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Field, Mineralogical and Petrographic Features of the Micro-Vesiculated Mafic Enclaves in the Miocene Lava Around Sağlik and Yatağan Area, Western Konya/Türkiye
No full textVarious Mafic Microcrystalline Enclaves (MMEs) occur in variable sizes (from a few cm to a few meters) and shapes (ellipse/rounded-angular) with well-developed chilled margin in lava dome complex as part of the subduction-related Neogene Erenlerdagi volcanic activity at the west of Konya. In/around MME, some angular-rounded space developed, possibly due to shrinking after magma degassing, and sometimes filled by calcite. Petrographical and modal image analysis shows that the micro-vesiculated MME contains plagioclase (10-84 %, 0.09-3.1 mm), amphibole (10-25%, 0.16- 1.64 mm), clinopyroxene (7-20%, 0.37-0.77 mm), quartz (0-10%, 0.2-0.6 mm), biotite (0-5%, 0.81-1.63 mm), epidote (0-10%, 0.1-0.7 mm), piemontite (0-9%, 0.17-0.55mm), allanite (0-9%, 0.17-0.55 mm) and opaque iron ore (4-54%, 0.03- 0.67 mm) as major constituents with accessory apatite and zircon in a diktytaxitic-like and hypidiomorph granular texture. The MME also contain older and smaller enclaves (MMEs), which are composed of plagioclase (20-82%), brownish amphibole (9-25%), clinopyroxene (5%), quartz (3-10%), epidote (10-25%), and opaque iron ore (10-35%) in a diktytaxitic-like texture. MMEs are suggested to be formed by syn-eruptive mafic (basaltic?) magma underplating of a dacitic magma reservoir at the lower crust, possibly triggering the eruptions of silicic domes by an overpressure build-up. © 2024, Gumushane University. All rights reserved
The Extraction and Structural Analysis of Lineaments Around Gülsehir (nevşehir) Using Gis Methods
No full textThis study aims to determine the lineaments in the Palaeozoic - Cenozoic rocks outcropping around Gülşehir (Nevşehir) using Landsat-8 satellite images, shaded relief and slope maps and to compare them with field studies. Faulted structures in the region are formed by E-W trending thrusts, NE-SW trending reverse faults and NW-SE trending normal faults. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to produce the lineament maps. Google Earth and Landsat 8 images were also used. The shaded relief map (SRM) and slope map were derived from the DEM. The analysis of the produced linearity maps showed that the slope map and the integrated (SRM) map were more consistent with the field data. The lineament maps derived from the slope maps are largely consistent with the faults and fractures identified in the field. According to the strike maps, N15-300E and N75-900W orientated structures dominate the region. Lineaments show a tendency in all directions due to polyphase deformation. © (2024), (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico). All rights reserved
Synthesis and Evaluation of an Innovative Biochar Nanocomposite Adsorbent Derived From Cycas Revoluta Seeds, With Potential Applications in the Removal of Cationic Dyes
No full textIn this study, novel and functional adsorbents were synthesized by using Cycas revoluta seed (CS) biomass. The biomass was subjected to a slow pyrolysis process at a final temperature of 500°C with a heating rate of 10°C/min to synthesize Cycas revoluta seed biochar (CSB). After the thermochemical conversion of biomass into biochar, the nanocomposite structure (ZrO2NP@CSB) was synthesized by adding 5% zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles into biochar to increase the adsorption capacity. The synthesized adsorbents (CS, CSB, and ZrO2NP@CSB) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The adsorption efficiency of these three adsorbents was investigated to remove Malachite Green (MG) and Methylene Blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. According to the results obtained from the adsorption experiments of the nanocomposite structure, solution pH had a significant effect on the process and the highest adsorption efficiencies were achieved at pH 9. The optimum adsorbent dose was 0.5 g/L. The process reached an equilibrium after 45 minutes and 90 minutes for MG and MB, respectively. The relevant data were in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorbent capacities were 129.87 and 117.93 mg/g for MG and MB, respectively. The adsorption mechanism follows a monolayer Langmuir isotherm model. Experiments were carried out at different temperatures (25, 35, 