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ضیا الحسن کی شاعری کا اسلوبیاتی مطالعہ
No full textThis study presents a comprehensive stylistic analysis of Dr. Zia-ul-Hassan’s poetry, focusing particularly on his Ghazals and Nazms within the theoretical framework of modern Urdu Stylistics.The research examines how Dr. Zia-ul-Hassan constructs meaning through his distinctive linguistic choices, thematic patterns, metaphorical structures, sonic and rhythmic organization, and rhetorical devices. His poetry reflects a unique blend of classical tradition and modern sensibility, where the inherited forms of Ghazal and Nazm acquire new layers of meaning through innovative diction, symbolic depth, psychological nuance, and intellectual refinement
ڈاکٹر نجیبہ عارف کے ناول ”مکھوٹا“ کا نفسیاتی و سماجی مطالعہ
No full textIn Mukhota, Dr. Najeeba Arif highlights the fracturing layers of individual and collective identity within the rural and urban landscape of Punjab through a complex web of postmodern narration. Divided into three sections “Dhoop” (Sunlight), “Saaye” (Shadows), and “Teeragi” (Darkness) the novel presents Salima’s educational struggle and her pursuit of self-realization amid historical upheavals, class-bound constraints, and psychological dilemmas. Through the use of intertextuality, metafiction, and symbolic imagery, the narrative explores existential loss, the conflict between appearance and reality, and the effects of migration. Ultimately, Mukhota frames the “mask” as a personal and cultural metaphor, inviting the reader to reflect on the hidden costs of progress and the inner journey toward coherence
ن۔ م راشد کی شاعری پر عالمی ادب کے اثرات
No full textRashid's poetry is one of the most significant voices in modern Urdu Nazm, distinguished by its intellectual breadth, symbolic depth, and stylistic experimentation. His poetry reflects profound influences from world literature, particularly Western literary and philosophical movements such as Symbolism, Existentialism, Modernism, and Romanticism. These influences are evident in the themes, style, imagery, and intellectual perspective of his poems. Rashid not only assimilated certain trends of Western poetry into Urdu Nazm but also harmonized them with local experiences and cultural consciousness. This study analyzes these influences on Rashid's poetry, examining the impact of poets like T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Baudelaire, and others. The research highlights how Rashid’s poetry was shaped by global literary trends and how he introduced new possibilities to Urdu poetry
لوح ِایام، ایران اور مختارمسعود
No full textThis paper critically explores Loh-e-Ayyam, the third book by renowned Urdu prose stylist and civil servant Mukhtar Masood, set during his diplomatic tenure in Iran amidst the Iranian Revolution. Unlike typical bureaucrats, Masood immersed himself in the socio-political upheaval of 1979, documenting not only the historical events but also the psychological and cultural transformations of Iranian society. The book blends memoir, reportage, and philosophical reflection, capturing the revolution through the eyes of a participant-observer who willingly leaves the comfort of his diplomatic privilege to witness and record history in the making.
Masood’s prose demonstrates aesthetic sensitivity, historical consciousness, and bureaucratic realism. He draws parallels between individual integrity and collective transformation, often using metaphors from literature, art, and architecture to critique political events. His experiences during street protests, economic shortages, and moments of near-death are recounted with literary depth and human insight. The work also includes satirical and humorous commentary on political figures, from Iran’s Shah to Pakistan’s Yahya Khan, using irony to expose vanity and failure.
The author’s attention to detail—whether in estimating protest crowd sizes or describing Persian calligraphy and culture—underscores his commitment to accuracy and appreciation of beauty. Loh-e-Ayyam transcends the genre of political memoir by offering a profound meditation on power, revolution, and personal responsibility. Dr. Zahid Munir Amir contextualizes this work as a unique Urdu narrative that bears witness to a world-changing moment while preserving the voice of a refined, patriotic, and self-aware civil servant
سید محمد اکرم اکرام اور حافظ شیرازی کے مشترکات غزل کا جائزہ
No full textHafiz Shirazi is the most famous poet of Persian “Ghazal”. His “Ghazal” has been popular in Iran and subcontinent, and Persian poets in Iran and subcontinent have been following his style. Among the poets influenced by him in Pakistan, one prominent name is Syed Muhammad AkramIkram. Syed Muhammad AkramIkram is a distinguished Persian scholar and poet of Pakistan. He continued to work in Punjab University. Several collections of his Persian poetry were published. He has clear influences of Hafiz Shirazi in his “Ghazal”. In this article, the poetic commonalities of Hafiz Shiraziand Syed Muhammad AkramIkram have been briefly reviewed
بانگِ درا میں ظرفِ مکاں کی معنویت (تجزیاتی مطالعہ بحوالہ حصہ اول )
