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A Stylistic Review of Maulana Muhammad Hussain Azad's Essay "Sair-e-Zindagi": مولانا محمد حسین آزاد کے مضمون سیر زندگی کا اسلوبیاتی جائزہ
Full text linkMaulana Muhammad Hussain Azad’s essay "Sair-e-Zindagi" describes life and its different stages. The essay starts with the words of a sage that when a person comes into the world, he is completely ignorant and innocent. Then there is childhood, which he finds in the form of a beautiful and carefree life, and then there is youth, which is a beautiful, exciting and colorful period of life, and it is full of emotions and desires. After that, gradually the organs of a person start to decay and he moves from youth to old age. By going to old age, he becomes greedier about life. A critical review of the said essay is presented in this article highlighting the characteristics pertaining to style and diction of the writer.
Reference:
Malik raam ,nairng Khiyal awwal dooim,new dehli: liberty art press,1987,S 16
Agha Muhammad Baqr, Tareikh nazam o nasar urdu,Lahore,1944,s 179.
Malik raam ,nairng Khiyal,s 20.
Raam babu saksaina,Tareikh adab Urdu,Karachi,Gazanfer Acedmy,2003,479.
Muhammad Hussain Azad,nairang Khiyal,Lahore,Majlis taraqi adab club road,2010,s 42.
Aizan, s :48
Aizan, s: 50
Aizan, s: 52
Bashir Ahmed ,Dr,Urdu main inshaiya nigari,Lahore,Nazeer publishers,2010,s: 104
Syed Abdullah,Dr,Meer aman say Abdul huq tuk,taba dowm,Lahore ,Majlis taraqi adab,2005,23
Ahmad Bashir’s Urdu Essay Writing: احمد بشیر کی اُردو مضمون نگاری
No full text"Ahmad Bashir was a renowned journalist and a literary icon of Urdu. He wrote essays / articles and columns equally in English and Urdu. Among the various of his journalistic and literary facets, sketch-writing, novel-writing and editorial-writing are worth-mentioning. He got education in film-making from America, and then started film-making and direction in Pakistan. He produced few documentaries, and made the first and the last to date belly film of Pakistan "Chirree Kahaani" that achieved an award in belly film festival of Iran. He chose journalism for making his livelihood, and learnt journalism from Charagh Hassan Hassrat in the daily "Amroz". He was called the founder of Urdu feature-writing. He wrote his debut feature on Gaamma Pehalwaan. After the daily "Amroz", he started writing for the weekly "Qandeel". He never sticked long to a newspaper owing to his truthfulness and ideological thoughts. He was a staunch socialist and flag-bearer of social justice.
References:
Shoaib Aadil, “Wo Aik Mard Dana Tha”, Mashmoola: Mahnama Naya Zamana, Lahore: February 2005, P.35
Ahmad Bashir, “Khon-e-Jigar Hone Tak”, Lahore: Awaz Ashat Ghar, P.10
Ibid, P.11
Imtiaz Aalim, Bad-e-Mukhlif Siyah, Mashmoola: Mahnama Naya Zamana, Lahore: February 2005, P.37
Ahmad Bashir, “Khon-e-Jigar Hone Tak”, P.10
Ibid, P.22
Ibid, P.29-30
Ibid, P.24
Ata Ullah Siddique, Mashmoola: Sang Rabastand wa Sag Ra Kashadand, Khon-e-Jigar Hone Tak, P.32
Ahmad Bashir, “Khon-e-Jigar Hone Tak”, P.10
Ibid, P.33
Ibid, P.67
Ibid, P.73
Ibid, P.93
Ibid, P.95
Azhar Javed, Oper Se Pathar Andar Se Mom, Mashmoola: Mahnama Naya Zamana, Lahore: February 2005, P.47
Ahmad Bashir, “Khon-e-Jigar Hone Tak”, P.111
Ibid, P.174
Ibid, P.217
Ibid, P.258
Shoaib Aadil, “Wo Aik Mard Dana Tha”, Mashmoola: Mahnama Naya Zamana, P.35
Shoaib Aadil, Aghaz, Mashmoola: “Khon-e-Jigar Hone Tak”, Lahore: Awaz Ashat Ghar, P.5-6
Tanveer Qaiser Shahid, Taaqub, Column Mashmoola: Roznama Pakistan, Lahore: 12 January 2005
Ahmad Bashir darasal maidan Ilm-o-Adab-o-Sahafat ma Khatron kay Khiladi thay aur har mushkil aur preshani ki ankhon mai ankhen dal kr wo “So What” ka Nara Mastana lga kar zindagi karne kay amal ko bila khof-o-Khatar jari rkhtay the.