45°C) to determine the effect of temperature on adsorption, and dye removal efficiency slightly increased with temperature. When repeated batch adsorption experiments were compared for raw biomass, biochar, and biochar nanocomposite adsorbents, it was observed that the raw adsorbent had a lower adsorption capacity than the biochar adsorbent. It was found that the biochar nanocomposite had the highest adsorption capacity among these three adsorbents. The findings suggest that ZrO2NP@CSB composite is a promising, cost-effective, and functional material for water treatment and can be employed as an alternative adsorbent for removing dyes. © 2024 Published by ISRES
Understanding the Effects of Machinability Properties of Incoloy 800 Superalloy Under Different Machining Conditions Using Artificial Intelligence Methods
No full textIncoloy 800 is frequently used in high-temperature applications as it has the ability to retain good metallurgical stability at elevated temperatures. Due to the nature of the applications used for, parts made from Incoloy 800 usually require different machining processes such as milling and turning. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the milling performance of Incoloy 800 under different cutting parameters (75–150 m/min and 0.075–0.15 mm/rev) and cooling conditions namely dry, flood, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) and Cryogenic (Cryo)+MQL. It was observed that all machinability metrics improved in the MQL+Cryo C/L environment. It is noticeable that the surface roughness value improved by 30% in this environment. In addition, a model based on artificial neural networks (ANN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) was proposed to analyze the results and predict optimum cutting parameters. It appears that Cryo+MQL strategies are the best option for all cutting parameters. It was found that the estimations for surface roughness, flank wear, and cutting temperature with the proposed ANN architecture are achieved with overall relative error of 6.08%, 12.38%, and 8.32%, respectively. The proposed model resulted in good performance between the experimental test data and the predicted values. The developed model made the most efficient predictions for the MQL+Cryo cutting environment. It was observed that the estimations of the different input parameters in the MQL+Cryo cutting environment present a relative error of 8.36%, 1.46%, and 2.38% for surface roughness, flank wear, and cutting temperature, respectively. By utilizing the predictive capability of the trained ANN model, the optimization of the input parameters was carried out with the PSO technique. Thus, with the developed PSO-ANN model, promising findings were obtained in overcoming important handicaps such as time and cost in experimental studies. © 2024 Elsevier LtdBingöl Üniversitesi: BAP-TBMYO.2022.00
Synthesis of P(n-Isopropyl Acrylamide- Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate) Thermo Responsive Copolymer Films by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition Method
No full textThis study illustrates the deposition of thermo responsive p(N-isopropyl acrylamidehydroxypropyl methacrylate) p(NIPAAm-HPMA) copolymer thin films by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) method using tert-butyl peroxide (TBPO) as the initiator. Copolymers were deposited at three different HPMA flow rates and the effects of NIPAAm/HPMA flow rate ratio on the deposition rate, structure and responsive properties of the as-deposited films were investigated. The highest deposition rate of 50 nm/min was observed for the copolymer deposited using lowest NIPAAm/HPMA monomer ratio studied. The deposition rate showed a significant increase with decreasing NIPAAm/HPMA flow ratio. Results of FTIR and XPS spectroscopy analyses revealed a significant preservation of structural retention in iCVD p(NIPAAm-HPMA) thermo-responsive films. Lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) of p(NIPAAm-HPMA) films were determined by carrying out a temperature-dependent contact angle analysis. Accordingly, it was shown that LCST was varied between 19 and 23 degree celsius, which was observed to be dependent on the NIPAAm/HPMA monomer ratio. That LCST range is considerably below the literature- reported values for pNIPAAM, which makes the as-deposited copolymer suitable for applications that require thermos-responsive properties at lower temperatures.This project was supported by the Scientific Research Projects of Konya Technical University with a grant number of 18201085.Scientific Research Projects of Konya Technical University [18201085
