Bunyad: A Journal of Urdu Studies
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مابعد جدیدیت کی بھولی بسری کہانی
No full textThe mainstream postmodernism has led western mind to a kind of disillusionment and a consequent disenchantment with the existential human yearnings for a historical anchoring without which humanity can neither sustain nor spiritually grow. This article is essentially focused on the trace of the forgotten religious alternatives to empiricist idealist modernity in the West. It is significant to note that these alternatives emerged in the time of great wars prior to the secular postmodernity. However, main stream western intelligentsia never bothered to take them into consideration. Present study tries to revive these religious responses to modernity with a clear view to claim the space yet denied to them in postmodern western academia
ارض و سما کے دو پہیے اور مجید امجد
No full textMajeed Amjad’s concept of man is distinct from the one his contemporary held. Early period of Majeed Amjad’s poetry is replete with the traditional concept of nature, according to which she is to be conquered and mastered but soon he abandoned it. He came to embrace nature as part of the creative process perpetually going on in the universe. In the second period of his poetry, nature rises to become a companion; he communicates with nature and considers it essential for intellectual bearings of human beings. Hence, the tree acquires a special place in his poetry. He also wrote a great number of poems on animals and even on insects. In his point of view, nature is not subservient to human beings, rather a living entity that has equal right to grow and flourish. This article explores diverse expressions of Majeed Amjad’s deep empathy with nature. This empathy made Amjad to mitiate an unending dialogue with nature which might be termed a unique experience in the realm of modern Urdu poetry
امیرؔ مینائی کا ایک غیر مطبوعہ قصیدہ
No full textAmeer Ahmed Minai was an illustrious poet and a writer. He wrote poetry in almost every genre including ghaẓal, na‘at, qaṣīda, maṡnavī, rubā‘ī, salām, sehrā, keh mukarni, pahēlī, tarkīb band, and tarjī‘band. The qaṣīda under consideration is in the tarjī‘band form. In a tarjī‘band, a specific line (called the tape-line) is repeated at the end of each stanza. This qaṣīda was written in the praise of Nawab of Rampur. It gives insights about the Nawab’s era. This qaṣīda consists of 16 stanzas and each stanza comprises 12 lines, after which, a couplet is repeated. This qaṣīda has not been published yet and is in possession of his paternal grandson Israeel Ahmed Minai. The author of this article has not only edited the qaṣīda following conventions of textual criticism but has provided a detailed introduction as well. A comprehensive glossary has also been included
انتظار حسین کے نظام فکرو فن میں تاریخی و تہذیبی شعور
No full textIntizar Hussain was an eminent fiction writer, critic, columnist, and a trendsetter in Urdu fiction, particularly. In post-partition Urdu fiction, he came to subvert the very paradigm of writing fiction, i.e., realism. Migration kept igniting his creative impulse. This paper analyzes the whole arena of the historical, cultural, and religious influences that shaped his creative imagination and intellect. The author seeks to provide insights into the process Intizar Hussain employed in disentangling violence, demographic transformation and displacement all caused by partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947
منٹو کا افسانہ’’دھواں‘‘ : فنی تنظیم کا ایک مذہبی مرقع
No full textSadat Hasan Manto is now widely acknowledged as a great short story writer of Urdu. He was a creative genius, indeed. Among other things, deep psychological insights of human behaviors and personality seems to have informed ingenuity of his writings. Though he had to face judicial trials—and tribulations—for the charges of obscenity before and after Partition, he never gave in. Controversial for being charged as lascivious, Manto’s short story “Dhuvāṅ” is though much talked about, less interpreted, and evaluated in its own primary context. Akhter Ahsan, a distinguished psychologist and one of the pioneers of Na’ī Shā‘irī movement of 1960s, had analysed it in psychological context but it remained unpublished for long. Its edited version is first time being brought out. To Dr Ahsan, primary context of “Dhuvāṅ” lies in Eastern mythical and religious tradition. This way Dr Ahsan refutes Manto’s Urdu critics who resort to Western psychological insights to interpret his stories.