Majeed Ahmad, “Ahmad Bashir ki Yad ma” Mashmoola: Mahnama Naya Zamana, Lahore: December 2005, P.45
 
Modern Urdu Ghazal in Okara: A Review: اوکاڑا میں جدید اُردو غزل: ایک جائزہ
No full textOkara, a city with a unique and distinguished identity in Pakistan, stands as a beacon of linguistic and literary excellence. Renowned for its vibrant and rich literary culture, Okara has been the birthplace and home to numerous distinguished poets whose contributions have profoundly shaped the modern ghazal tradition. These literary figures have not only demonstrated exceptional poetic mastery but have also earned a revered place in the annals of Urdu literature. Their works continue to inspire generations, reflecting the city’s deep cultural roots and its significant role in enriching Pakistan’s intellectual heritage. Through their unwavering commitment to the art of poetry, Okara’s poets have left an indelible mark on the broader landscape of Urdu literature, solidifying their place in the hearts of poetry lovers and scholars alike.
References:
Okara, Encyclopedia of Free Knowledge, Wikipedia.
Zafar Iqbal, Interview by Kashif Majid, Included in: Angare, Monthly Magazine, Compiled by: Syed Amir Sohail, Multan: Gul Gashat Colony, December 2006, p. 5.
Zafar Iqbal, Ab Tak, Kulliyat-e-Ghazal, Volume Two, Lahore: Multimedia Affairs, 2006, p. 2258.
Ibid., p. 2083.
Muratab Akhtar, Encyclopedia of Free Knowledge, Wikipedia.
Muratab Akhtar, Jangal Se Paray Sooraj, Okara: Idara-e-Saut-e-Hadi, Sheikhupura, Second Edition, April 2007, p. 32.
Ibid., p. 54.
Nasir Shehzad, Encyclopedia of Free Knowledge, Wikipedia.
Nasir Shehzad, Pukarti Rahi Bansi, Lahore: Alhamd Publications, January 2008, p. 63.
Ibid., p. 102.
Aslam Kolseri, Kaash, Lahore: Shirkat Printing Press, November 1992, p. 12.
Ibid., p. 161.
Ibid., p. 19.
Interview, Masood Ahmad, Abdul Ghafoor, Meeting Regarding Poetry, Habib Bank, Gol Chowk, Okara, February 12, 2020.
Masood Ahmad, Tumhara Aks Roshan Hai, Lahore: Gora Publishers, 1995, p. 3.
Ibid., p. 23, 54.
Ahmed Jaleel, Chaandni Ki Barish Mein, Okara: Escom Publishers, January 2016, p. 13.
Ibid., p. 33.
Interview, Raza Ullah Haider, Abdul Ghafoor, Meeting Regarding Poetry, Government Postgraduate College, Okara, February 5, 2020.
Raza Ullah Haider, Zakhm Gulab Hue, Lahore: Nazmina Publications, October 2018, p. 39.
Interview, Ahmad Kamran, Abdul Ghafoor, Phone Conversation Regarding Poetry, February 12, 2019.
Ahmad Kamran, Judai Sans Laiti Hai, Lahore: Khazina-e-Ilm o Adab, 2000, p. 31.
Sakhnaur Najmi, Pani Kitna Pyaasa Hai, Lahore: Maqbool Academy, January 1997, p. 101.
Ibid., p. 55.
Kashif Majid, Dua Ki Taraf Lautte Hain, Lahore: Misal Publishing, 2001, p. 34.
Ibid., p. 24.
Ibid., p. 61.
Ghulam Mohiuddin, Chhaghal, Lahore: Al-Qalam Publishers, 2024, p. 155.
Ibid., p. 135.
Ibid., p. 138.
