International Journal of Scientific and Academic Research (IJSAR)
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Exploring the Genesis, Nature, Etymology and Efficacy of Austerity Policies: Drawing Lessons for Austerity Policy Initiatives in Africa
No full textThis article presents a diagnosis of the concept of austerity and its evolution as a policy tool in public affairs in a bid to sniff out sustainable factors for the implementation of austerity policies in Africa and beyond. To this end, experiences in Greece, the three European Baltics, Portugal, Italy, Argentina and Spain were reviewed to draw lessons for Zimbabwe and Africa in general. The term austerity, whose intellectual roots lie in neo-classical school of economics, denotes economy, frugality, thriftiness, stinginess, prudence in the use of resources by an individual, corporate or nation. Austerity becomes a national policy where governments create restrictive and difficult economic conditions in order to revive economies in crises by cutting public expenditure, debt and deficits. In recent years, austerity policies have become the dominant global wisdom for solving economic and fiscal stress. Cuts in social welfare budgetary allocations, cuts and freezing of posts in the public service and state enterprises—generally characterise countries under austerity policies. For austerity policies to be effective, the article proposes an interplay of factors such as strong political will, buy-in and ownership of the policy by business, labour and civic society; bailouts to support the reform; strong regulatory frameworks for the supervision and surveillance of the banking and financial services sector towards market stability; institutional policy consistency and coherence, and embedded institutional fiscal discipline, among others
Duty Related Stress and Work Productivity Among University Lecturers in Cross River State, Nigeria
No full textThe main thrust of this study was to determine how duty-related stress influences work productivity among University lecturers in Cross River State. To achieve the purpose of this study, one hypothesis was formulated. The ex-post facto research design was adopted in selecting a sample of nine hundred and fifty-two teachers who were randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the simple random sampling technique. A well-validated questionnaire with a split-half reliability estimate of 0.84 was the major source for data collection. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was adopted to test the hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that duty content and workload significantly relate to work productivity among University lecturers
Evaluation and Characterization of Wastewater from Tannery industries and their Impact on Water Quality of the Receiving River, Ethiopia
No full textTannery industries are heavy source of pollution of water body. The objective of this research is to evaluate the current status of physico-chemical properties of tannery wastewater from tannery industries concentrated in Mojo town and their impact on water quality of Mojo River. Accordingly, from seven tanneries, effluents at outlet channel, river water and sediments were collected. Physico- chemical parameters and chromium in samples were analyzed. The results revealed in the ranges of PH (5.85 – 12.04) , TDS (3412 - 4660 mg/L), TSS (158.5 -2162.5.5 mg/L), PO4-3 (0.1 – 0.9 mg/L), SO4-2 (456 – 912 mg/L), NH3-N (31.5 – 358.2 mg/L), NO3− (97.4 – 121.3 mg/L), COD (718 -2380.5 mg/L), BOD5 (706 -2276 mg/L), Cl- (560.9 - 4779 mg/L), S-2(6.4 – 136.1 mg/L) and Phenol (4.3 – 11.7 mg/L). The study also revealed that the concentrations of chromium ranged from ND - 23.43 mg/L, 0.12- 1.6 mg/L and 60.1- 264 mg/Kg in effluents, river water and sediments respectively. The mean value of TDS, TSS, SO42−, NO3− Cl−, ammonia, sulfide, BOD5, COD in wastewater and river water were above the standard of Ethiopian tannery effluent disposal limits and WHO respectively and Cr in friendship tannery effluents and river water at site MS02 and LS01, were also above the standard of Ethiopian tannery effluent disposal limits and WHO standard permissible limits. Similarly, the level of Cr at downstream of river sediment was higher as compared to the standard of USEPA sediment quality guidelines. Generally, this study indicated that the river was polluted by the direct discharge of tannery wastewater. Therefore, discharging of tannery effluents without treatment is worse for the aquatic environment. The researchers had the inference that the tannery industries can adopt the best available technology and management practice before they discharge their effluents into the receiving water body
Peanuts to Teachers Understanding of the Practicability of Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Associated Instrument and its Classroom Application
No full textThe research study x-rayed peanuts (areas that looks too common but very important) to the teachers understanding of the practicability of the taxonomy of educational objectives, associated instrument and its classroom application with an emphasis on Benjamin Blooms (1956), Lorin Anderson, David Krathwohl, and Simpson (1972) taxonomy of educational objectives. This study became paramount because most teachers do not see the need to fully utilize the taxonomy of education in their assessment of students. This underscores the need for quality education to any society that wants to compete intellectually in this global village cannot be compromised with. This means that for quality to be maintained there must be a well-stated taxonomy of the intended objectives also referred to as educational domains (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor). To this end, the teachers understanding of the practicability of the taxonomy of educational objectives, associated instruments and its classroom application in school in Cross River State Nigeria with the emphasis of Bloom's taxonomy has not been fully understood by most teachers in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. This is because most teachers are ill-trained on how to apply these educational domains in measuring, assessing, and evaluating students learning outcomes. It is also alarming to say that most teachers do not know when and how to apply the taxonomy of educational objectives in the course of classroom assessment and evaluation of students. The present paper has pinpointed peanut (salient) areas teachers should understand in the domains of learning and how to apply them with their relevant dimensions as applicable in education
The Indispensable Role of Guidance and Counseling as a Veritable Tool for Re-Cultivating Academic Integrity in Tertiary Institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria
No full textThe study examined the indispensable role of Guidance and Counseling as a veritable tool for re-cultivating academic integrity in tertiary institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria. Two research questions and hypotheses were utilized. The survey design was adopted; since the study was concerned with determining the opinion of respondents in the study area. The population was 11765 and a sample size of 603 respondents, which comprises 251 males and 352 female students were randomly selected from one federal institution and one state-owned institution. The instrument for data collection was a 4-point Likert questionnaire titled Counseling as a veritable tool for re-cultivating academic integrity questionnaire (CVRAIQ) which consists of 30 items and ranged from Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. The instrument was validated by experts in measurement and evaluation the reliability co-efficient ranged from 0.91- 0.97. The findings revealed that the level of academic integrity among students in tertiary institutions is low. In addition, it was revealed that if guidance services are properly utilized in tertiary institutions it would help to curb the menace of academic dishonesty. It was recommended that tertiary institutions should instill good morals, values and maintain high academic integrity through the utilization of guidance and counseling
Economic Globalization and Organizational Performance in Nigeria: A Conceptual Review
No full textGlobal changes in economic and business activities have propelled strategic alliances among countries aimed at expanding markets across the globe. This requires catalysts such as Foreign Direct Investment, international trade, and diffusion of technology which are driven by emerging investment policy to serve as predominant factors for improved business performance in Nigeria. Qualitative research was adopted to elicit relevant information which reveals that globalization is a measure to open Nigeria’s economy through a structural adjustment program for international markets. International trade breeds the exchange of raw materials and products between nations as a result of the interchange of products and services. Foreign trade impacts the GDP growth of the country. Diffusion of technology aids in spreading innovation across economies for improves business performance through disseminating technical information, know-how, and adopting new techniques and technologies by diverse users of the product and processes. Privatization promotes FDI which involves the transfer of state-owned enterprises either partly or completely managed by companies or individuals. Nigeria is a market for FDI based on economic liberation policy, Public-Private-Partnership (PPP), and other strategic alliances with multinational companies. It concludes that economic globalization connects different parts of the world to take advantage of lower labor costs in developing economies; leverage technical expertise and experience from the developed world
School Environment and Sports Participation of Secondary School Students in Cross River State, Nigeria
No full textThe main thrust of this study was to investigate the school environment and sports participation of secondary school, students in Cross River State, Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. A sample of one thousand three hundred and ninety-three (1,393) respondents was randomly selected for the study. The questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Simple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis under study. The hypothesis was tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that the school environment significantly influenced the sports participation of secondary school students in Cross River State, Nigeria. It was recommended, therefore, that relevant authorities should ensure that school premises are adequately provided with relevant facilities and equipment that would promote better participation in sports among students in Cross River State
The Role of Village Facilitators in Community Empowerment: Study on the Implementation of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages in Waghete 1 Village, Tigi District, Deiyai Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia
No full textThe existence of a rule or policy made by the government is an effort to build and achieve prosperity. To achieve this prosperity, the policy must be carried out properly. For this reason, the government enacted Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. For community development and empowerment. Then set forth in the Village Ministry Regulation No.3 of 2015 concerning the existence of Village Assistants to assist village officials in building a more advanced and independent village community. Village assistants are tasked with overseeing development from the planning, implementation and supervision stages. creating a participatory development process and empowering the community. Currently, community empowerment carried out by Village Facilitators has been running for 5 years. Based on this background, with 5 informants, namely the Deiyai Regency Village Community Empowerment Service (DPMK), District / Subdistrict Assistants, Village / Village Facilitators. The data collection techniques used are 1). In-depth interviews, 2). Documentation, 3). Observations. The research focus in this study is the implementation of government policies in community empowerment through the role of Village Facilitators
Mathematical Modeling on Unbalanced Transportation problem for Solid Waste Management for the Reduction of Cost: Case of Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia
No full textMunicipal Solid Waste management services in Jimma city starts with collection by vehicles with a loading capacity of eight cubic meters and 52 metallic containers for waste storage and next stage is transportation to the existing dumping sites and disposal. However this collected waste did not transport to the dump early due to lacke of budget. This study have a great importance to reduces cost of transportation for solid waste. The required data for this study were collected from various research articles conducted and from Jimma town kebeles. Unbalanced transportation Problem is used to obtain the basic optimal feasible solution. The result of the study answers the question that, which kebele solid waste transported to which disposal site
Herbage Yield Evaluation of Desho Grass (Pennisetum Pedicellatum L)Lines under Rain Fed Condition at Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia
No full textThis experiment was undertaken at Sinana Agricultural Research center. The aim of the research was to select the best herbage yielding Desho grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum L.) among the four ecotypes. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications was used. The result revealed that the agronomic performance of height and dry matter yield in ton per hectare were not significantly varied (p>0.05). Other parameters such as the number of tillers per plant and stem thickness differed significantly (P<0.05) between four Desho grass ecotypes. Despite, the dry matter yield per hectare was not differed significantly (P>0.05) a large amount of dry matter yield in ton per hectare of 11.88±1.77 was yielded by Areka DZF# 590 ecotype. Moreover, the highest plant high (45.75±6cm) was obtained on Areka DZF# 590 and the highest number of tillers per plant (206.30±17.68) was observed on Kindu Kosha DZF# 589. Therefore, all lines of Desho grasses were well adapted and performed well under Sinana Condition southeast Ethiopia