Bunyad: A Journal of Urdu Studies
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ادب میں ظلمت کے آرکی ٹائپ کی معنویت
No full textThis article aims to explain the main characteristic of the Shadow Archetype, as defined by C G Jung. It then examines its manifestations in Urdu and World literature, including both fictional and non-fictional works from Eastern and Western literary traditions. It heavily relies on Carl Jung's concept of the Shadow Archetype and Freud's ideas of Thanatos and Eros, discussing how recognizing darkness in literature and life doesn't worsen its existence, contrary to popular belief. Instead, acknowledging the reality of challenges like illness opens paths to healing and personal development. The article also delves into how darkness has always been present in natural and social life, advocating for acceptance of this reality to support ongoing healing and growth processe
’’بازار‘‘: میر و غالب کی شاعری میں بطور ’’جگہ‘‘
No full textThis paper explores the various dimensions of “bazār,” particularly examining its representation in the works of Mir and Ghalib. It analyzes the diverse roles the term “bazār” plays in classical and modern Urdu poetry across different contexts. The paper discusses how “bazār” functions both as a literal location and as a metaphor, and symbol. Depending on its usage, it can depict a physical marketplace or symbolize contrasts between places, encompassing the intricate subspaces within it, such as shops and their paraphernalia. Moreover, “bazār” intertwines with broader concepts like market economy, social interactions, and political dynamics. Additionally, it explores instances where “bazār” has been employed pejoratively, mocking individuals, objects, and attitudes labeled as “bazār.
نکتہ دانانِ رفتہ کی نہ کہو‘‘ : میر اور جدید ذہن’’
No full textIn this article, an attempt has been made to understand and interpret Mīr’s ghazal in the context of the innovative and interrogative spirit great minds exhibit in their imaginative endeavours. Generally, Ghalib’s poetry is said to be embodying modern paradigms awash with innovatively questioning every human experience. This author is of the view that the scepticism and the spirit of interrogation associated with Ghālib can be found in Mīr’s poetry with the diversity of forms. So, an attempt has been made to explore and unravel these elements of modernity in Mīr’s poetry. A modern mind is not always or all the time all innovative in the same manner. Modernity has not just single, monolithic version. In Mīr’s poetry the modern spirit expresses itself in its own, indigenous manner
جان شیکسپیئر کی اردو بہ انگریزی لغت: مستشرقین کی لغت نویسی کے تناظر میں
No full textThis article aims to explore and contest the various aspects of theoretical framework and practice of John Shakespeare (1774–1858) resorted to while compiling Urdu-English dictionary. John Shakespeare's Urdu-English dictionary, A Dictionary Hindustani amp; English, with copious index fitting work to serve also as Dictionary English and Hindustani is deemed one of the most important dictionaries compiled by those European scholars who happened to serve East India Company. Their dominant perspective has been pragmatic, aligned with the common imperial paradigm enunciated as ‘knowledge is a power’. Besides including a comprehensive introduction of the distinguished lexicographer, an analysis of the relationship between Orientalists’ Urdu-English lexicography and the East India Company has been carried out. In a bid to highlight the defining features of John Shakespeare’s dictionary, a comparison with the skills, preferences and methods employed in the dictionaries of his predecessor Joseph Taylor (1668-1798) and successor Duncan Forbes (1798-1868) has been drawn. In addition, a brief debate on the significance of Karkhandari language (dialect of Delhi Urdū) is added
کلام ظفر علی خان کے مجموعے: تحقیقی مطالعہ
No full textMaulana Zafar Ali Khan (1873-1956) was a renowned poet, intellectual and journalist. His newspaper Zamīndar is deemed to have been not just treasure trove of turbulent colonial history of British India, but most reliable reference of the history of journalism in the subcontinent as well. He used to compose a poem in response to each chaotic political happening in the sub-continent which would be carried on the front page of the daily Zamīndar, and next morning that poem would be immensely popular across the whole Hindūstān. Collections of his poetry have been published and titled as Bahāristān, Nigāristān, Chamanistān, Ḥabsīyāt, Khayālistān, and Ārmaghan-i Qādiyāṅ. These collections constitute a poetically recorded history of our national struggle for freedom. In this article, the publishing trajectory of these collections has been traced and analysed. These collections have generally been published thrice, and unfortunately there has been a deviation from the actual text that Zafar Ali Khan himself produced. In this article, such changes have been identified and rectified to preserve these poems while simultaneously bringing to light their historical significance
