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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION DISCLOSURES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study examined the relationship between greenhouse gas emission disclosures and financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria. However, the specific objectives were to evaluate the relationship between emission intensity disclosure and financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria, to examine the relationship between energy efficiency disclosure and financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria, to determine the relationship between renewable energy consumption disclosure and financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria, to analyze the relationship between carbon footprint disclosure and financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria and to investigate the relationship between emission trends disclosure and financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design and utilized a panel data of seventy (70) pooled observations gathered from seven (7) listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria over ten (10)-year period (2015-2024). The study however employed a panel multiple regression technique to analyze the data via E-views 10.0 statistical package. The study findings revealed that emission intensity disclosure has a significant negative relationship (Coeff. = -0.000619, p-value = 0.0088) with financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria, energy efficiency disclosure has no significant relationship (p-value = 0.3780) with financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria, renewable energy consumption disclosure has a significant negative relationship (Coeff. = -0.069355, p-value = 0.0460) with financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria while carbon footprint disclosure has no significant relationship (p-value = 0.1095) with financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria. It also revealed that emissions trend disclosure has a significant positive relationship (Coeff. = 0.085349, p-value = 0.0099) with financial performance of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria. It was thus concluded that greenhouse gas emission disclosures have a significant relationship with financial performance of pharmaceutical firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX). The recommendations made included that pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria should prioritize reducing their emission intensity, as high emission intensity is negatively associated with financial performance. This can be achieved by implementing energy-efficient practices, investing in cleaner production technologies, and adopting sustainable supply chain practices
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and Its Role in Global Trade
Full text linkThe African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is a landmark initiative aimed at boosting intra-African trade and positioning Africa as a formidable force in global trade. This advocacy paper explores the implications of AfCFTA for global trade, analyzing the benefits, challenges, and strategic pathways for enhancing Africa's economic integration and competitiveness. With insights from economic theories and empirical studies, the paper underscores AfCFTA’s potential to reshape Africa’s trade landscape and its interactions with global markets. The study concluded that despite the challenges of AfCFTA, its successful implementation could unlock significant economic opportunities, attract foreign investments, and boost Africa’s industrialization. Amongst others, the study recommended that African governments must prioritize investments in roads, railways, ports, and energy to enhance trade efficiency. Also, they should streamline trade policies, customs regulations, and tariff structures across member states is essential for seamless trade
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK DISCLOSURES AND MARKET VALUE OF LISTED CONSUMER GOODS FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Full text linkEnvironmental risk disclosures is the practice of companies transparently reporting on the potential environmental risks associated with their operations, products, or services, including climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and other ecological impacts. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between environmental risk disclosures and market value of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. This study adopted an ex-post facto research design. The population of this study comprised of all consumer goods firms listed on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX), i.e from 2014 to 2023. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the required sample for this study. The study adopted panel multiple regression to analyze data via Eviews 10.0. Finding of the study revealed among others, that Carbon emission disclosure has a significant positive relationship (Coeff. = 0.0238{0.0048}) with market capitalization of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria; The study concluded that firms that disclose more information about their environmental risks and management practices tend to have higher market value, possibly due to increased transparency and stakeholder trust. It was recommended that lsted consumer goods firms in Nigeria should prioritize carbon emission disclosure by implementing robust measurement and reporting systems to track their greenhouse gas emissions and Firms should integrate biodiversity conservation into their sustainability strategies and disclose their biodiversity impact in their annual reports