غالب پر بدھ مت کے اثرات
No full textGautama Buddha’s thoughts, ideas, and teachings have had a profound effect not only on the minds of common people from all parts of the world but also upon great poets of all ages. Ghalib, the great poet of Urdu and Persian, also got inspired by Buddhist thought and philosophy, probably through Bedil’s poetry. In his Urdu and Persian poetry, he expressed Buddhist philosophical views about the origin of the universe, self, the laws of nature, the nature of life, human greatness, the reality of life and death, illusion, nihilism, and meditation. This article is an attempt to interpret Ghalib’s poetry in a wider Eastern philosophical perspective. It has been asserted that Ghalib didn’t just versify Buddhist ideas, rather he imbibed them and added another dimension to his multifaceted poetry
فنِ ناول نگاری: ماریو برگس یوسا کے تصورات
No full textJorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa is one of the most eminent literary figures of Latin America from recent past. With eighteen novels to his credit, he has written extensively on other genres (such as drama and short story) as well as on literary criticism. His expertise in both fiction and criticism makes his thoughts on the art of novel writing very important. He has explained modern techniques of a good novel in his book Cartas a un joven novelista, first published in Spanish language. It was later translated into English by Natasha Wimmer and into Urdu by Umer Memon. This article focuses on the techniques and factors involved in novel writing, as described by Llosa. These include style, the narrator and narrative space, time, levels of reality, shifts and qualitative leaps, Chinese boxes, the hidden fact, and communicating vessels. His mature critical ideas on the art of novel give a gist of his personal creative experiences
اقبال نامہ سعادت آیات ( ایک نایاب قلمی ماخذ کا تفصیلی و تنقیدی مطالعہ)
No full textThe Persian manuscript under discussion—Iqbāl Nāma-i Sa‘ādat Āyāt by Maulvi Muhammad Azam Bahawalpuri—is part of unpublished political history of the State of Bahawalpur. It was written under the orders of Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan II. This manuscript contains some important and historic events of the state. It is claimed to be the only available historical document of that period. Unfortunately, it is not available in any library of Bahawalpur, or of Pakistan for that matter. The manuscript is present in the British Museum Library. In this article, Iqbāl Nāma-i Sa‘ādat Āyāt has been descriptively studied for the first time. Apart from an introduction a critical evaluation of this historical source has been made
معنی، ابہام اور کثرتِ معنی
No full textSince the inception of twentieth century, the tradition of linguistic analysis acquired prominence in the field of literary criticism. Tremendous advancement in philosophical systems based on language and linguistics and ever-increasing reliance of literary criticism on extraliterary disciplines were the primary reason for this prominence. In linguistic analyses, great importance is laid on the unearthing and retrieval of meaning, the predominant component of a literary piece. According to contemporary criticism, insistence on a singular meaning in literary texts is inessential as well as futile. Therefore, contemporary criticism, particularly postmodernism, emphasizes multiplicity of meaning. As far as ambiguity is concerned, a variety of unclear and preconceived notions exist. However, ambiguity in its true spirit is an expression of multiplicity of meaning. This article explores meaning of meaning, significance of ambiguity, and importance of the notion of multiplicity of meaning in a bid to ascertain some essential associative link among them
فرانز فینو ن اپنی وفات کے ساٹھ سال بعد: جائزہ اور افادہ
No full textFrantz Fanon (1925-1961) is undoubtedly the first mental health professional who defined not only dynamics of the psychology of colonialism but also elaborated the phenomenology of it from the perspective of the colonized. Fanon expanded his clinical horizon to diagnose the pathology prepondering more outside of his clinic than inside. He ascertained the aetiology of and intervention for pathological and pathogenic phenomenon of colonialism. As a revolutionary mental health professional, he did not dissolve himself in the professional neutrality. He emerged beside the colonized, pointed out the mechanisms of colonial oppression, and identified the ways the colonized responded to them, pathologically.
This article—after sixty years of his death—reviews his three books published in his lifetime to establish relevance of his views in the era of hypercolonialism. Colonialism is indisputably not what it was in Fanon’s time; rather it is more intricate, enigmatic, and invisible now than ever before. The relevance of some of his views has unquestionably been depleted, but most of what he has predicted is more visible today than it was in 1950s