رسالہ معیارالاملا: تحقیقی جائزہ
No full textDebi Parshad (1840-1902) was a poet, calligrapher, and educationist. His book Ma‘yār-ul-Imlā is considered to be one of the earliest books written on Urdu orthography by Indian writers. This book has played a prominent role in the history and evolution of Urdu orthography. It is not necessary to agree to all suggestions offered by Parshad about the rules and conventions of Urdu orthography. However, its historical and academic significance is not to be ignored. This short book was meant to delineate the rules of orthography in a period when few scholars had come forward to make their footprints in this field. While providing an overview of the history of orthography, the author has underscored the successes and failures of Parshad as orthographer. In this paper, besides offering bale of references to the contemporary tradition of Urdu orthography, critical examination of the historical importance, challenges and possibilities has been carried out
پاکستان کے اردو سفر نامے:لینڈ اسکیپ اور تہذیبی شناخت
Full text linkLandscape is an external face of a region that represents not just the flora and fauna of the region rather the history, civilization, and cultural values as well. Each bit of the scene of a landscape, no matter natural or cultural, comes to imbibe, build, or evolve some specific meanings. Those meanings are generally established in the context of the history, culture, religion, and beliefs prevalent in that region. Literary writings have been representing and navigating both kinds of landscapes with all their diversity. Any voracious reader would endorse that among all others, the genre of travelogue stands atop in describing, narrating, and traversing landscapes of any region or place. The rivers, forests, deserts, lands, mountains, flowers, gardens, buildings, mosques, and tombs of saints appearing in the Urdu travelogues about Pakistan help us trace and trail the cultural varieties, and diverse histories of the region. In this paper, the author had tried to explore the cultural identity of the country through the Urdu travelogues of Pakistan
سخنِ میر کی طرفیں: میر کی ایک غزل کی روشنی میں
No full textAlthough the ghazal beginning with the line Ka’i din saluk vidā‘ ka merē dar pē dil ẓār tẖā of Mīr is one of the most popular Mīr’s ghazals, it has been analysed for the first time. Two or three verses or couplets of this ghazal are generally remembered. The analyst has also explored a mood, tone, and rhythmic beauty of each couplet. Moreover, the semantic aspects of the ghazal have also been brought to light and multiple yet faithful to the text interpretations have also been offered. Although this ghazal does not explicitly refer to the idiosyncrasies of Mīr, the analysis alludes to some of the traits of the personality of this genius. In fact, Mīr's personality seems to have played a significant role in the creation of this ghazal, a wonder of art indeed
بچوں کے کردار میں متضمن بدیہیات کا لانطق شعور (امام ابنِ حزم الاندلسی کے افکار کی روشنی میں، علامہ اقبال اور نوم چومسکی کے جزوی موازنے کے ساتھ)
No full textIbn Hazm, a theologian and a great scholar of Muslim Spain, born in a well-off family rose to eminence as a jurist of a great ingenuity, a historian, polemicist and a fine writer of prose and poetry. In his early years, he wrote a book Ṯauq-al Ḥamāmah (Neck-Ring of Dove), translated into many western languages, including a fine translation into English by Arthur Arberry (1905-1969). In his famous book Al-Milal-o-Al-Niḥal (The Book of Sects and Creeds), he propounded a theory of axiomatic knowledge as implicitly expressed in the behavior of children. This article deals mainly with his theory of innate knowledge. Some views of Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) and Noam Chomsky (1928) have been deemed by the present writer as supportive of Ibn Hazm’s theory of axiomatic knowledge exhibited in children’s behavior. His magnum opus was voluminous Āl-Muḥalā (The Adorned Treatise) containing a wealth of juristic knowledge, unrivalled till date. He was in favor of state control over superfluous wealth and land, a view which after centuries, was extolled in Pakistan in late 1960’s