SUSTAINABILITY DISCLOSURE PRACTICE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF QUOTED PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Full text linkTriggered by the persistent high inflationary trend among other fierce dynamic business environments that characterize the Nigerian business landscape, the study examines the effects of sustainability disclosures on the financial performance of quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Community development cost disclosure, employee welfare cost disclosure and environmental protection cost disclosure are the dimensions of the predictor variable while return on assets and profit after tax measure financial performance. Panel regression analysis techniques with the aid E-views were employed to estimate the residuals of the econometric models for multi-year period on audited annual reports of the pharmaceutical firms. The results show that disclosing Community Development Costs, Employee Welfare Costs, and Environmental Protection Costs has a positive and statistically significant effect on Return on Assets and profit after tax, implying that sustainable investments improve asset utilization efficiency in the pharmaceutical sector. Similarly, Community Development Cost Disclosure and Employee Welfare Cost Disclosure have a positive and substantial impact on profit after tax, although Environmental Protection Cost Disclosure, related positively but insignificantly. The study concludes that investing in sustainability disclosures has a significant effect on the financial performance of Nigerian publicly traded pharmaceutical companies. It is recommended that pharmaceutical firms' management teams incorporate sustainability disclosure practices into their business models because they significantly increase profit after tax and return on assets, whereas environmental investment disclosures ensure long-term competitive advantage, regulatory compliance, and public trust. Furthermore, regulatory authorities should strengthen sustainability disclosure required indices for the pharmaceutical industry to adopt for consistent reporting, as well as providing incentives such as tax credits or green finance to encourage acceptable practice. The pharmaceutical business in a developing market revealed that sustainability disclosures serve not only as ethical imperatives but also as strategic financial performance levers, which is why comprehensive reporting is sought
Vision and Vulnerability: A Critical Review of Ocular Challenges and Their Implication on Adolescent Reproductive Health
Full text linkAdolescents with visual impairments face significant yet underexplored barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and information. This review examines how ocular challenges influence SRH outcomes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Causes of visual impairment, such as refractive errors, cataract, infections, glaucoma, trauma, and congenital conditions, can reduce independence, affect relationship, heighten vulnerability to abuse, and complicate menstrual hygiene management. Limited accessibility of SRH content, stigma, and poor digital inclusivity further deepen these disparities. Innovative responses include inclusive SRH education in Braille and audio formats, peer-led models, assistive technologies, and cross-sectoral collaborations across health, education, and social services. However, major gaps remain in disability-disaggregated data and SRH research for adolescents with ocular disabilities. A rights-based, intersectional approach, guided by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), is vital to ensure visually impaired adolescents are not left behind in SRH progress
ATTITUDE OF STUDENT TEACHERS TOWARDS TEACHING PRACTICE EXERCISE IN DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, ABRAKA
Full text linkThis study was carried out to investigate the attitude of student teachers towards the teaching practice exercise carried out in the Faculty of Education, Delta State University, Abraka. Five (5) research questions and three (3) null hypotheses were raised to provide focus for the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in carrying out the research while the availability sampling technique was employed in selecting one hundred and sixty (160) students from eight (8) Departments who were on teaching practice in the 2022/2023 academic session. The main instrument used for data collection consisted of a 40 - items questionnaire which served as an instrument for both the 300 Level and 400 Level students. Both descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test) were used to analyse the data collected through the administration of the research instrument. A careful analysis of the data revealed that: students’ attitude towards teaching practice in Delta State University is generally positive; there was no statistically significant difference between the attitudes of male and female student teachers towards teaching practice; lastly, there was no statistically significant difference in attitude between the 300 Level and 400 Level student teachers towards teaching practice. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that; Faculties of Education should have microteaching laboratories to help student teachers preparing for teaching practice acquire the rudimentary skills required for effective teaching and that teaching practice handbook should be made available to guide the students to have a uniform method of writing lesson plans and lesson notes. Moreover, rules and regulations of teaching practice should be outlined in the handbook provided to enable students have successful teaching practice exercise
