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Exploring the Effectiveness of Healthcare Expenditure in Reducing Maternal Mortality in Nigeria
Get PDFThe high rate of maternal mortality and the need to improve on healthcare delivery necessitated the imperativeness to investigate how healthcare spending (both government and private) affect mortality among women in Nigeria between 1981 and 2022. Time series data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), World Development Indicator (WDI) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) were employed as techniques for data analysis and the results revealed that government budgetary allocation to the health sector has significant negative impact on women mortality rate. This explains the effectiveness of public healthcare spending in improving the health status of women. The results further revealed that private sector spending is not significant in reducing the mortality among women. This could be linked to the low of out-of-pocket healthcare spending which limits its potentials in reducing women mortality level. Given the findings, this study recommended among others for the implementation of an expansionary fiscal policy to improve government spending on health sector, and in so doing reduce mortality among women in Nigeria
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ON AGRICULTURE: CAROB SEED GERMINATION
Get PDFThere is a direct relationship between climate change and carob seed germination, particularly in areas where carob is native, such as Libya. It is important to study the germination process and response of carob seeds to the anticipated temperature increase. Information regarding the general effects of rising global temperatures on seed germination is currently scarce. By investigating the ecophysiology of germination performance in carob, a sclerophyllous Mediterranean species, this work seeks to close this information gap. The study concentrated on a wild carob genotype that was cultivated in Balagrae, Al-Bayda, in the Libyan region of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar. The primary goals were to examine the germination responses of seeds from various individual trees at the same site and evaluate the impact of anticipated temperature change on carob seed germination characteristics. This study is the first to document the relationship between temperature rise in the Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region and carob seed germination. However, given the eco-physiological features, more investigation is required to completely comprehend how carob seed germination reacts to projected temperature rise on a bigger scale. The consequences of rising global temperatures on seed germination in general are not well understood. We can forecast potential changes in flora as a result of climate change and improve our understanding of C. siliqua's distribution by gathering data on the factors influencing carob seed germination. It is acknowledged that carob is a natural species in the Mediterranean area. It is clear that several tree species with a broad regional distribution, such as carob, have evolved unique geographic variants. These differences correlate with physiological characteristics such growth season duration, photoperiod requirements, and resistance to cold, drought, and illnesses. These mutations have adapted to certain habitats through natural selection throughout time, which makes them less successful when transferred to other ecosystems. Via the seeds, these genetic variations are inherited. In the event that local seeds are unavailable, it is therefore advantageous to use seeds from a source close by or from a region with a comparable climate and latitude. Furthermore, three different trees' seeds from the same site were the subject of our investigation. Expanding the study to include more trees from both the same and different places might be beneficial. As seen by variations in growth rate, wood density, turpentine yield, and other characteristics, even trees of the same species growing near to one another can differ genetically and physiologically. The fact that these characteristics are frequently passed down through seeds to progeny highlights how crucial it is to choose seed trees for nursery planting with care. Superior trees usually produce heterozygous offspring with a variety of advantageous features
The Impact of Capital Structure on Tangible Social Value Added of the Telecommunication Industry in India
Get PDFThis paper aims to examine the impact of Social Value Added (SVA) on capital structure (CS) with respect to top five companies in the Telecommunication Industry in India. The SVA comprises tangible and intangible value created by the firm; however, the present study focuses only on the tangible value added variables for a period of five years from 2015-16 to 2019-20. The data for the study were collected from the annual reports of the respective samplefirms. The study used correlation and regression analysis for studying the impact of CS on SVA. The results showed that there is a significant impact of the CS on SVA of Telecommunication industry in India.