 
The Justification of Urdu Letters with Similar Sounds and Diacritics: اُردو مشابہ الصوت حروف اور اردو اعراب کا جواز
Full text linkUrdu script is derived from the Arabic script but Urdu differs from Arabic in its nature and unlike Arabic some sounds are pronounced like each other. Due to that some experts object to Urdu script and suggest the removal of letters with similar sounds. But the removal of these letters can create many complexities and difficulties which cannot be resolved. These eight specific sounds of Urdu are common to Pakistani languages such as Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, Kashmiri, and other local languages. How is it possible to exclude these words from all these languages? These sounds are the valuable capital of world languages like Persian and Arabic. With this collaboration, Urdu emerges as a great global and scientific language. By removing these letters, Urdu will suffer a great loss in terms of knowledge. There will be an encounter, which cannot be compensated. In short, this change is not feasible in context with Urdu historical background and present linguistic geographical condition. The Urdu script is non- diacritical in its nature and diacritics in Urdu are not arranged in the same way as in Arabic. However, it is necessary to organize the essential diacritics in the basic textbooks. This article argues and analyses the justification of Urdu letters with similar sounds and diacritics in detail.
Reference:
Abu Muhammad Sehar,Dr,Urdu rasam ul khat aur imla aik muhakma,,bhopaal: maktaba adab urdu ,1999 P:28..
Aizan,p:67.
Aizan ,p:68
Abdul sittar Sadiqqi,Dr,Urdu rasam ul khat mai islaah ,Karachi ,matbuaa urdu,October 1923,p: 582-583.
Waheed ul deen saleem pani patti syed ashraf haider abadi ,Hindustan ki aam zuban ,afadiat sleem,p: 31.
Syed suleman nadvi ,naqoosh sulemani ,azam garh ,maaraf press ,taba saum,1980,p: 92.
Abu Muhammad Sehar,Dr,Urdu rasam ul khat aur imla aik muhakma,,bhopaal: maktaba adab urdu ,1999 P: 70.
Report : teesri kul hind anjuman taraqi urdu conference,nagpoor:19,20,21 january,1944,p: 127-128.
Masood hussain khan ,dr :urdu sotiaat ka khaka ,mashmoola : urdu main lasaniyati tehqeeq)muratba dr abdul sittar radlwi),kokal and company oriental book sailrs and publishers ,1971,p: 9.
Gian chand ,Dr,lasani mutaliyay,dehli:taraqi urdu board ,markazi wizarat e talem ,hakumat hind ,1973,p: 147.
Syed massod Hassan rizwi adeeb,urdu zaban aur uska rasam ul khat ,khut,khutba sadarat all India oriental conference nagpoor ,munaqada,19-21 October 1946,lakhnow university ,21 june 1948,p: 21.
Shukat sabzwari ,dr,urdu lassaniyaat ,Karachi: maktaba takhleeq adab.1966,p: 84.
Abdul sittar raudolvi,dr (muratab) ,urdu lasaniyaati tehqeeq ,Bombay :kokal and company oriental book sailer and publishers,1971,p:2
Abu laiss sadique,dr,adab o lassaniyat,Karachi,urdu academy sindh,1970,347-348.
Gopi chand nairang,dr,urdu aur lassaniyat,Lahore: sang e meel publications,2007.p:130-131.
Syed suleman ,professor ,urdu rasam ul khat kijamiat,mashmoola muntakhabaat urdu nama ,jild awwal,muratba dr moeen ul deen aqeel,dr Islam abad ,muqtadra qaumi zaban ,1988,p: 253.
Muhammad naeem khiyali,Urdu ki bain ul aqwami haisiat,behraich ,u p hind: idara lasaniyaat,1982,p: 237-238.
Abu Muhammad sehar ,dr urdu rasam ul khat aur imla : aik muhakma,p: 91-92.
Waheed ul zamma ,qasmi kairwani,Mulana al qamoos alwahed,Lahore ,idara islamiyat ,2001,p: 1062.
Hafeez aldeen ,gilkirist ka mazmoon tareek imla ,mashmoola : urdu imla awr ramooz auqaaf muratba : dr gohar no shahi,Iskam abad,muqtadra qaumi zaban ,1986,239-241.
Barj mohan pandit datariya kaifi.kaifia ,Lahore : maktabamoen al adab urdu bazaar .1950,p: 346-348.
Abdul rehman ,mulvi ,bahawala abu Muhammad sehar ,dr urdu rasam ul khat aur imla aur imla ,aik muhakmaa,Bhopal nagar: maktaba adab,1999,p: 152-157.
Abdul haq, mulvi qawaid urdu,Lahore : Lahore academy ,p: 30-36.
Rasheed Hassan khan ,urdu imla,Lahore ,majlis taraqi adab ,2007.p: 514-545.
Ghulam mustfa khan,dr,jamaiy al qwaid hiss nahav,Lahore,urdu science board,2003,p: 180.