No full textThis article examines the concept of "spatiality" in Dr. Muhammad Iqbal's first Urdu poetry collection, Bang-e-Dra. Iqbal’s poetry investigates how time and place influence human psychology and identity, reflecting on how physical spaces—be they natural landscapes, cultural landmarks, or sites of historical or religious significance—shape emotions, thoughts, and behavior. This analysis sheds light on Iqbal’s vision of "place" as an integral part of identity, national pride, and cultural heritage. Space in Iqbal's poetry transcends its role as a mere backdrop, emerging as an active character that affects the narrative and emotions. His verses connect profoundly with places like the Himalayas, symbolizing resilience and cultural roots, and religious sites such as Makkah and Madinah, which represent spiritual unity for the Muslim world. The study explores how spatial references in Iqbal’s work become emblems of national and spiritual identity, shaping intellectual and emotional journeys. Mountains and rivers often symbolize spiritual quests, while urban settings reflect societal issues and the challenges of modern life. Iqbal’s spatial framework invites readers to acknowledge the deep impact of environment on consciousness, transforming space from mere surroundings into a medium for philosophical reflection. Ultimately, Iqbal’s concept of spatiality is both inspirational and symbolic, offering insight into the intrinsic link between individuals and places in his vision of a culturally and spiritually enlightened society
گورنمنٹ کالج یونیورسٹی لاہور کے دو اہل قلم فکشن نگار: اکرام اللہ، محمد عاصم بٹ
No full textIkramullah is a well-known Urdu fiction writer known for his unique style. One of his characteristics is his deep observation of daily life and its small details, which examples are rarely found in Urdu fiction. His writing feels alive and full of energy, whether he's depicting someone's destiny, exploring their personality, or telling stories of love. Be they urban scenarios or escalating violence, images of despair or instances of magical realism, or plain realism. He never hesitates to have the last word in his narrative, especially at crucial moments where others act reluctantly, he walks with great confidence and courage. Overall, Ikramullah's work leaves a strong impression on readers with its vivid portrayal of life's intricacies. After Ikramullah, we will talk about Muhammad Asim Butt. Asim Butt is considered among the writers of modern thought. In his fiction, he has tried to see the existential problems of modern man in the background of urban life. Contemporary consciousness is evident in his art and his stories are a reflection of modern human problems. Most of his characters are forced to live in a fantasy world away from reality where they satisfy their unsatisfied desires. We can say that Asim Buttamp;#39;s stories deal with the problems faced by individuals in the modern era such as the helplessness of the individual, loneliness, his retreat at the hands of destiny, economic and social oppression, monotony of life, meaninglessness, fear, illusion and indolence. We can say that the fictions of Asim Butt have an existential impression on which the influence of the German writer Franz Kafka can be clearly seen
بانگ درا کی ایک نظم شیکسپئیر: اقبال اور شیکسپئیرکے درمیان چند ہم آہنگیوں کا سراغ
No full textKeeping in view Iqbal’s poem Shakespeare, which is a part of his first Urdu poetry book Bang e Dara, this article explores some important thematic parallels between the works of Muhammad Iqbal and William Shakespeare, two towering figures in literature from distinct cultural backgrounds. It examines how both poets grapple with existential questions, the nature of the self, and the interplay between individuality and societal constraints. By analyzing key texts from both authors, the article highlights their shared exploration of human emotions, existential dilemmas, and the pursuit of higher truths. The study not only underscores the universality of their themes but also suggests that Iqbal's modernist approach resonates with Shakespearean ideals, bridging the gap between Eastern and Western literary traditions. Ultimately, the article aims to enrich the understanding of both writers by revealing the connections that transcend temporal and cultural boundaries
اقبال کا تصور وطنیت (بانگ درا کے حوالے سے)
No full text“Bang- e -Dara” is Iqbal's first collection of Urdu poetry which was published in 1924. This collection contains the early poetry of Iqbal, in which the element of patriotism is prominent in addition to the descriptions of nature, love and moralsubjects. Most of his poems are full of feelings of love for the country. The poems of “Bang- e -Dara”show Iqbal's patriotism. The long poems of this collection are based on the natural scenes of the homeland and the glory of the subcontinent, through which Iqbal instilled the love of country in the hearts of the countrymen and he became equally popular among all the nations of the Subcontinent. Patriotism was very prominent in Iqbal's early poetry, but after his return from Europe, there was a significant change in his thoughts. In fact, Iqbal's concept of patriotism was completely different from the western concept of patriotism. The western concept of patriotism was based on color, race, language and geographical boundaries. Therefore, Iqbal began to consider the western concept of patriotism as a threat to Islam and Muslims. In his later poetry, Iqbal strongly opposed the western concept of patriotism and urged Muslims to remain as one nation which he called “Millat e Islamia” (the Islamic Nation), and which is based on Religion not geographical boundaries
شکوہ، جواب شکوہ: روایت اورفنی محاسن
No full textIn Iqbal's poetry, the awareness of tradition is not limited to Urdu alone, but extends to the styles of Arabic, Persian and Hindi poetry. Where the brilliance of the above-mentioned diverse styles shines in Iqbal's other masterpiece poems, it shines fully in " Shikwa, Jawab-e-Shikwa " as well. From this point of view, this poem is not limited to a religious experience or a national feeling like Hali's hexagon, but is also a high example of poetic expression.
In " Shikwa, Jawab-e-Shikwa " attention can be paid to its metaphorical atmosphere in the poetry. Iqbal has created a unique illustration through Golestan and its related works to show the contemporary crisis of the Muslim Ummah.In Iqbal's desert illustrations, the hints that introduced his Hindi songs to Hijazi have also shown their reflection, and the narrative characters who belong to the desert of Arabia, but thanks to the passion of love, Persian and Urdu