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An Analytical Study of the Main Characters in the Fictions of Allama Rashid ul Khairi: علامہ راشد الخیری کے افسانوں میں مرکزی کرداروں کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Full text linkAllama Rashid ul Khairi is considered to be a pioneer of Urdu short stories. His work is primarily centered on women's basic and social rights. He was a reformer who conveyed his thoughts and ideas in connection with Islamic teachings through his stories. Essentially, Rashid created various characters to challenge the behavior of a male-dominated society, including characters from feudal systems, the middle class, and the lower-middle class, all aimed at safeguarding women's rights in the early twentieth century in the Indian subcontinent. Main characters of the fictions of Rashid have been critically analyzed in this paper.
Reference:
Waqar Azeem,syed,Allama Rashid ul khairi(Tanqeedi maqalaat),Lahore:ganj shaker press,2016,p:5.
Asmat (dehli),jild no 57,shumara,july oaugust 1936,p:121.
Asmat (dehli),jild no 57,shumara,july oaugust 1936,p:125
Mirza Hamid baig,Urdu Afsanay ki rawayat,Islamabad, Academy Adbiyaat,1991,p: 35.
Waqar azeem,syed Allama rashil ul khairi(tanqeedi maqalaat),p: 185.
Allama rashil khairi ,afsana roaiy maqsood ,mushmoola:qatraat ashq,dehli:asmat book dipu,1944.p:107.
Allama Rashid ul khairi ,afsano khuda framosh,mushmoola khuda raaj ,dehli,alhjeema press,p: 107.
Alama rashil ul khairi,mehrokm warasat,mushmoola:sailab ashq ,dehli: asmat book dipu,1944,p: 68.
Allama Rashid ul khairi,haj akber,mashmoola: sailab ashq,dehli.,asmat book dipu 1924,p:68.
Allama Rashid ul khairi,bad naseeb kalaal.mushmoola:qatraat ashq,Lahore,darul ishaat,1936,p:37.
Allama Rashid ul khairi ,machran shehzadi,mashmoola: dehli ki akhri bahar,dehli: urdu academy ,1987,p:25.
Allama Rashid ul khairi ,machran ka jhoola,mashmoola:khudai raj,p:13
Waqar azeem ,Allama ,Rashid ul khairi(tanqeedi maqalat),p:176-177.
Allama rashil ul khairi,khiyalstaan ki paari,mushmoola gohar maqsood,Lahore: darul ishhat Punjab,1937,p:9.
Allama Rashid ul khairi ,sokan ka jalapa,Lahore,dar ul ishaat Punjab,1947,p: 33.
Allama Rashid ul khairi,tafseer ibadut,mashmoola:taufaan ashq,p:
Mirza Athar Baig’s Ghulam Bagh: A Post-Neo-Colonial Reading: مرزا اطہر بیگ کا غلام باغ: مابعد نوآبادیاتی پڑھت
Full text linkMirza Athar Baig is known for his unique style in Urdu fiction. In his novel "Ghulam Bagh" Mirza Athar Baig shows the essence of his best philosophy regarding the treatment of life, consciousness, self identity, characterization, psychological conflict and many other aspects. The philosophy of enlightenment is also present in the novel because enlightenment opposes outdated customs and preferences and considers collective human civilization as the ascension of humanity. Apart from power and domination, the philosophy of human relations is also prominent in the novel. The novel reflects the post-colonial era and the present era; therefore, modern technology and terms are widely used in the novel. Mirza Athar Baig has also experimented with several techniques. Cultural phenomena are central to postcolonialism, so it also studies the differences between colonial and colonized cultures. The novel is written in a post-neo-colonial style, which is different from the traditional style.
Reference:
M.Faster, Aspect of the Novel Printodin great britain, 192:19
H.Lawrence,Nasir abbas niyar,Dr,Urdu ka afsanvi adab,Multan,baikan baks,1982,page 213.
Athar baid mirza,ghulam bagh,Lahore,Sanjh publications,2006,flaip.
Muhammad Amir suhail,no abadiyat ,Lahore ,Aks publications,2019,page 34
Athar baid mirza,ghulam bagh,page 43.
Aizan 88-89
Muhammad Yasin ,Dr,Novel ka fan aur nazriya,Karachi,Fazli book,super market ,2013,Page 92s.
Nasir Abbas Naiyar ,Dr,Saqafti shinakht auer istamari ajara dari.,Lahore sange meel publications,2014,30.
