Harf-o-Sukhan
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Special Economic Zones in Pakistan: A Qualitative Analysis of the Special Economic Zones Act of 2012
Full text linkSpecial Economic Zones (SEZs) are considered a high-yielding strategy for the rapid development of any country due to the success stories of some countries, like China. In the twenty-first century, many developing countries adopted the SEZs policy for quick economic growth. Pakistan is one of them. In SEZs, governments provide various incentives to businessmen and investors that attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), enhance the country’s revenues, help with technology, and also upgrade skills. Pakistan, a developing country in South Asia, adopted the policy of SEZs to develop its economy effectively and paved the way for its fast economic development in 2012. The act is named “SEZ Act of 2012." However, this act has been amended many times according to the requirements of the economy; therefore, the later versions have also been used in this study for detailed analysis. This study focuses on analyzing the SEZs Act of 2012. It particularly focuses on the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions that helped the developers, investors, and the federal and provincial governments establish SEZs and effectively implement SEZ regulations in Pakistan. This study qualitatively analyses the subject under discussion based on the previously available literature. The first section of the study describes the importance of SEZs as a successful policy tool for development by briefly explaining examples from various countries. The second portion explains the details of the SEZ Act of 2012, like institutions their roles, functions, and limits. Finally, the third part defines the later versions of this act to be made to meet the requirements of time
The apprehension of English teachers regarding Single National Curriculum (SNC) of English at Primary level in Multan region: A quantitative study
Full text linkThe government of Pakistan has introduced a Single National Curriculum (SNC) to be followed by all public and private schools nationwide. Private schools must obtain government certificates for their chosen textbooks and use only approved books. Madrassas are also required to adhere to the same textbooks and curriculum as prescribed by the government. In Punjab, training sessions for teachers in both public and private schools have been initiated to ensure effective implementation and desired outcomes. This study aimed to explore English teachers' perceptions of the SNC and its impact on students' and teachers' progress at the primary level, while also unveiling socio-economic disparities within Pakistan's education system. A questionnaire was developed and administered to respondents from primary and high schools in Multan, selected through convenient purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, with strict adherence to research ethics to maintain respondent anonymity. The findings indicated that the SNC has enhanced students' reading and speaking skills, as well as contributed to reducing socio-economic disparities within Pakistan's education system. The SNC ensures equal opportunities for quality education for students across the country, regardless of whether they attend public or private schools. Additionally, the SNC has raised educational standards in madrassas by requiring them to follow the government-prescribed curriculum. Furthermore, the SNC has introduced new dimensions and strategies in teaching the English language, aligning with international teaching trends
INVESTIGATING THE ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF PUNJAB
Full text link This study investigated the students’ attitudes towards co-curricular activities in public secondary schools. The study used quantitative and descriptive survey research methods. The Public Secondary school students from District Bahawalnagar made up the study’s population. The random sampling method was applied in the study. The 15 schools were for male students and 15 were for female students through the modification of online questionnaires for 421 students in randomly selected public secondary schools in District Bahawalnagar. A self-made questionnaire consists of 15 items was developed and used Google platform for collecting the data online. A pilot study and expert opinion were used to evaluate validity. By using Cronbach's alpha, reliability was examined with the use of a Google form, and data was gathered. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statements and various simple statistical tools such as excel computer software to analyze the frequency, percentage, mean standard deviation, cross-tabulation, t-test, etc. The data were tabulated and analyzed using the SPSS version 22. In short, the study shows evidence that the students ‘gender and locality-wise attitudes is positive towards co-curricular activities in schools. Hence, the planning, implementation and evaluation of the co-curricular programs should be a priority in the education curriculum
Examining Collaborative Learning and Involvement as Influential Factors on Students' Learning Performance
