Bunyad: A Journal of Urdu Studies
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پاسکل کی الہیاتی وجودیت اور ہمارا تہذیبی آشوب
No full textThis paper discusses Pascal’s concepts of God, human misery, fear, and other existentialist themes. His intellectual journey and its outcomes are thought to have been very significant in understanding and combating major existential problems of our age, namely skepticism, and atheism. In this context, the global civilizational turmoil manifesting in multiple forms like anguish, depression, melancholy, grief, spiritual barrenness, confusion, pain, fear, horrible existential nihilism, and being cultural uprootedness found in contemporary discourse can learn a lot from Pascal’s theological existentialism. The author holds that a fresh debate in Urdu needs to be initiated around the theological existentialism
اردوزبان میں عربی اور بالخصوص قرآنی الفاظ کا جائزہ (معنوی، تلفظی اور املائی تناظر میں)
No full textIt is commonly assumed that plethora of languages have taken part in the evolution of Urdu. A great deal of words, idioms, allusions have been borrowed and adopted from the holy Quran and Arabic language. In the process of adoption and assimilation of the words from Arabic, Urdu stays stick to its own conventions and syntactical rules. Urdu does not always follow actual accent, pronunciation, orthography and even meaning of words of original Arabic language. In this article, the author has sought to examine critically the varied influences of Quranic and Arabic language on Urdu and the instances of similarity, modification, change, and alteration have been quoted abundantly
دہلی سے کابل و قندھار تک: اٹھارھویں صدی میں افغانستان کے دو غیر مطبوعہ سفرنامے
No full textThis article introduces and reviews two unpublished manuscripts of the travels from Delhi to Afghanistan. Both travels were sponsored and initiatedby the East India Company, and the objectives of the missions were to communicate with the rulers of Afghanistan and to gather information about the military power and status of the Shah-i Kabul. The first travelogue was written by Ghulam Muhammad Khan about the mission sent from 1782-to 1787 at the advice of Warren Hastings. The second travelogue was narrated by Abdul Qadir Khan who edited the information brought back by Shaikh Rahm Ali after his travel to Kabul in 1797 at the instruction of John Lumsden. Both manuscripts lie in the British Library and give an interesting account of the cities, towns, rivers, agriculture, military resources, castles, dignitaries, and cultural ambiance of North India in the late eighteenth century
ہندی ، اردو یا ہندوستانی ؟ نوآبادیاتی عہد کے دورِ آخر میں آل انڈیا ریڈیو پر ہونے والے قومی زبان کے مباحث: ایک بازدید
No full textThe paper titled “Hindi, Urdu or Hindustani? Revisiting ‘National Language’ debates through radio broadcasting in late colonial India” deals with an old controversy surrounding Urdu and Hindi but appears fresh and unique in its attempt to narrow it down to the language controversy debates to the extent of All India Radio. The study is also significant because it discusses not just the language politics of that era but also sheds light on the real problems faced by radio producers and professionals working in that scenario. The study finds that despite the intensity of debate to progress towards a national language for the would-be nation in the post-British (withdrawal) situation, the divisions on the issue of language continued to become harder, with serious societal and political repercussions. The translator has added a detailed introduction and furnished with many annotations and footnotes
اردو افسانے میں بزرگ دانش مند کاآرکی ٹائپ
No full textThis article seeks first to explain the defining features of the archetype of The Old Wise Man and then traces its instances in Urdu short stories. In Urdu, this archetype exists with surfeit of nomenclatures of the said archetypes, though its structural bearing remains unaltered. The sage archetype, another nomenclature, is a symbol of hope for the characters who are stuck in trouble. This paper concludes that though archetypal images sprout from the imagination, the seat of collective human experiences, they come to interpret, shine, and navigate our real experiences. Dozens of Urdu short stories have been quoted to unravel the manner of functioning of this archetype
وبائیں اور جدیدیت
Full text linkHistory is full of accounts of devastations caused by pandemics. The destruction caused by influenza in 1918-1919 has no parallel in history. At the same time, humankind faced another devastation in the form of World War I. The physical, mental, and psychological impact of the influenza pandemic on human life was no less intense than the one caused by the war. Nevertheless, the literature produced in the first half of the twentieth century was generally analyzed from the perspective of war. For the first time, Elizabeth Outka studied modern literature from the perspective of pandemics in her latest book titled Viral Modernism. A handful of writers have attempted to describe the havoc caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on human life and how to deal with the post-pandemic situation. This paper presents a review of the literature produced on pandemics in history with particular reference to Elizabeth Outka’s work and the literature produced on influenza (1918-1919) while taking note of the reasons of the disappearance of pandemics in selected texts
فکشن میں نفسیاتی حقیقت نگاری اور گرگِ شب
Full text linkPsychological realism is a narrative technique that aims to describe and divulge the inner conflictual self of a character. It also seeks to underscore the hidden reasons spurring the actions of a character. Fiction creates reality through imagination; paradoxically a ‘fabricated’ story can reveal basic existential truths about humans. In this paper, first, elaborating the concept of fictional reality and psychological realism, an exhaustive analysis of Ikram Ullah’s novel Gurg-i Shab has been done. Published in General Zia’s era, this novel was banned, most probably for its psychological realist technique that aimed to raise some thorny questions about incest and its unwieldy effects on the psyche of Zafar/Shafi, the protagonist of the novel
خود نوشت سوانح عمری سردار بہادر لالہ امین چند
No full textJust after the partial annexation of Punjab in 1846 by the East India Company, Sardar Bahadur Lala Amin Chand joined the Company’s administrative service and became a prominent civil servant of Punjab. He wrote, translated, and compiled nine books during his service. He visited major cities across India from September 1850 to December 1852 and penned a travelogue named Safarnama Amin Chand—one of the earlier travelogues written in Urdu. This article introduces and presents the critically edited text of his autobiography. Besides, appraising the “Tawarikh-i Qaum-i Kshatriyan” (an introductory account of Kshatriya, a renowned Indian caste), the article brings out Amin Chand’s major biographical yet formative events for first time in Urdu
اردو ادب میں مقامی رنگ (اردو فکشن کےخصوصی حوالے سے)
No full textWhile Hindi literature and many other South Asian literatures are awash with bucolic elements, Urdu seems to be an exception in this regard. Phanishwar Nath Renu’s influential Hindi novel Mailā Ānchal broke the path for ānchalik literature in Hindi in the 1950s. Although Premchand had introduced the depiction of rural life to Hindi as well as to his Urdu stories much earlier, much of the Urdu writings since then have been stuck to the representation of urban settings. This paper attempts to reveal that Urdu writers of postcolonial era continued employing urban idiom of the language in their stories set in rural Punjab. Instances of rural aroma are hard to find among Pakistani Urdu writers. This paper seeks to find the reasons why regional literature failed to flourish in Urdu even after independence
اُردو رسم الخط کا منبع: تحقیقی جائزہ
No full textThis paper endeavours to identify the sources of Urdu script through a comparative study of the letters and features of various scripts. To this end, not only have the views of researchers and historians been extensively consulted, but the fundamental principles of linguistics have also been taken into account. The Urdu script passed through several stages before being evolved into its present state. A brief introduction of the Semitic script, Ārāmī, Nabṯī, Kūfi, Naskh, Ta‘līq, and Nasta‘līq has been given. The author concludes that the Urdu script is not new; it is a modification of Semitic script