Abdul sattar sadiqee ,dr ,urdu rasaul khat mai islaah,mashmoola urdu rasam ul khat :intakhaab maqalaat murtaba: shima majeed,Islamabad,muqtadra qaumi zaban .1989,p: 193-200.
Abdul sattar sadiqee ,dr urdu airab pr darul tarjuma ,hiader abad ki tajaweez,mashmoola : urdu imla o rmooz auqaaf ,muratba ,Dr, gohar naushahi,islam abad,muqtadra qaumi zaban ,p: 251-262.
Ghulam rasool ,mulvi,urdu imla ,silsila matbuaat idari: adbiyaat urdu shumara 227,char kuman haider abad ,national fine printing press,1960.p: 10-12.
Abdul ghafar madholi,urdu imla ka asaan tareeka ,new dehli : jamiya miliya islamiya ,1963,p: 21-25.
Syed Abdullah ,dr ,urdu encyclopedia aur islam kay faislay,mashmola: urdu imla aur ramooz o auqaaf muratba: dr gphar noshahi,p: 290.
Raees amar wahvi, mudeer Awwal (urdu lughat tareekhi asool par)jild awwal ,Karachi,taraqi urdu board ,1977.p: suaat.
Shan ul haq haqi,farhang talafuz,islam abad ,muqtadro qaumi zaban ,2002,p: qaaf.
Jameel jalbi ,dr ,urdu main airab ka masla , matbuaa mahanama akhbar urdu,Islam abad,muqtadra qaumi zaban.april 1989,p: 11.
Farman fateeh puri ,dr urdu main airab ka masla ,naqd o nazer silslo war behas ,matbuaa,mahanama ,akhbaar urdu (Islam abad : muqtadro qaumi zaban) april 1989,p: 7-9.
Ejaz rahi(muratab),sifarshat imla o ramooz auqaaf,matbuaa mahanama akhbaar,islam abad : muqtadra qaumi zaban ,march 1999,p: 9.
Gopi chand narang ,dr (muratab) ,imla nama ,sifarshaat imla kameti.taraqi urdu board .hind, qalander abad,aibat abad,sarhad urdu academy 1992,p: 98-101.
Tahir farooqi ,professor ,dr urdu zaban aur laaniyaat ,Lahore,sang e meel publications,2007,128.
Gopi chand narang ,dr .urdu zaban aur lasaniyaat ,Lahore,sangee meel publications ,2007.p:12
A study of Qurratulain Hyder’s style in Reportage "Koh-e-Damavand": رپورتاژ”کوہِ دماوند“ میں قرۃ العین حیدر کے اسلوب کا مطالعہ
No full textReportage is one of the nonfictional prose. It has real life stories about real things like human beings, objects, places and events. It is blended with fiction writing techniques. Qurratulain Hyder is an inventive writer of Urdu literature. She is well known and highly appreciated for her unique style of fiction writing yet the same characteristics are also very much true for her nonfictional writing. In this article, her versatility of non-fictional writing will be discussed in the perspective of her reportage “Koh-e-Damavand.”. This report was published in 2000A.D consists of two parts. The first part is based on the tourism of Tehran, Isfahan, the Armenian city of Julfa, etc. The second part contains a two-page introduction and the story of the coronation ceremony of Emperor Arya and the queen of Iran, Farah Diba. In the reportage, she has quoted the interview from the country of Iran in a specific way and in a conversational way. Here they have benefited a lot from the history of Iran. Probably her aim was to present the events in a true and honest manner that how did Emperor Arya Mehr divorce his two wives and marry a young Iranian girl, Farah Diba, in Koh Damavand. Qurratulain Hyder has presented it in a very allegorical manner.
