
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER (CEO) ATTRIBUTES AND FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY OF LISTED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThe study aimed to examine the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) attributes and the financial reporting quality of listed commercial banks in Nigeria. To achieve this, research questions and hypotheses were formulated based on two specific objectives. Relevant concepts and empirical literature were reviewed, and the study was anchored on trade-off theory. Secondary data were collected from the financial records of 11 commercial banks in Nigeria, and Probit regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The analysis revealed that chief executive officer gender diversity significantly affects financial reporting quality, with a computed value of 10.14 and a P value of 0.0015. In contrast, chief executive officer tenure showed an F-stat of 0.12 with a P value of 0.7345, indicating an insignificant relationship with financial reporting quality. Consequently, the study recommends that banks assess their corporate culture to promote diversity and inclusion, while not placing undue emphasis on CEO tenure, as it does not affect financial reporting quality
DETERMINANTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF WORKING CAPITAL, RETAINED EARNINGS, EBIT AND VALUE OF EQUITY
Full text linkThis study investigated the determinants of Research and Development (R&D) investment among listed non-financial firms in Nigeria, focusing on the roles of Working Capital (WC), Retained Earnings (RE), Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT), and Value of Equity (VOE). Employing an ex-post facto research design, the study analyzed secondary panel data from 55 firms over six years (2018–2023). The panel-corrected regression technique is utilized to examine the relationship between financial variables and R&D expenditure. Results reveal a statistically significant model (Wald χ² = 196.62, p < 0.001) explaining 6.8% of the variation in R&D investment. The findings indicate that WC and EBIT negatively impact R&D investment, suggesting firms with higher liquidity and operating earnings may prefer short-term financial stability over uncertain innovation spending. Conversely, RE and Return on Assets (ROA) positively influence R&D, underscoring the importance of profitability and internal funding in driving innovation activities. VOE exhibits a negative relationship with R&D, reflecting shareholder risk aversion to investment uncertainty. These findings align with prior studies emphasizing the nuanced financial and market factors shaping firms’ innovation strategies. The study concludes that both operational performance and market valuation critically affect R&D investment decisions. It recommends that firms balance liquidity management with long-term innovation goals while encouraging policies that promote reinvestment of earnings into R&D. Enhancing investor confidence through transparency and risk mitigation is also essential to support sustainable innovation and economic growth in Nigeria