Bunyad: A Journal of Urdu Studies
Not a member yet
303 research outputs found
Sort by
ایڈورڈ سعیدکا تنقیدی طریق کار
No full textEdward Said (1935-2003) developed a unique critical approach that has exerted a profound effect on post-colonial criticism and cultural studies across the globe. In Orientalism, Said unravelled how West made use of East’s knowledge in establishing colonialism. He also exposed rigorously the political narrative hidden beneath almost all intellectual and imaginative constructs. West worked out and then disseminated through print culture in 18th and 19th centuries. He put resistance against the monopoly of a single statement and hegemonic structures. Interestingly, Said holds the view that literary critic has a central importance in unravelling all hegemonic and canonical structures. Thus, he suggests the critics that they should not rely on or stick to just abstract ideas, instead they should examine all ideas in the respective social and historical conditions. Said's critical approach is considered complex and multidisciplinary because the histories, societies, social conditions and of course literary texts, the critics have to deal with are complex. This article argues that Edward Said is the founder of the secular critical approach which questions all forms of the dominant discourse
دانش ور کا تصوّر اور کردار: ایڈورڈ سعید کی نظر میں
No full textEdward Wadie Said (1935-2003) was one of the twentieth century’s most influential public intellectuals. His work encompasses a variety of disciplines which include literary and cultural criticism, political science, imperialism, colonialism, philosophy, orientalism, philosophy, and music. However, it would not be incorrect to assert that his immense body of work is primarily devoted to tracing empire and imperial intentions. According to him, it is the intellectual’s responsibility to decipher imperial designs meant to uphold hegemony. He believes in Foucauldian Theory which states that knowledge is an imperial instrument used to assert power, that is why intellectuals must be perceptive, incisive, courageous, and vigilant enough to expose imperial designs to the populace. According to him, an intellectual should neither favor impartiality nor should hesitate to take the side of the subjugated. In all his main works, he defined and described the function and role of intellectuals. Somewhere, he identified the intellectuals' wrongdoings to promote imperial agendas and contrived ideas and theories. Elsewhere, he outlined the main characteristics of intellectuals’ functioning. In addition to it, he also proposed the methodology for analyzing a text in order to infer imperial influence. This article examines Said's views on the role, function, and methodology of intellectuals, which span his entire career and encompass his main work
انور رومان : بلوچستان میں نثری نظم کا پہلاشاعر
No full textAnwar Rumaan (1924-2013) was a well-known academician, historian, poet, and translator from Baluchistan. However, few people know that he had also written short stories, dramas, and prose poems in Urdu. He composed and published prose poems in the late 60’s of 20th century, a period when fewer literati were trying their hand in the genre of prose poem. It was Rumaan who was frequently offering examples of prose poetry in Urdu and Pashto, hence uncontestably pioneering prose poem in Pakistan. Unfortunately, Anwar Rumaan’s literary achievements have not been recognized, discussed, and not even mentioned by the Urdu critics and researchers. This article not only discusses his poetry in detail for the first time but also claims that he was the first Urdu prose poet from Baluchistan. It also highlights significant features of his individual talent, along with the cultural and social influence of the region of Baluchistan got seeped across his oeuvre. Furthermore, his poetry in Punjabi and Pashto languages testifies that he was a bilingual prose poet too, a rare case indeed
ادب اور موسمیاتی تبدیلیاں: عالمی و مقامی تناظر
No full textThe representation of climate change in literature has a long history. The first available text of literature is the Epic of Gilgamesh, which tells the story of the Great Flood. In mythology and religious texts, the destruction of nature and calamities is associated with the concept of divine punishment. Climate disasters are of two types: one is nature-made and the other man-made. Our era is called the Anthropocene, an era which demonstrates how badly human actions have brought devastation to the nature. Regrettably, our economic and social systems are triggering the Earth’s climate system. Critics have described the literature’s serious response to increasing climate change as insufficient. The article explores the connection between the modern capitalist mindset and climate change. In Urdu and Global literature, three narratives have been discussed to identify natural and human-made climate changes: warming, cooling, and flooding. The paper calls for a shift in the traditional approach of criticism by underscoring the complexities of modern trends in climate literature