Reference:
Abid Ali Abid, Usloob, Ali Garh book depot, Ali Garh,1976 ,p.134-135
Date:10May:10May 2024,Time:1 O’clock https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/reportage#:~:text=Reportage%20is%20the%20reporting%20of,%5Bformal%5D
Qurratulain Hyder, Sitamber Ka Chand, Educational Publishing House, Delhi, 2002, p.8
Wajida Begum, Qurratulain Hyder Ki Reportage Nigari, Educational Publishing House, Delhi, 2015, p.15
Abdul Aziz, Urdu Mein reportage Nigari, Maktaba Shahrah ,Delhi,1952,P.7
Qurratulain Hyder, Sitamber Ka Chand, P.7
Urdu Mein Reportage Nigari Fan aur Irtiqa, by S.M.Z Gauhar Srishti Publications, Behar,2003,P.122
Abdul Aziz, Urdu Mein reportage Nigari, P. 23-24
Qurratulain Hyder, Koh.e.Damavand, Educational Publishing House, Delhi, 2000, P.2
Qurratulain Hyder, Koh.e.Damavand, P.68
Ibid, P. 45
Talat Gul ,Urdu Mein Reportage Ki Riwayat,New Public Press, Dehli, 1992,P.91
Qurratulain Hyder, Koh.e.Damavand, P.61
Ibid ,P. 98
Ibid, P. 46-45
Ibid, P. 54
Ibid, P. 66
Ibid, P. 46-47
Ibid, P. 48
Ibid, P. 98
Ibid, P.66
Ibid
Ibid ,P. 66-67
Ibid ,P. 67
Azeem Ushan Siddiqi, Qurratulain Hyder Ki Afsana Nigari,(Pat Jhar Ky Ainy Mein) Mashmoola:Qurratulain Hyder Ek Mutala by Professor Muhiuddin Mumbai Wala, 1999, P.35
Qurratulain Hyder, Koh.e.Damavand, P.96
Ibid, P .14
Political and Social Consciousness in Muhammad Aleem Ismail's Fiction: محمدعلیم اسماعیل کے افسانوں میں سیاسی و سماجی شعور
No full textIn this article, the political and social consciousness in Muhammad Aleem Ismail's fictions has been carefully examined. Common life problems, performance of political leaders, trust, betrayal, deception and responsibilities of country conditions, reflection of life's struggles, physical and emotional pain, dedication to family and profession and facing challenges with hard work, courage and courage. Moments of happiness, sadness and harsh realities of life, incidents of helping the needy, difficult situations, steadfastness, perfection of emoting and detailing, the fragility of life, sacrifices made for family, being seen to cope with illness. The struggle, the reflection of the complexities of human existence, the professional problems faced by the non-grant school teacher, the narrative of sacrifice, dedication, and the effects of social changes on the teaching profession, the teacher's strictness on the disobedient student and the resulting political influence. Disciplinary failure due to influence reflects societal changes and challenges faced by teachers, wife's proposal to quit job due to financial difficulties. Themes of love, sacrifice, and emerging relationship dynamics, social expectations, individual Choices, and the importance of understanding and preserving family relationships, pressure from the mother on the son, and the son's concern for the mother's happiness, peace, and the impact of childhood memories and dreams on life are presented.
Reference:
Muhammad Aleem Ismail, Al Jahan, Malegaon Maharashtra: Noorani Press, 2018, p:9
Saah Mahi Risalah Rooh-e-Adab,Kolkata:Mghrbi Bangal Urdu Akademi, 2021, p.65
Muhammad Aleem Ismail,Ranjash,Dehli:Rooshan Printers,2020, p.25
Ibid, p.24
Ibid, p.22
Muhammad Aleem Ismail, Al Jahan, p:119
Risalah Mahnama Khabarnama, Lakhnao:Utatr Pardesh Urdu Akademi, April ta June 2021, p.2
Ali Farshi's Poem and Archetype: علی فرشی کی نظم اور آرکی ٹائپ
No full textArchetype is a term in psychology and anthropology; this is a combination of conscious and unconscious; with the help of this unconscious, all nations are connected. It is the reason for the creation of myths, giant beads, symbols, and folk stories. This world is the world of the archetype in as much as it contains nothing that is not an archetype. It could indeed be said that most of the problems of modernity result from ignorance of archetypes. A man should therefore understand what that means because, without such understanding, he would fail to understand himself. It is a term that is also used in Urdu literature. The concept of archetype is with every writer. Ali M. Farshi is a modern Urdu poet. Modernity is a very important and multi-meaning term that was initially considered synonymous with westernization. Modernity in the subcontinent entered in the form of translation and Punjab Association. Ali Farshi's concept of archetypes used in his poems is covered in this research article.
