Bunyad: A Journal of Urdu Studies
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ماحولیاتی تنقید : پس منظر، آغاز اور امتیازات
No full textEcological criticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the environment. This field of study was established in the United States in the 1960s. It was initially titled environmental literary criticism, ecopoetics, and green cultural studies. As opposed to its contemporaneous critical approaches, ecocriticism adopts an earth-centric approach and raises new questions. It studies the impact of physiological conditions on the literary process and adopts a color of resistance by raising questions on the causes of climate change. This essay attempts to explain the background of ecocriticism and sheds light on its origins and evolution. It further elaborates on the methodology of ecocriticism by differentiating it from contemporaneous critical approaches
انجمنِ پنجاب کے نظمیہ مشاعرے: نوآبادیاتی سیاق میں (مشاعرہ بہ عنوان 'حبِ وطن' : خصوصی مطالعہ)
No full textThis article overviews the influence of the Anjuman-e Punjab, a colonial institution created to bring about social welfare, better education, as well as business etc. in 1865. The author explores this influence—or its remnants, rather—in the modern Urdu poem, arguing that colonial elements can be seen in works of the period. The article further views the objectives of Anjuman-e Punjab
تذکرۂ شعرائے لکھنؤ: ایک غیر مطبوعہ قلمی نسخے کی دریافت
No full textThis article introduces a manuscript of the 19th century, hitherto unknown and unpublished, that lies in the Archives of the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, UK. This manuscript is a collection of biographical notes in Urdu about the Urdu poets of Lucknow. Though the manuscript is not dated or named however the textual evidence shows that it was written by the renowned literary figure of Calcutta, `Abdul Ghafūr Nisākh, somewhere between 1872 and 1887. The manuscript consists of 12 chapters and each chapter unfolds the account of a master poet and his notable pupils. It has been written on large, thin paper and consists of 188 pages in total. It gives the account of 87 poets, and the author has related vivid historical accounts of his period. Most importantly, it describes the social and cultural aspects of life at Lucknow in the 19th century in a very interesting manner. The author has not given any title to his work. The present writer has suggested the title Tazkirah’-e Shu`ra-e Lakẖna’ū for this collection
تحقیق و تدوین کی اصطلاحات: مسودہ
No full textBroadly speaking, a ‘draft’ or ‘literary draft’ is a working manuscript that has to be edited/corrected and then finalized into a formal piece of writing. One may compose a first draft, followed by a second a third, until all changes have been made. In this article, the author attempts to explain the usage of the term ‘draft’ in Urdu literary research and editing as well the importance of the kinds of drafts. In addition, he explains the concept of a ‘literary draft' using examples from Urdu classics, such as Fasānah -e- `Ajā’ib and various Urdu Tazkiras (biographies of Urdu poets). The writer claims that this article is the first of its kind, with a detailed exposition and many useful instances
شہاب الدین غوری کی جائے شہادت اور مدفن؟
No full textMuhammad Muīz al-Dīn ibn Sām (1149-1206) was a prominent ruler of the Ghaurī dynasty, who defeated Prithvīraj Chauhān near Panipat in 1192, owing to which India became a part of the Muslim Empire. Widespread conspiracy resulted in the assassination of Ghaurī on 15 March, 1206. Seven centuries later, his tomb was built near Jhelum at Kot Dhamyak, Sohawa, Punjab. This article proves through authentic and contemporary sources, that Ghaurī is buried in Afghanistan's city, Ghazna, and not in Kot Dhamyak, Sohawa, Jhelum Disrict
چھلنی کی پیاس: ایک تجزیہ
No full textMuhib Arifi was a polymath in the real sense. There is said to be a rare combination of intellect and passion which becomes evident in his poetry. His poetry collection was published in 1972. Čẖalnī kī Piyās is a unique metaphor, which many have often attempted to deconstruct, hoping to understand the combination of ‘thirst’ (piyās) with a sieve (čẖalnī). Muhib’s verses, be it ghazals or other comnpositions, are primarily laden with themes such as the absurdity if humanity. In this article a, a philosophical analysis of Čẖalnī kī Piyās has been presented
عورت کے حوالے سے اقبال پر عزیز احمد کے اعتراضات کا جائزہ
No full textThis article challenges Aziz Ahmad's analysis in a chapter of his book Iqbal: Naī Tashkīl. The chapter relates to Iqbal's views on the role of women in a Muslim society. Aziz Ahmad proves Iqbal to be a forward looking, enlightened, non-conformist in all his views regarding the social, political and religious life of a society. This article maintains that the sources that Aziz Ahmad uses to study Iqbal's views on women are questionable. The author of this article establishes that while Iqbal’s ideas may not have been conventional, they appear to be maintaining a balance of sorts whereby only that which he considers ‘extreme’ in the West has been discouraged
ماہنامہ "العزیز"(۱۹۴۰۔ ۱۹۴۶ء): ریاست بہاول پور کا ایک اہم ادبی مأخذ
No full textThe monthly Al-Aziz was launched in 1940 by `Azīz al-Raḥmān, a retired district judge and a known literary figure of the state of Bahawalpur. This article highlights the importance of this journal in promoting literature produced in Urdu by writers in that region. By allocating a section to Sarā’ikī, it also became the most authentic source of material written and published in this particular language. For some time the journal also introduced a section of writings by women. After `Azīz's death in 1944, Al-`Azīz was looked after by his son Ḥafīẓ al-Raḥmān for two years after which it was discontinued
خطوط بنام رئیس احمد جعفری
No full textThis article presents a selection of letters written to Syed Raees Ahmad Jafri, author of more than 150 books. These letters were written by different scholars such as Syed Abu al-Hasan Ali Nadvi, Moinuddin Ahmad Nadvi, Saeed Ahamd Akbarabadi, Abdul Quddoos Hashmi and Ghulam Jilani Barq. The letters not only shed light on Jafri's academic interests but also highlight important facts about his life
اردو زبان: روایات اور لسانی استعماریت
No full textThis article discusses the socio-imperialistic aspects as well as the origins of words as they come to be used in a language. Language is often influenced by the attitudes and behavior of the dominant class of a society. The West, after having ruled over the East for a number of centuries, appears to have established itself in the minds of the subjugated races as superior in color, manner, etc., so that white and red is all good, whereas black has come to denote all that is vile and vicious. This article traces in the Urdu Language such words which have acquired either a negative or a positive meaning vis-à-vis trends that took root as a result of such imperialistic influence