DOMESTIC DEBT FUNDING ELEMENTS AND PUBLIC WORKS EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study examined the relationship that subsist between Domestic Debt Funding Elements and Public works Expenditure in Nigeria for the period under study (1987 - 2023), utilizing secondary data. Treasury Bills (TB), Treasury Certificates (TC) and Development Stock (DS) are explanatory variables while Public Works Sector Expenditure (PWE) is the dependent variables used to measure Domestic Borrowings in Nigeria for the period under review. From the result of the study all employed variables on the model are stationary at first difference and exhibited a long-run relationship. From the output of model, it was discovered that all employed variables are positive and statistically significant. but treasury certificate was positive and insignificant to public works sector expenditure. We therefore recommended that Government should source for more funds with treasury certificates in other to have the needed suitable funds for infrastructural financing and chunk of domestic borrowing should be deployed to this sub-sector to ensure adequate supervision as well as monitoring and maintenance of public utilities. Finally, government should make known to the public the benefits of domestic borrowing as it leads to economic development
MAPPING SOCIAL FAULT LINES
Full text linkNigeria’s development trajectory over the past six decades has been characterized by vast human and natural resource endowments paradoxically coexisting with widespread poverty, entrenched inequality, and uneven socio-economic progress. This paper examines the structural fault lines that shape poverty and inequality in Nigeria and interrogates the persistent failure of growth patterns to translate into broad-based social welfare. Drawing from empirical data, interdisciplinary social-science literature, and global development frameworks, the study critically analyzes the economic, political, demographic, and institutional drivers of exclusion. It argues that Nigeria’s growth model historically consumption-driven, resource-dependent, and structurally unequal has produced a development paradox where economic expansion coexists with worsening multidimensional poverty. Grounded in social-justice theory, political-economy approaches, and human-development perspectives, the article maps key vulnerabilities embedded in governance structures, regional disparities, class stratification, gender inequalities, youth unemployment, and the urban-rural divide. The study proposes a multidimensional agenda for inclusive growth rooted in institutional reform, equitable distribution, social protection, climate-responsive policies, human-capital investment, and participatory governance. It concludes that a new Nigeria requires not merely economic expansion, but a complete restructuring of development pathways that place human welfare at the center of national transformation
Glycemic and Biochemical Effects of Phytosterol in Female Wistar Rats
Full text linkPhytosterols are like cholesterol and maintain structural components of plant cell membrane. The present study aims to investigate the glycemic and biochemical effects of phytosterol using Wistar rats as experimental models. Fifteen (15) female Wistar rats were divided randomly into three (3) groups, each consisting of five (5) rats. Group I served as control and rats in this group were administered distilled water. Groups II and III served as the treatment groups and received 1000 and 2000mg/kg body weight of phytosterol respectively. Phytosterol was orally administered daily for twenty-eight (28) days in the morning hours (8-9am daily). During the study, serum blood glucose level was determined twice via tail vein puncture technique: firstly, before the administration of phytosterol (pre-treatment blood glucose: Day 0); secondly, at the end of the study (post-treatment blood glucose: Day 29). At the end of treatment, (Day 29), blood samples were collected via direct cardiac puncture and stored in lithium heparin tubes for analysis of biochemical indices. Findings from this study indicate that phytosterol treatment resulted in a significant and dose dependent decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and malondialdehyde levels in the experimental groups relative to control (p < 0.05). Conversely, a significant and dose dependent increase was observed in the mean animal weight, high-density lipoprotein, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase concentrations among the experimental rats compared to control (p<0.05). Evidence from this study suggests that phytosterol treatment lowers blood glucose level, decrease lipid profile and basal oxidative stress markers by decreasing glycemic indices, cardiovascular risks and oxidative disruptions. This effect is probably achieved via beta cell stimulation and decreased reactive oxygen species radicals
DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF 3.5KVA SOLAR POWERED SYSTEM
Full text linkSolar energy less significant threat to human health, as well as the greenhouse effect and high maintenance costs of power generation systems. The study focused on designing and implementing a low-cost solar power inverter system with DC batteries that could supply 230V AC when completed. The design's operating principle is that when the sun shines on the photovoltaic cells, the cells convert the solar energy into a DC volt, which is then utilized to charge the battery via the charger controller, which regulates the charge. The inverter is powered by a battery that is attached to it. The inverter converts DC electricity from the battery to AC voltage, which may then be used to power appliances in the various departments when the installation is completed. The output voltage is shown on an LCD as an extra function. Finally, the designed system circuit was thoroughly tested and found to operate admirably. It will be able to accomplish the above functions properly at the end of this project. The performance of the 3.5KVA solar-powered system has been satisfactory, and it is performing as expected