Reference:
1. Hasanuddin Ahmad, Ph.D., A Research and Critical Study of Urdu Translations of English Poetry, Hyderabad:Villa Academy, 1983, pp. 6-82. Nasir Abbas Nair, Dr., How to Read a Poem, Lahore: Milestone Publications, 2018, p: 93. Hussain Azad, Nazm Azad, Martaba: Agha Muhammad Baqir, Lahore: Sheikh Mubarak Ali and Sons, 1947, p.384. Shahzad Ahmad, Rong, Psychology and Occult Sciences, Lahore: Sangmail Publications, 1997, p: 295. Ibid, p: 306. Nasir Abbas Nair, Dr. Ali Muhammad Farshi's Poem, Quarterly Publication, Karachi: March 2015, p: 147. Ibid, p: 148. Hameed Shahid, The Eighth Dimension: Ali Muhammad Farshi's New Book, Loveless Days, p: 169. Ali Muhammad Farshi, The forest calls me in the wind, Islamabad: New Books, 1999, p.92.10. Nasir Abbas Nair, Illustrating Ali Muhammad Farshi, Contained in: Nazm Naw, Issue 3, Karachi: Nazm Naw Publications, Year: 22011. Nasir Abbas Nair, Dr., How to Read a Poem, Lahore: Milestones Publications, Sun, p: 9612. Ali Muhammad Farshi, The forest calls me in the wind, Islamabad: New Books, 1999, p.93.13. Ali Muhammad Farshi, Life is not a case of suicide, Rawalpindi: Faiz-e-Laslam Press, 2004, p: 3714. Ali Mohammad Farshi, Life is not a case of suicide, p: 2015. Ali Muhammad Farshi, The forest calls to me in a strong wind, p: 10016. Ibid, p: 6017. Munir Sadiq, First Day Sunlight, Analytical Study, Content: Afaq, (Salanama), Rawalpindi: Qayyum Tahir, 2002.P.: 25418. Tariq Hashmi, The Third Dimension of Modern Urdu Poetry, Shama Books Publishers, Faisalabad, 2014, p: 20119. Ali Mohammad Farshi, Alina, Rawalpindi: Harf Akademi, March 2002, p: 4520. Ibid, p: 1321. Satyapal Anand, The Plateau of Aleena and Irfan, Containing: Kontakt, Kontakt Literary Institute, Faisalabad: December 2007.P.: 24822. Ali Mohammad Farshi, The forest calls me in the wind, p: 1623. Muhammad Hameed Shahid, Ali Muhammad Farshi. Death Walking in Sleep, Contents: Points, Issue 10, Faisalabad:Kontakt Publications 2011, p: 59424. Shahzad Ahmed, Rong, Psychology and Occult Sciences, p: 6725. Mehnaz Anjum, Poetry of Ali Muhammad Farshi, Dissertation for MPhil Urdu, Islamabad: Allama Iqbal Open University,2016, pp. 8-926. Ali Mohammad Farshi, The forest calls me in the strong wind, p: 8827. Hameed Shahid, The Eighth Dimension: Ali Muhammad Farshi's latest book "Loveless Days", p. 1828. Ibid, p: 829. Ibid, p: 2630. Nasir Abbas Nair, How to Read a Poem, Lahore: Milestone Publications, 2018, p.931. Hameed Shahid, The Eighth Dimension: Ali Mohammad Farshi's latest book "Loveless Days", p.1
Iqbal: In the Light of Early Poetic & Prose Creations
Full text linkAllama Iqbal is known for his unique style, diction and philosophy as shown in his verse and prose. His early day’s poetry and prose show a clear path on which he developed his philosophical and revolutionary stance later on. His poetry and prose articles created up to 1908 needs to be analyzed separately keeping in view the specific relationship between them. This correlation discovers continuity in thought and philosophy during entire creative career of Allama Iqbal. This analysis and study reveal the fact that Iqbal from his early days was thinking about these great goals for which he later made efforts
The Problem of Cultural Identity & Base
Full text linkThe cultural identity and national base of a nation is always questioned. Modern world seems to be overwhelming such concept. The problems of base and identity were born in last century and there was revolution on intellectual level. Globalization considers individual identity and base as a barrier to its own path. New terms have been introduced and world powers have forced small nations to adopt common culture and civilization under their agenda. However, the nations are always reluctant to lose their cultural identity resulting in chaos and deprivation of resources being provided by the super powers. In this article the crisis of identity and the concerns of the present and future have been discussed.
 
The Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's Journalistic & Literary Services in the Context of Pakistan Movement
No full textSir Syed Ahmad Khan Started a weekly journnal Tahzeeb-ul- Akhlaq. He wished to establish a scientific society, for the translation of western literture into urdu. He wrote a number of essays to mould the brain of the Muslims as they used to hate and consider the English education against the norms of Islam. Sir Syed had a dream of bringing back the past glory of the Muslims. For the purpose, he played a vital role for the perogress of the Muslims. In this article, his journalistic and literaery services in the context of Pakistan movement have been analysed