Full text linkHigher education institutions are increasingly embracing active learning classrooms as a means of encouraging student participation and engagement in the educational experience. The study aimed to explore the connection between social factors and students' academic performance, as well as how these social elements can facilitate collaborative learning and engagement. The study employed the constructivism theory to observe students' learning habits, and data were collected through surveys administered to university students. Social variables have a positive and significant impact on active cooperative learning and student engagement, according to structural equation modeling (SEM) research. These social characteristics included interaction with classmates and teachers, social presence, and social media use. In turn, these factors positively affected students' performance in the classroom. The findings further supported the use of two-way mediation in this study. It was found that collaborative learning, coupled with interactions with social elements, significantly enhanced student learning activities. As a result, it is advised that online learning be promoted in order to facilitate students' academic advancement inside higher education institutions. The study emphasizes the importance of creating a supportive social environment that fosters collaborative learning and active involvement, resulting in improved academic accomplishment for students
اردو نستعلیق فونٹ اور ای بک
No full textThe cultural and linguistic variety of the area is reflected in the long history of the development of the Urdu typeface. Millions of people in South Asia are native speakers of Urdu, which has its roots in Hindustani. It is recognized as both India's official language and the national language of Pakistan. Nastaſlīq, an attractive script with a flowing elegance, was created by calligraphers in the 14th century for use in Urdu writing. Books written in Arabic are the only ones printed in Nastaliq. This script was employed in legal documents, royal decrees, and official communications. Urdu is now spoken there. Shorthand was employed in private papers or records as well as in letters to write notes in royal courts and later legal courts. Basic literacy for Indians who spoke Urdu consisted of reading and writing khat nastaliq and khat tasbat. Those who wrote in Persian-Arabic script up until the early years of this century thought that a lack of interest in writing was a sign of culture. Or a lack of interest in civilization, a disregard for the reality that culture is a conglomeration of several values. The most useful instrument for Urdu scholars at the moment is an e-book, as the majority of computer programs created for the language cannot handle Urdu for very long. Another name for it is an electronic book. Books that are readable on a computer or mobile device are known as e-books. Digital books won't be able to take the place in conventional books since readers have an emotional connection to paper books and traditional books. Several digital Urdu fonts have been created as a result of technological innovations, helping users to access and use the script on a variety of platforms and devices. These typefaces guarantee compatibility and convenience of usage without sacrificing the authenticity of Urdu calligraphy. Over time, the Urdu font has seen several noteworthy changes in its growth. The Urdu font has evolved to meet the needs of contemporary communication media yet maintaining its rich cultural legacy
اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں گانا و موسیقی کی حرمت ومذمت : تحقیقاتی جائزہ
No full textThis article is written about the sanctity and condemnation of singing and music. Allah Almighty did not create man in vain so that he spends his beautiful and precious life in useless and meaningless activities. The meaning of Allah's statement in the Holy Qur'an is: And I have created the jinn and mankind only that they may worship Me. If a person descends into the river of music, it is obvious that he goes far away from worship. Music is not a favourite practice in Islam, that is why music has been condemned. We are servants and he is our lord, when the lord imposes orders on his servants, what is the right of the servant to refuse to carry out the orders. However, Allah Ta'ala explains to His servants in different ways, and in the same way, He (peace be upon him) has prohibited the Ummah from music and blood and games in different ways on different occasions, so that people refrain from indecent acts. Show both ways, reward and punishment, encourage good deeds again and again and forbid bad deeds, one of the bad deeds is music, which has been mentioned in verses of the Qur'an and countless hadiths about forbidding it
البرھان فی علوم القرآن ميں امام زركشى كا منہج تاليف،مندرجات کتاب ا اور ماخذ و مصادر: تجزیاتی مطالعہا
