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THE COMMON HERITAGE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Full text linkUrdu is an ancient Aryan language associated with Sanskrit. Its history in India dates back to about 1500 years ago. The form came into being which met the standard of literature. This is how the evolutionary journey of Urdu began early specimens of Urdu are found in northern India Amir Khosrow has tried his hand at all genres of prose. Urdu language words are often found together. That is why all Urdu and Hindi people recognize him as their poet. He used common sense language in his speech which was very clear language. Therefore it is appropriate that Amir Khosrow has accepted the influence of Punjabi, a Steep, dialect. The great heritage of Urdu is also found in Deccan who worked for the promotion & publication of this language. Therefore, the early impressions of Urdu are ancient. Among the earliest works of prose are Khawaja Ashraf Jahangir's Magazine and Khawaja Banda Nawaz Gesu Daraz's Miraj-e-Aashiqeen. The most important work of the century is Sub Ras. Another name of this book is Qissa Husan-o-Adal. The Urdu language is slowly developing
ISSUES OF IDENTITY AND SENSE OF INSECURITY IN KHALIDA HUSSAIN’S SHORT STORIES WITH REFERENCE TO EXISTENTIALISM
Full text linkExistentialism strives to analyze the basic structure of human existence calling individual to an awareness of his/her existence in its essential freedom. This movement fights against those intellectual and social forces which cripple, stifle or destroy freedom.
Khalida Hussain’s short stories describe the contemporary facts as well as inner feelings of the characters. She describes the inner pain and suffering of the characters in such a way that the painful truth of human fears, doubts, hatred and disgust is seen deeply. These reflect the individual's loneliness and uncertain mortality in their search for their self, and the fear of insecurity and failure renders them helpless and constrained. Khalida Hussain's characters are intelligent. They want the best of life and have a sense of selflessness both outwardly and inwardly. They try to make life meaningful even though they themselves suffer from loneliness, but they are dedicated to share the loneliness and pain of others through their emotions and feelings. She presents mystic ideas and the problem of existentialism in her stories. From this perspective, the anthologies of her stories: are a reference to her contemporary Existentialism. The paper explores contemporary Existentialism in her short stories
Intellectual Comparison of Allama Iqbal & Rabindarnath Tegor
Full text linkAllama Muhammad Iqbal and Rabindranath Tegor are the two most great personalities of literature of All India Sub Continent. The excellence and abilities of these two personalities are beyond exceptional. Both belonged to the same age and both have almost faced similar circumstances. Apart from this, both have been brought up in the religious and educational environment. That's why we can find similarities up to some extent in their ideologies and thoughts. But because both belonged to different nationalities, the purpose of their writing was also different. That's why conflict in some of their ideologies is also evident from their works. That's why the purpose of my article is to find similarities and differences between the ideologies and views of these two great personalities
A Critical Study of Slang
Full text linkSlangs are social criticism. In which rebellious and social values are apparent. Very often, the human psyche and parameters of society do not comply with slang words and idioms. The words, society admits without any excuse become admirers and grant weightage to the language. But such words, confined day today part of the language, are somewhat rude and of immoral sense are known as Slangs
Iqbal and the Universality of Unity of Islamic World
Full text linkIqbal's poetry is great and universal, and the best combination of divine values. He was a universal poet. He did not merely raise slogans for the unity of the Islamic world. He wants to see the scattered shiraza of the Islamic nation reunited. He wanted to recreate the same old glory, honor, and respect among the Muslims. Cordoba, Constantinople, Turkey, Palestine, Tripoli, and Granada Iqbal places it as an unforgettable monument. Iqbal has inspired recovery instead of greatness. The ultimate goal of Islam is for mankind to become one family. He has based the unity of the Islamic world on the unity of humans and has made the common cultural heritage the basis of his poetry. His words are not demeaning to any religion in the world. He believed that Islam is also the biggest supporter of this ideology