Athar baid mirza,ghulam bagh,page 40
Aizan,412
Aizan,418
Aizan,637-63
Critical Study of Dr. Tabassum Kashmiri’s Poetry: ڈاکٹر تبسم کاشمیری کی شاعری کا تنقیدی مطالعہ
No full textDr. Tabassum Kashmiri’s name is very important with respect to modern Urdu poetry because he has significantly participated in the creation of modern poetry and the development of modern poetic style. He is not only a poet, but also a known literary personality of the current era as an excellent teacher, a literary historian, a researcher and a critic. The first landmark of Dr. Tabassum Kashmiri’s literary journey is his poetry. He insisted for his identity in the modern poetry and played his role for the provision of this new intellectual context. In this research article, the aesthetic elements have been analyzed which are presented in his poetry
Linguistic discussions of Urdu Language: اردو زبان کے لسانی مباحث
No full textThe beginning and evolution of Urdu language is a controversial issue in our country. The research and editing of linguists regarding the early characteristics of Urdu language and its development is still going on. First, European historians researched and edited linguistics and presented their ideas. These theories were an early reference, hence their importance to Islam. Subsequent researchers and linguists carried on the same work. The beginning of the twentieth century marks the beginning of a vernacular period of linguistic research. During this period, there is a tendency to assign Urdu to a particular place or place. Many researchers have traced the traces of Urdu in the Mughal period. Among them, Mera Man, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Maulana Sohbai, Shamsullah Qadri and Maulana Muhammad Hussain Azad are worth mentioning. And some say it is a Dravidian language and some say Urdu is the daughter of Braj Bhasha. There are many theories about the origin of the Urdu language, but it is not entirely correct to connect it with any one region.
Reference:
Shaukat Sabzwari , Hindustani Liasaniat , Lakhnow: Naseem Book Depu, 1960, P: 9
Meer Amen Dehlvi, Bagh o Bahar, Murtaba: Rasheed Hassan Khan, New Dehli: Anjumn Taraqi, Urdu, 1992, P:7
Shaukat Sabzwari , Dastan Zuban – e - Urdu ( Baab 2) , Karachi:Anjuman Taraqi Urdu Pakistan , 1987, P:37
Muhamamd Hussain Azad, Abey Hayat, Likhnow: Utr Pardesh Urdu Akadmi, 1998, P:6
Ain Ul Haq Fareed Koti, Urdu Zuban Ki Qadeem Tarikh, Lahore: Arslan Publications, 1973, P: 93
Ram Babu Saksena, Tarikh Adab Urdu, Liknnow: Mutba Nol Keshor, 1929, P:1
Mahau - din Qadri Zor, Hindustani Liasaniat, Liknnow: Naseem Book Depu, 1960, P:9
Shaukat Sabzwari , Dastan e Zuban Urdu, P: 74
Masood Hussain Khan, Muqadma Tarikh Zuban Urdu, (Baab Dom) , Dehli: Azad Kitab Ghar, 1954, P:188
Suhail Bukhari, Urdu Ka Roop, Lahore: Azad Book Depu, 1971, P:1
Study of Published Urdu Travelogues about Iran: ایران سے متعلق اردو کے مطبوعہ سفرناموں کا مطالعہ
No full textThe tradition of travelogue writing in Urdu began in the late nineteenth century. In that period, the Urdu translation of the books related to Iran, written by the English scholars and different personalities, paved the way for the creation of travelogues of Iran in Urdu. As this tradition of travelogue writing in Urdu got popular, the travelogues partially or completely related to Iran also increased in numbers. Having diverse styles, these travelogues may be divided into different kinds in terms of the objectives and motivations of their authors. In this article, a collection of travelogues of Iran published in Urdu is being presented that will be helpful in research about travelogue writing and especially about different aspects of Iranology.
Reference:
Sufi Malkapuri Hyderabadi, Maulvi Abu Tarab Muhammad Abdul Jabbar Khan Sahib, Mahbub-ul-Zaman Tazkira Shairai Deccan, Part II, Hyderabad (Deccan): Mutaba Rahmani, 1329 Hijri, p. 654
Zaidi, Syeda Nadira, Scholarly and Literary Services of Munshi Mahboob Alam, Supervisor: Ubaidullah Khan, Punjab University, Lahore, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Year of Defense: 1992, p. 191.
Nowshahi, Arif (1986), List of Persian Books of Chapsangi and Kamiyab in Kitabkhana Ganjbakhsh, Volume I, Islamabad: Center for Persian Research of Iran and Pakistan, pp. 938-939.