JEL: G32, O35, O1
FRINGE BENEFITS AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE NIGERIAN CIVIL SERVICE: A STUDY OF SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCILS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study investigated the effect of fringe benefits on employee performance. The study focused on civil service employees in selected local government councils in Delta State, Nigeria. Survey research design was used and questionnaire was the major instrument of data collection which was administered to 167 employees of four (4) selected local government councils in Delta State. Two fringe benefits dimensions were used namely; retirement and educational/house allowance benefits. Data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, Pearson correlation); post-estimation statistics (variance inflation factor) and inferential statistics (multiple regression). Findings indicated that retirement fringe benefit positively and significantly influence the level of employee performance (t-value = 8.77; Prob. = 0.0000 < 0.05). It was also found that educational/house allowance fringe benefit positively and significantly influence employee performance (t-value = 6.459; Prob. = 0.0000 < 0.05). On the basis of the findings, it was recommended that the Civil Service Commission should continually provide and accelerate retirement benefits to employees because it would help create a sense of loyalty and enhance their performance and productivity. The commission should review the current educational/house allowance benefit so as to retain talented employees and increase organizational outcomes.
JEL Classification: J26, L32, M54, O1
MOVING BEYOND OIL: TOURISM ECONOMY OPTION AND THE REALITIES OF REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Get PDFPurpose- The oil sector has been the main driver of the Nigerian economy due to its dependence on crude oil revenues.Despite the oil boom, Nigeria is still submerged in uncontainable poverty, and scary unemployment complications. It is against this backdrop that this study scrutinizes the extent integration of tourism economy including, feasible tourism regulatory framework can impact positively to unlocking the Nigerian strangling economy.
Research Methodology- The study been an exploratory study, reviewed various reports and previous literature in this domain study upon which the study made insightful inferences.
Findings- The study finds that tourism economy has the potential to becoming instrument of economic regeneration and stability for Nigeria given its important role in revenue generation, jobs creation, and infrastructure development. Thus, further reveals that Nigeria can only maximise her tourism economy potentials if tourism regulatory framework gear towards environmental sustainability, a secure and safe Nigeria, prioritisation of the tourism sector, and promotion of health and sanitary practices were galvanized.
Research Implications– By establishing the need for economic diversification to tourism economy, thisstudy offers an insight on the need for the government of Nigeria to enforce favourable policy environment that supports tourism business investment.
Originality: This study is the first to verify the connection between tourism economy, tourism regulatoryframework and economy diversification in Nigeria. The study argues that diversifying to and promoting tourism economy has the capacity to remodeling the Nigeria choking economy.
 
Financial management practices of the registered thrift store businesses in Naga City
Get PDFThe study examines the financial management practices of registered thrift businesses in Naga City, aiming to enhance their financial performance and long-term success. The study examines a range of factors significantly impacting financial management. It identifies key factors influencing financial management, such as budget and cash flow management, financial controls, and planning, while the research also addresses challenges faced by thrift stores. The findings led to the creation of "THRIFT: A Financial Management Guide for Thrift Store Owners," a comprehensive resource that offers strategies, tools, templates, and practical tips to improve financial management and promote sustainability within these businesses
Prospect towards online advertising of cosmetics in Naga City
Get PDFThe rapid growth of the internet and digital marketing has transformed advertising, allowing businesses, organizations, and individuals to reach their target audiences in the digital space. This study examines customer perceptions of online advertising, the challenges faced by cosmetic business owners, the most commonly used platforms, and the factors influencing consumer trust and purchasing decisions. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research gathers quantitative data from 120 cosmetic customers through online surveys and qualitative insights from face-to-face interviews with 30 local businesses. Statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, rankings, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Chi-square were employed. The results reveal a growing preference for social media advertising, especially on platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, due to their interactive features and precise demographic targeting. However, challenges remain, including digital literacy gaps and consumer skepticism regarding product authenticity. The findings of the study suggest that while cosmetic brands in Naga City have significant opportunities to benefit from online advertising, success depends on addressing information gaps and fostering consumer awareness through effective, ethical, and sustainable advertising practices. This research proposes an educational marketing campaign to enhance consumer awareness of cosmetic products
Blood Indices and Levels of Erythropoietin in Cystic Kidney Disease
Get PDFBackground: The mature kidneys are the primary organs that secrete erythropoietin (EPO), a sialo-glycoprotein hormone that is released in response to tissue hypoxia and a decrease in red cell mass. It causes the blood marrow to produce more erythrocytes.
Objectives: To estimate haemoglobin and EPO in blood and cystic fluid in patients with renal cysts.