Poetic Craft in Syed Masood Hassan Shahab Dehlvi's Jang Nama
Full text linkPoetry after battles and wars between generations created masterpieces. These masterpieces remain constant in the history and memory of nations. 1965 Pak-India war inherited epic poetry to Urdu Literature. Shahab Dehlvi's epic poem "Jang Nama" is a work of art. He has narrated the story of the seventeen days of the Pak-India war. There are some art and craft problems in the poems of this war. Shahab Dehlvi has used his artistic skills beautifully to make "Jang Naama" a memorable poem. Particularly, the use of artistic innovations of poetry made this poem a great piece of Urdu epic poetry. Some technical terms of Urdu poetry such as Talmeeh, Irsaad, Trafuq, Maraatun nazeer, exaggeration, iham are crafted in this poem
Symbolism in Khalida Hussain's Short Stories
Full text linkKhalida Hussain is an eminent Urdu short story writer. She is an introvert in her short stories. Her short stories comprise multi-dimensional meanings. To attain this purpose, she writes in symbolic style mostly. This article attempts to analyze her short stories from the perspective of symbolism. Sometimes she uses concrete symbols and sometimes an abstract way of writing. Her symbols are neither so easy, nor so difficult to understand. She chooses them from life, society, folklore, literary traditions, eastern culture, and myth. She uses these symbols to express her inner feelings, self-actualization, stream of consciousness, interior monologue, existentialism, psychological problems, and also matters related to society. These symbols vary from each other and demand deep intention to understand them
Commemoration of Prophet (SAWW) in Ghalib's Poetry
No full textMirza Ghalib, a poet of Urdu and Persian, spent most of his life, refining his Persian poetry. In the field of praise and adoration of Mohammad (PBUH), his Persian poetry is the mirror of his creative endeavors. In his Persian Poetry, Ghalib kept on mentioning Prophet (PBUH) at the quatrains, odes, qitas, qasaids, and masnavis in praise of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). A study of Ghalib’s Persian kalam (word) mentions the prophet (PBUH) and shows all of his poems that have been written in the praise of the Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) are key topics in the articles. There secondary subjects such as the embodiment of Rasool (PBUH), Faraq-e-Madinah, and worldly demands are not mentioned. On the contrary, by describing the greatness of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) everywhere he has entrusted this gift of love to Allah in a very beautiful way
A Comprehensive Review of Abdul Aziz Khalid's Works
Full text linkAbdul Aziz Khalid is one of the most renowned Pakistani poets of Urdu literature. He adorned his poetry bouquet with multiple languages such as Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Hindi, and Hebrew. He wrote almost forty books on different types of literature, especially on Naat, Ghazal, Poem, quatrains, translation, and criticism. His knowledge & vision about Islamic history and literature of different languages is above board. The names of his books are very unique and earned immense popularity particularly Farquleet, MaazMaaz, TaabTaab, Manhamanna, Lehun-e-sareer, Abu Turab, Sani lasani, Kaf e Darya, Kilk e Mouj, Kharoosh e Khum, etc. The reader can enhance his awareness about religions, love tails, historic sense, idioms, phrases, Quranic Verses, Hadith, traditions of Islamic culture & life of Prophet Muhammad (SAAW)and his companions. His poetry is a beautiful blend of classic and modernism
Diverse Style of Satire and Humour and Three Voices of Bahawalpur Region
Full text linkA good mood is created by spreading a smile through satire and humor. Of a bird' eye-view on the evolution of Urdu satire and humor, each time we find better creations than the previous era. Despite the abundance of writers, only a few comedy writers have the quality of pens in this field. The Bahawalpur region has a strong literary consciousness and immense breadth. The names of Shafiq-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Khalid Akhtar, and Ibn Al-Imam Shaftar are credible in terms of satire and humor. These comedians enriched a genre of literature that is somewhat difficult in other genres. From the reading of their texts, it can be inferred that creative abundance does not need a big center or a name. Shafiq-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Khalid Akhtar, and Ibn Al-Imam Shaftar's style based on individuality gives a sense of importance not only in the Bahawalpur region but also in Urdu literatur