Baig, Mirza Hamid, Bibliography of Translations, Volume II. Prose Literature, Curator: Syed Abdullah, Islamabad: Muqtadra Qaumi Language, 1987, p. 116
Abdi Khajasta, Laila, Translation of Hai-i Haji Baba Isfahani into Persian and Urdu in Ancient India, Magazine of Anjuman Mafakhir, Year 15, Issue IV, Tehran: Anjuman Athar and Mafakhir Farhangi, Winter 1398 Shamsi, p. 14
Abdi Khajasta, Laila, Translation of Hai-i Haji Baba Isfahani into Persian and Urdu in Ancient India, Magazine of Anjuman Mafakhir, Year 15, Issue IV, Tehran: Anjuman Athar and Mafakhir Farhangi, Winter 1398 Shamsi, p. 15
Nowshahi, Arif, List of rare and rare Persian books in Ganjbakhsh Library, Volume 1, Islamabad: Persian Research Center of Iran and Pakistan, p. 849
Nowshahi, Arif, List of rare and rare Persian books in Ganjbakhsh Library, Volume 1, Islamabad: Persian Research Center of Iran and Pakistan, pp. 847-851.
Alam, Munshi Mehboob, Biography of Shah Muzaffaruddin Walli of Iran, Lahore: Khadim-ul-Tealim Publishers Punjab, 1902, p. 1.
Munshi Mahbub Alam, Safarnamah Baghdad, Khadim-ul-Tealim Press, Lahore, 1921, p. 3
Mir Gul Khan Naseers’ Urdu Poetry: Unveiling hid Poetic Brilliance: میر گل خان نصیرؔ کی اُردو شاعری،فنی عظمت
No full textThe Balochistan region is home to speakers and understanders of numerous languages. The inhabitants of Balochistan are not fully conversant in Urdu, even in this day and age of print and electronic media. About 80 years ago, Mir Gul Khan Naseer brought the scent of Urdu language to the people living in this desolate region. In the color of Urdu poetry, Balochistan was rather a boring tone before him. He may not be a native speaker, yet his poetry in Urdu has a unique fluidity and elegance. His works accurately capture the circumstances and happenings around him. His use of similes and details writing has elevated his poetry’s elegance. He has a whole system of tips and tricks and a jingle of Hindi words can also be heard in his expression.
References:
Shah Muhammad Marri, (Foreword) with Caravan, Contents: Gul Khan Naseer, Quetta: Mir Gul Khan Naseer Chair, Univ. of Balochistan, 2015, p.: 13
Wahid Bakhsh Buzdar, Mir Gul Khan Naseer, Personality and Art, Islamabad: Akademi Literature Pakistan, , P: 34.35
Agha Muhammad Nasir, Urdu Poetry in Baluchistan, Maqam Darhid, 2000, p.98
Abid Mir, Nasir Khush Kalam, Quetta: Mir Gul Khan Nasir Chair, University of Balochistan, 2015, p:21
With reference to: Sheikh Noor (compiled), Mir Gul Khan Naseer, Personality, Poetry and Politics, Karachi: Awami Adabi Anjuman, 1993, P: 67
Abid Mir, Nasir Khush Kalam, p. 62
Ibid
Ibid
 
Critical Review of Collections of Iqbal's Letters Compiled by Syed Muzaffar Hussain Barni: کلیاتِ مکاتیبِ اقبال مرتبہ سید مظفر حسین برنی: تحقیدی جائزہ
Full text linkThe work of research and criticism demands honesty and sincerity. The ideas of a thinker are preserved by editing his literary works. Syed Muzaffar Hussain Barni compiled Iqbal's letters which are considered as an important literary achievement because such letters always help the researchers to know about the literary trends of a particular era as well as the style and diction of the writer. There are both positive and negative critical opinions on his work. Compiling these letters was not an easy task. The scope of Iqbal's letters is very wide. It was very difficult to get them together. Mr. Barni completed this difficult compilation that made an easy access to Iqbal's letters. The work was lengthy, so there are some mistakes as well which have been identified. Barni's level of this effort builds new avenues of research and criticism. This has widened the scope of Iqbal Studies.
Reference:
Abdul haq,professor,Iqbal aur iqbaliyat,siri naga,mizan publications,2009,p 157.
Abu kalam Azad,Mulana, ghubar e khatir(muqadma: malik raam),Lahore ,maktaba Jamaal,2006,p 13.
Muhammad Allama Iqbal,kuliyaat mkatib Iqbal,Lahore:trateeb publications,P.15
Abdulhaq,professor,Iqbal ki tehreero main tehreef,Iqbaliyaat,Lahore,Iqbal Acedmy Pakistan,2005,p; 18
Muhammad Allama Iqbal,kuliyaat mkateeb Iqbal,Eidition 4)mrtbo: syed hussain barni)dehli :Urdu academy ,1998,p 34.
Abdul Haq,Professor maktoob bnam Muhammad Amir Iqbal ,1st February 2008,mashmoola .syed muzafer hussain barni ki Iqbal shanasi,tehqeeqi muqala M.Phil Iqbaliyaat ,Islam abad : Allama Iqbal open university ,2009,p 104.