No full textImam Zarkashi, a renowned scholar of the Islamic tradition, authored the monumental work "Al-Burhan fi Ulum al-Quran," which stands as a comprehensive treatise on the sciences of the Quran. This analysis delves into Imam Zarkashi's life, his scholarly contributions, and the methodology employed in his seminal work. Imam Zarkashi, whose full name is Badr al-Din Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Zarkashi, was born in 766 AH in Cairo, Egypt. His upbringing in a scholarly environment fueled his passion for knowledge from an early age. He received his primary education in Cairo and later pursued higher studies under eminent scholars of his time. The methodology employed by Imam Zarkashi in "Al-Burhan" reflects his meticulous approach to Quranic studies. He begins by establishing the fundamental principles of Quranic interpretation and then proceeds to explore various sciences related to the Quran, including exegesis, linguistics, jurisprudence, and lexicography. Through a systematic arrangement of topics and a comprehensive examination of Quranic sciences, Imam Zarkashi provides readers with a holistic understanding of the Quran and its interpretation. The content of "Al-Burhan" encompasses a wide range of subjects, including the sources of Quranic sciences, the methodology of Quranic interpretation, and the role of linguistic and juristic principles in understanding the Quran. Imam Zarkashi draws upon a vast array of sources, including classical commentaries, linguistic works, and legal treatises, to support his arguments and elucidate complex Quranic concepts. In conclusion, "Al-Burhan fi Ulum al-Quran" stands as a testament to Imam Zarkashi's scholarly acumen and his dedication to the study of the Quran. Through his meticulous methodology, comprehensive content, and extensive use of sources, Imam Zarkashi provides readers with a valuable resource for delving into the depths of Quranic knowledge
فہمِ قرآن اور اسکا تصوراتی اسلوب (منظر کشی) مدنی سورتیں ،ایک جائزہ
No full textThe Quran is the Muslim Scripture, that is to say the scripture of the followers of Islam. It is unique manuscript in all world literatures. This is wisdom of the Quran that no one manuscript meets its challange. It has many styles of dialoauge, storytelling, interrogation, thinking and visulaization etc. These styles help its reader to understand its text and context and specially for Muslim to follow and act upon its teachings and guidance. The visualization style of the Holy Quran is used where the topic of Paradise, Hell, the Day of Jadgement, stories of the Prophets, social events of Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) and some natural phenomenas are discussed.This infographics style are educational and learning graphics that display complex information in an informative and entertrining way. This article delves into the essence of Quranic visulaization, emphasizing the significance of understanding Medinain chapters in the broader context of Islamic teachings
Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistani Billboards: A Study of Language Variations in Perspectives of World Englishes
Full text linkPakistani English variety used on the signboards in Pakistani markets has syntactic, phonological and lexical variations and this study explores those variations that deviate Pakistani English variety from the standard Englishes. We have used Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) theoretical framework with a Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) approach by Kress and Leeuwen (2019). The study first analyses the language used in the selected billboards and then moves to the analysis of images attached with those billboards. We have found that Pakistani advertisers on the billboards use a huge number of English words written in Urdu font-style that presents a new variety of English. Moreover, the code-switching is common in such a developing variety. The American variety was dominant in Pakistani English variety in terms of phonological patterns. The findings have also explored that the billboards contain religious words as brand names because such words are more common in the society and they attract the public emotionally. Moreover, the specific product images were placed to create link between text and product. The current study may assist the researchers to apply similar modal to enrich findings that are presented in Critical Discourse Studies
An Exploratory Study of Distress and Redemption in Ghalib's "Yeh Na Thi Hamari Qismat"
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to explore the human pain, loss, and the search for the salvation in Mirza Ghalib's invaluable Urdu ghazal "Yeh na thi hamari qismat". The paper takes up the qualitative approach to see the sights for tenderness and salvation in Ghalib’s poetry. The paper uses Herman’s trauma theory by Judith Herman as framework for the study and translation on Ghalib’s poetry by Ralph Russell. Through trauma theory applied to Ghalib's poetry, we seek to discover the psychological aspects of the suffering and redemption portrayed in the ghazal which will, in the turn, illuminate the complex interrelationship between the personal traumas and the search for meaning and peace. Moreover, this study reveals the stress of suffering, trauma recovery and survival in a subtle manner and this illustrates the enduring power of the ghazal as well as the universal appeal to audiences the world over regardless of age or nationality. Through the interaction of poetry and trauma theory, Ghalib’s poem is still able to deliver abiding life messages.