ییٹس اور ردِّ نو آبادیات
No full textThis translated article is written by Edward Said (1935-2003). This article is included in the book, Nationalism, Colonization and Literature, compiled by Seamus Deane (1940-2021) who also wrote a detailed introduction. This article is about W. B. Yeats’ (1865-1939) role in the revolution against colonization who was a distinguished Irish poet. Edward Said has explored Yeats’ poetry and his political role as a nationalist in the struggle against colonization, rather than a decolonizing liberationist. Said has analyzed Yeats’ poetry in the context of Franz Fanon’s (1925-1961) theory of ideology. Said also drew a comparison of Yeats’ poetry with some of his contemporaries and other poets from different parts of the world who had been involved in resistance against colonization.He has also given a comparative analysis of the poetry of Yeats and Neruda (1904-1973). Besides the translated text of Said’s article, scores of explanatory notes and brief commentary have been added by the translator as well
ماحولیاتی تنقید : اردو ادب،مضامین /مقالات/کتب
No full textEcocriticism has evolved as a global literary theory during the last three decades. The whole world is currently facing an environmental disaster bred by anthropocentrism—a worldview which accrues central place to humans, their rationality, and desires and which has made for not just exemplary scientific-technological advancement but got deeply embedded in the discursive spaces. Nature has been terribly objectified and eventually mutilated. ‘What kind of role literature can play in subverting on one side the anthropocentric worldview and on other making people realise the environmental disasters?’ is the central question of this theory. Ecologically oriented literature asks for a better understanding of both outside and human natures. This article illustrates the differences between naturalism, landscaping, and ecocriticism along with reassessing the corpus of Urdu writings about this school of criticism
پدرسری تشریحات میں سوئی اور قلم کا تضاد و تخصیص اور عورتوں کے لکھنے کی روایت کی تشکیل
No full textWomen writers around the globe are still struggling to build a writing culture and tradition of their own because they entered the realm of formal writing late and in lesser numbers throughout history. This study looks at Pakistani fiction of women writers to explore the making tradition of women writing and the role of symbols and metaphors of patriarchal oppression grounded in culture and tradition used by women writers in building this tradition of writing. The theoretical lens of feminist standpoint theory has been used to explore texts. It is concluded that elements of the tradition of women writing are still ambiguous and faint because of patriarchal hegemony in writing. Also, the formation of this tradition of women writing banks heavily on cultural and traditional symbols and metaphors of patriarchal oppression
علامہ اقبال، ہائیڈل برگ کی تخلیقی فضااور فطرت سے مکالمہ
No full textThis paper seeks to bring forth some historical facts about the composition of a poem “Shabnam aur Sitārē” by Allama Iqbal which is included in his first poetry collection Bāng-i Darā. This poem appears in the third part (1908 onwards) of Bāng-i Darā, but the manuscript introduced and produced in this paper reveals that it was composed in September 1907 at Heidelberg, Germany. The author seeks to find answers why the said poem couldn’t find its actual historical sequence in Bāng-i Darā. Moreover, this paper explores how the splendor and liveliness of nature surrounding the city of Heidelberg would have enchanted Iqbal and came to spur his creative genius
کثیرزبانی ادبی تاریخ کیسے لکھی جائے؟ پندرھویں اور سولھویں صدی کے شمالی ہند سے سبق آموز مثالیں
No full textHow can we conceptualize multilingual literary culture, and how can we do research around this idea? Using the turbulent ‘long fifteenth century’ in north India as a site, this article questions the efficacy of those research models employed by experts on South Asian history which were based on single languages (Hindi, Urdu), and engages critically with early modern taxonomies and archives. The article focuses on the materiality of the archive–the language, script, and format in which texts were written down and copied–on the spaces and locations in which literature was produced and performed, and on the oral–performative practices and agents that made texts circulate to audiences in ways not bound by the script in which the texts appear to us. Translating this scholarly article into Urdu, parallel research has been done to not just verify the facts but evaluate the paradigm used by the author. The translator has added many annotations and footnotes