Tauqeer Ahmed Khan ,Dr,tekephonic guftugu,Muhammad Amir Iqbal .10 February 2008.6 p
Consumerism in Modern Times: Necessity and Significance: عصر حاضر میں صارفیت: ضرورت واہمیت
No full textConsumerism and literature have a complex relationship. Literature often critiques and reflects on consumer culture, revealing its impact on individuals and society. Works like "Fight Club" and "American Psycho" satirize excessive materialism, while "The Great Gatsby" and "The Catcher in the Rye" portray the emptiness of wealth and status. Other authors, like Don DeLillo and Thomas Pynchon, explore the effects of consumerism on human relationships and identity. Literature also explores the commodification of art and culture, as seen in "The Secret Life of Things" and "The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao". Additionally, authors like Dave Eggers and George Saunders examine the consequences of consumerism on individuals and society, highlighting issues like inequality and environmental degradation. Through these works, literature provides a platform for critique and reflection, encouraging readers to reevaluate their relationship with consumer culture and its values. By exploring the complexities of consumerism, literature inspires critical thinking and sparks important conversations about the role of material goods in our lives
Social Analytics in Gulzar Danish's fictional collection "Guman Se Bayan Tak": گلزار دانش کے افسانوی مجموعہ ”گماں سے بیاں تک“ میں سماجی تجزیات
No full textGulzar Danish, whose real name is Muhammad Gulzar, is an Urdu fiction writer hailing from Halowal, a village in Narowal District, Punjab. His debut fictional collection, Guman Se Bian Tak, published in 2024, consists of twenty-five stories spanning 148 pages. A sociological analysis of Guman Se Bian Tak reveals that each story delves into unique and unexplored themes. These themes range from superstition (Guman Se Bian Tak) to the struggles of Afghan girls escaping from home, the portrayal of a house of prostitution, the illicit relationships of married men, and reflections on a society influenced by science. Gulzar Danish’s fiction acts as a mirror to societal myths, whether rational or irrational, which he intricately weaves into his narratives. Through his work, he highlights and critiques cultural and social issues, offering a deep insight into the complexities of human behavior and societal norms. This research article explores the sociological aspects of Gulzar Danish’s fiction, incorporating thematic, stylistic, psychological, character-driven, and physical dimensions of his stories
The Novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude”: In the context of Urdu Translations: ناول ”تنہائی کے سوسال“: اردو تراجم کے تناظر میں
No full textGabriel García Márquez's novel One Hundred Years of Solitude is a literary masterpiece, brimming with a wealth of concepts and profound insights. This iconic work has been translated into numerous languages across the globe. In Urdu, Zeenat Hussain and Naeem Klasra have rendered this masterpiece with remarkable linguistic finesse, selecting the most fitting words to convey its essence. However, the distinct approaches of the two translators become evident, highlighting differences shaped by their individual perspectives and literary backgrounds. While both translations demonstrate exceptional skill and craftsmanship, variations in style, word choice, and tone result in noticeable distinctions, offering readers unique interpretations of Márquez's magnum opus.
References:
Shahid Parvez, Comparative Study and Methodology, Urdu Duniya, New Delhi: National Council for the Promotion of Urdu Language, n.d., p. 21
Ajmal Kamal, Gabriel Garcia Marquez: Selected Writings, Karachi: City Press Shop, 2011, p. 607
Zeenat Hasam, (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, Karachi: Wahid Art Press, 2020, p. 9
Naeem Classra, Dr. (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, Lahore: Fiction House, 2010, p. 13
Ibid, p. 15
Zeenat Hasam, (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, p. 14
Khalid Javed, Gabriel Garcia Marquez: Art and Personality, Karachi: Sheher-e-Zad Publishers, 2010, p. 15
Zeenat Hasam, (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, p. 28
Azra Yasmeen, Gabriel Garcia Marquez: In Urdu Duniya, Multan: Books and Readers, 2022, p. 24
Atiya Syeda, Gabriel Garcia Marquez: Dialogues, Creations, and Critiques, Lahore: Idara Book Time, 2015, p. 59
Zeenat Hasam, (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, p. 87
Naeem Classra, Dr., (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, p. 86
Razia Abidi, Literature of the Third World, Lahore: Al-Khair Printers, Wail Park, 1988, p. 29
Naeem Classra, Dr., (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, p. 219
Muhammad Amir Sohail, Colonialism and Post-Colonialism (Theory, History, Application), Lahore: Aks Publications, 2019, p. 15
Zeenat Hasam, (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, p. 210
Naeem Classra, Dr., (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, p. 219
Zeenat Hasam, (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, p. 211
Ibid, pp. 295-294
Naeem Classra, Dr., (Translator), One Hundred Years of Solitude, pp. 13-12
Ajmal Kamal, Gabriel Garcia Marquez: Selected Writings, p. 62