Journal of Research (Urdu)
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Some Principles for Designing A Communicative Course
Get PDFThere is an increasing awareness of the fact that we need to design new courses of English language teaching, as the old syllabi have become outdated. The new syllabuses should be based on communicative approach to language. The old syllabuses based on structural principles have not been successful in enabling the foreign learners of English to use English effectively in real life situations. Hence in this paper, some theoretical and methodological steps have been proposed to design a syllabus. This is done in the light of the results that we have drawn from various attempts already made elsewhere in research in the area of communicative syllabus design.
Lexico-thematic Coherence in the Waste Land
Get PDFThe general accusation against most of the post war literature regarding its incoherent and fragmentary nature has been widely accepted. Contrary to this allegation, I understand that despite being sketchy or fractional at the outset, modern literature does have internal unity. Without such an integrated organizational pattern, no piece of literature can qualify the test of time. The same applies to the Waste Land, a landmark in the 20th Century. Deeper level analyses at the aesthetic and semantic levels highlight an explicit coherent pattern in the poem. The specific lexical choice within the five parts of the poem demonstrates thematic development both at the individual parts and the entire poem as a whole. Thus, one observes that the Waste Land is an organic body composed of five disproportionate parts, all made up of the same lexico-thematic constituents.
جدید اُردو تنقید اور جدید مغربی تنقید(چند معروضات)
No full textThis paper presents an argument about why modern trends of literary criticism have not taken roots in Urdu. It begins by highlighting the fact that the subject of Linguistics and premises of Modern Philosophy have not been properly introduced in Urdu. Therefore the modern trends of criticism developed in these disciplines have not found a way in the mainstream of Urdu literary or critical traditions. Hence even though the new criticism in Urdu is loaded with the names of De Saussure, Levi Strauss, Roland Barthes, Jonathan Culler, Derrida, Lacan, Terry Eagleton etc., the ideas of modern critical theory have neither been properly understood, nor propagated and absorbed in Urdu. Also these names have been used by modern Urdu critics merely to project and promote their own narrow ideologues. The effort to popularize their views has not succeeded merely because it has not been seriously made at all. Consequently, any reference to these theories appears to be merely a cheap trick to win attention or superficial at beast
ملا مح التربیۃ والتعلیم فی ضوء القرآن والسنۃ
No full textTaleem (Education) and Tarbiyyah (Practical Training of Conduct) both, on account of their distinctive positions, play a significant role in catering to the personality of the Muslim according to the teaching of Holy Quran and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet, Muhammad (P.B.U.H). In this article concepts of Ta'leem and Tarbiyyah, and their complementary role in educating a Muslim have been discussed keeping in view their co-relation and differences. Moreover education and its role in the development of a culture, elimination of illiteracy and catering to the conduct of the Muslims have been discussed. References from the Quran and Sunnah are given in the article. The arguments in this connection explain that free education for everyone in a Muslim state is compulsory. Education is not only obligatory for the individual but the state is duty-bound to provide the same to her peoples. Islam appreciates the efforts to promote education and considers it a sacred Jihad
محمد سلیم الرحمن کی افسانہ نگاری
No full textMuhammad Saleem Ur Rehman is well known for his translations. He has translated a number of books especially western fictions. He is also a renowned critic and short story writer of our time. This article presents a critical analysis of his short stories and encircles Saleem ur Rehman's capability to write the fiction especially in accordance to the contemporary era
Pakistani English: A Socialinguistic Variety
Get PDFIn this paper, it has been explained on the basis of results obtained from an investigation held in Britain, how Pakistani English has diverged from Standard English, unnoticed by its speakers. The analysis and discussion are based on a qualitative research method, but quantitative data has been provided for confirmation of tentative results obtained from in-depth analysis of a text. The tentative results of analysis lead to developing an argument about how it is viewed by the Western reader, and how it should be regarded by its users as a variety in its own right. It should not carry any stigma because it is used creatively in the social context of Pakistan. This context is distinctly ‘bilingual’ and therefore it should not be compared to the norms of monolingual use.
مولود شریف(قلمی): غوث محمد شاہ
No full textThe enclosed script has been acquired from Ishfaq Ahmad Qureshi, the grand maternal son of Ghous Muhammad Shah, who is a teacher in the Govt. boy's high school No. 1 in Bakhar. This script (Makhtuta) contains Maulood Sharief which is incomplete and is quite mutilated. It denotes that it was composed between 19th and 20th century A.D. because Ghous Muhammad Shah's year of birth is 1886 and he died in 1933. Its study shows that it is in the form of Moulood Sharief, and important form of poetry critical survey of Naat, and Maulood includes the definition tradition and style of this form. Along with critical appreciation of this form and its traditions it includes an index and explanatory notes and references which are helpful to understand and evaluate this piece of literature
نئے لسانی علوم اور اُردو تنقید
No full textThis is essay highlights the importance of Linguistics as the basis of new philosophy in art and literature. It aims to argue that the basic ideas of linguistics are essential now to develop a new understanding of literary texts and characteristic style features of the writers. This argument has been supported from several books s written in English and Urdu that demonstrate the importance of stylistics in the study and analysis of literary texts
Towards designing a course for the Front Office Department staff at Pakistani Hotels
Get PDFEnglish is a major medium of communication among guests and staff in four and five staff hotels in Pakistan. However, due to complete absence of any English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) research in the Pakistani hotels, the hotel establishments have to suffice with non-customized English language courses at the hotel-run training centers. The present research aims at providing the ground for designing a tailor-made English language course for the Front Office Department staff. It identifies the key situations of guest-staff encounter and skills required by the staff to communicate with the guests in these situations. The data for this research was collected at eight 4 and 5 star hotels in Multan, Islamabad, Lahore, Faisalabad, Karachi, Peshawar, Bhurban and Quetta mainly through observation; interview was used as a supplementary tool. Two kinds of observation techniques were employed i.e. shadowing and participant observation. The results show that the need for skill of spoken interaction is common to all the staff, one major difference being in the channel, telephonic or face to face. Some personnel, that include Telephone Operator, Reservation Incharge, Concierge Incharge, and Business Center Secretary, need the note-taking skill while they are engaged in spoken interaction. Only one personnel i.e. Reservation Incharge needs two additional skills- reading and writing. Guest Relations Officer’s (GRO) job is the most diversified and challenging of all. The research also suggests different steps to achieve the finale of the course design based on this research
پرندے کی فریاد (تواردِ خیال کی ایک مثال)
No full textThis treatise takes note of a striking similarity that seems to exist between the Urdu poet Allam Iqbal's poem, "Prindey Ki Faryad" and another poem "Pinjrey mein Tota" written by the Napelese poet Leikh Nath Poudel. Whereas one may concede that the similarity owes itself to a universal theme of 'loss of freedom' symbolised by a caged bird, there may have been other reasons too. Hence, it is has been suggested in this paper that both poets seem to have the same kind of poetic sensibility. This is evident from many other poems written by them. Another possible explanation may lie in the similarity of social and historical circumstances of the two poets. Both poems have been written in the same age, and under similar conditions of social and political circumstances. One was writing against the oppression of the British imperialism in India, the other against the oppression of the Rana Dynasty in Nepal. Consequently the similarity of sensibility and socio-political circumstances resulted in an accidental similarity of theme and expression in poems written in two different languages of South Asia