Rudna (lubin, Polonya) Bakır Cevherinin Flotasyon ile Zenginleştirme Olanaklarının Araştırılması
No full textIn this thesis, ore samples obtained from KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. in the town of Lubin, Poland, were used. The samples formed through three different lithological processes: sandstone, shale, and dolomite. The ores contain sulfide copper minerals, specifically chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite, and covellite. The samples, reduced to a particle size of -200 μm, were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry, revealing a copper content of 1.2%. Four experiments were conducted in a Denver-type flotation cell using different particle sizes (-200+125 and -125+100 µm). The best results were obtained in the 1a and 1b flotation experiments. Increasing the amount of the collector negatively impacted flotation, and the optimal collector amount was determined to be 100 g/Mg. Analyses conducted using the Henry curve method showed that satisfactory copper recoveries could be achieved with different Alfa values (1.39, 1.29, 1.24, 1.27). It is recommended to investigate the effects of different conditions and reagents on flotation processes.Bu tez çalışmasında, Polonya'nın Lubin kasabasındaki KGHM Polska Miedz S.A şirketinden temin edilen cevher numuneleri kullanılmıştır. Numuneler, kumtaşı, şeyl ve dolomit olmak üzere üç farklı litolojik süreçte oluşmuştur. Cevherler sülfürlü bakır mineralleri (kalkosit, bornit, kalkopirit ve kovellit) içermektedir. -200 μm tane boyutuna indirilen numuneler, atomik absorpsiyon spektrometresi ile analiz edilerek %1,2 Cu içerdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Denver tipi flotasyon hücresinde yapılan dört deneyde, farklı tane boyutları (-200+125 ve -125+100 µm) kullanılmıştır. En iyi sonuçlar, 1a ve 1b flotasyon deneylerinde elde edilmiştir. Toplayıcı miktarının artması flotasyonu olumsuz etkilemiş ve en uygun toplayıcı miktarının 100 g/Mg olduğu belirlenmiştir. Henry eğrisi yöntemi ile yapılan analizlerde, farklı Alfa değerleriyle (1.39, 1.29, 1.24, 1.27) tatmin edici bakır geri kazanımları sağlanabileceği gösterilmiştir. Flotasyon işlemlerinde farklı şartlar ve reaktiflerin etkisinin incelenmesi önerilmektedir
Analyzing the Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformer Models in Automated Bone Fracture Detection
No full textİnsan varlığı için hayati önem taşıyan iskelet ve kas sisteminin en önemli bileşeni kemiklerdir. Bir kemiğin kırılması belirli bir darbeden veya şiddetli bir geriye doğru hareketten kaynaklanabilir. Bu çalışmada, kemik kırığı tespiti, evrişimli sinir ağı (ESA) tabanlı modeller olan Faster R-CNN ve RetinaNet, ayrıca bir transformer tabanlı model olan DETR (Detection Transformer) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her model için farklı omurga ağları kullanılarak detaylı bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın birincil katkıları, CNN ve transformatör tasarımları arasındaki performans farklılıklarının yöntemsel bir değerlendirmesidir. 5145 görüntüden oluşan açık kaynaklı bir veri setinde eğitilen modeller, 750 test görüntüsünde test edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, RetinaNet/ResNet101 modeli diğer modellere göre daha üstün performans sergileyerek 0.901 mAP50 oranına ulaşmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, eğitilen modellerin bilgisayar destekli tanı (BDT) sistemlerinde kullanılabilecek vaat edici sonuçlar sunmaktadır
Kapalı Alanda Beacon Tabanlı Navigasyon Uygulaması
No full textGünlük yaşamda bir adrese ilerlerken veya insanları bir adrese yönlendirirken konum bilgisine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bundan dolayı Küresel Konum Belirleme Sistemleri (GNSS-Global Navigation Satellite Systems) gündelik yaşamda oldukça önemlidir. Genel olarak GNSS alıcısının yeteri kadar uydu görmesi halinde navigasyon amaçlı uygulamalar için konum belirlenebilmektedir. Ancak GNSS teknolojisinin sinyal yapısından kaynaklı olarak GNSS alıcıları kapalı alanlarda uydu sinyallerini alamamakta ve iyi performans verememektedir. Bu nedenle kapalı alanlarda alternatif konum belirleme teknolojileri kullanılmaktadır. Bu teknolojilerden biri de Bluetooth tabanlı Beacon