Methodology: The 60 participants in this case-control study were 30 individuals (30–60 years old) who visited the urology department of Alhawari General Hospital in Benghazi, Libya, in 2020 and had renal cysts. Furthermore, thirty healthy individuals, matched for age and gender, were selected as controls (ages 29–58). We measured blood urea, creatinine, and haemoglobin. ELISA was used to estimate EPO in serum and cystic fluid.
Results: Patients with renal cysts had mean serum EPO and urea values of 29.7±7 m U/ml and 7.2±1.3 m mole/l, respectively. These values were substantially higher than those of the control group, which had mean values of 6.2±4.3 m U/ml and 4.4±1.1 m mole/l, respectively, P < 0.05. Patients diagnosed with renal cysts had significantly lower haemoglobin levels (11.2±0.6 and 13.2±1.3 gm/dl, respectively) than the control group (P < 0.05). The amount of EPO in the cystic fluid was 15 times more than that in serum.
Conclusion: According to this study, erythropoietin does not penetrate blood from cystic fluid in individuals with renal cysts, and more research is needed to determine the amount of erythropoietin in cystic fluid
Deployment of Instructional Materials and Spatial Distribution of Teachers for Teaching Upper Basic Social Studies in Delta State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe paper examined deployment of instructional materials and spatial distribution of teachers for teaching Upper Basic Social Studies in Delta State, Nigeria. The paper x-rayed how instructional materials being used by teachers enhance the teaching and learning of Social Studies. The paper made use of secondary data in the evaluation of variables of instructional material and spatial distribution of social studies teachers at the Upper Basic level of the state. A conceptual model by Live Tiles was adopted for the study. The emphasis of this model to this investigation is that it lays more light on the benefit inherent in teacher-led-instruction, increased students interaction and engagement, group work and projects and quality learning time, amongst others. The study discovered that deployment of instructional materials varies based on location, as the urban are more favorably placed to have modern and up-to-date instructional material for the smooth teaching and learning of the subject while the reverse is the case with the rural areas under investigation. Conclusively, the study discovered that teachers are still favourable to the use of out-dated instructional material as against the modern once that has the capacity to enhance and improve learning outcome amongst students; and also, where instructional materials are available, the teacher with the relevant expertise to deploy it for academic purposes are not available, especially at the rural area giving impetus to the uneven distribution of social studies teachers on the basis of urban and rural dichotomy
School Plant Planning and Students’ Academic Achievements in Public Secondary Schools in Delta State
Get PDFThis study examined school plants planning and students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in Delta State. Four (4) research questions were raised and answered while four (4) null hypotheses were formulated and tested in the study. The variables in the study were reviewed from relevant literature. This research is a correlational study of ex-post facto design and the population consists of all the 479 public secondary school principals and 14,877 teachers in the twenty five (25) Local Government Areas of Delta State. The sample used for this study consists of 50 principals and 1,490 teachers in Delta State public secondary schools selected from 12 Local Government Areas. This represented 10% of the total population (principals and teachers) while 12 Local Government Areas represent 50% of the 25 Local Government Areas. The sampling procedure used was stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used for the study was a self developed questionnaire titled “School Plant Planning and Students’ Academic Achievement Questionnaire and checklist titled “Students Achievement Checklist”.”The instrument was administered with the help of two trained research assistants in the various secondary schools sampled for the study. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions, while Pearson Product Moment Correlational Statistics was used in testing the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that pattern of school plant planning differs from one location to another, school facilities have not been equitably distributed to schools. It also revealed that urban schools are more advantageous when it comes to the pattern of distribution facilities and rural schools are marginalized in distribution pattern. Based on the findings, it was concluded that pattern of school plant planning differs from one location to another, school facilities have not been equitably distributed to schools, urban schools are more advantageous when it comes to the pattern of distribution facilities and rural schools are marginalized in distribution pattern. The following recommendation were made that there should be equity in distribution of school facilities to schools as a pattern of school plant planning.There should be proper planning of school site, buildings, equipments, transport, furniture, books, electrical infrastructure, water supply infrastructure, accessories relate to students’ academic achievement. Educational planners should use the right personnel for school plant planning