teknolojisidir. Bu çalışmada Beacon cihazları kullanılarak kapalı alanlarda navigasyona izin veren bir mobil uygulama geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen bu uygulama Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi giriş katında test edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikli olarak test edilecek olan kapalı alanın haritası çıkarılmış ve Beacon cihazları bu test alanı üzerinde algılama mesafelerine göre konumlandırılmıştır. Sonrasında ise; daha önceden çıkarılan harita üzerinde, Beacon cihazlarının gerçek konumları işaretlenmiştir. Bir sonraki aşamada ise; bina girişinden itibaren hedef odaya kadar olan rotanın belirlenmesi ve gerekli yönlendirmelerin yapılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda gidilecek yola en hızlı şekilde ulaşmak için dijkstra algoritması kullanılmıştır. React Native ile geliştirilen mobil uygulamada kullanıcılara rota ve anlık olarak katedilen yol Leaflet kütüphanesi ile gösterilmiştir. Yapılan testler sonucunda bina içi navigasyon uygulaması hedeflenen konumların tespitini %90 doğruluğunda elde etmiştir
Investigation of the Dye and Antibiotic Removal Efficiency of Some Metal-Organic Framework (mof) Compounds
No full textIn this study, MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 and ZIF-67 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized, and their effectiveness in the removal of indigo carmine and ciprofloxacin was investigated. The adsorption efficiency of each MOF for indigo carmine and ciprofloxacin was studied under three different synthesis parameters, and the optimum conditions were determined. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of each MOF, while N2 adsorption-desorption measurements showed that the BET surface areas varied depending on the synthesis conditions. The morphological properties of MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 and ZIF-67 were investigated by FESEM analysis, and the distinct structural features of each MOF were observed. In adsorption studies, the optimum conditions for indigo carmine removal were determined. Kinetic model studies revealed that all MOFs fit the pseudo-second order kinetic model for indigo carmine adsorption and isotherm model studies showed that the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit for all MOFs. The maximum adsorption capacities for indigo carmine were calculated as 156 mg g-1, 357.1 mg g-1 and 370 mg g-1 for MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 and ZIF-67, respectively. In the removal of ciprofloxacin, the kinetic model studies of MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 and ZIF-67 were found to better fit the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Isotherm model studies for ciprofloxacin showed that MIL-53(Al) and ZIF-67 fit the Langmuir model and Co/UiO-66 fit the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacities for ciprofloxacin were calculated as 188.7 mg g-1, 45.17 mg g-1 and 322.6 mg g-1 for MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 and ZIF-67, respectively. The effect of NaCl salt concentrations on each adsorption process was investigated. Reusability studies demonstrated that MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66, and ZIF-67 exhibited sustainable adsorption performance for both indigo carmine and ciprofloxacin. All three MOFs showed high adsorption efficiencies, making them strong candidates for the removal of indigo carmine dye and ciprofloxacin antibiotic pollutants. Additionally, they are water-resistant, making them advantages for wastewater treatment applications.Bu çalışmada MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 ve ZIF-67 metal-organik kafesleri (MOF) sentezlenmiş ve indigo karmin boyasının ve siprofloksasin antibiyotiğinin giderimleri incelenmiştir. Üç farklı sentez parametresi kullanılarak her bir MOF'un indigo karmin ve siprofloksasin adsorpsiyon verimliliği araştırılmış ve optimum koşullar belirlenmiştir. XRD ve FTIR analizleri sentezlerin başarıyla gerçekleştiğini, N2 adsorpsiyon-desorpsiyon ölçümleri ise BET yüzey alanlarının sentez koşullarına bağlı olarak değiştiğini göstermiştir. MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 ve ZIF-67'nin morfolojik özellikleri FESEM analizleri ile incelenmiş ve her bir MOF'un belirgin yapısal özellikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Adsorpsiyon çalışmalarında, indigo karmin giderimi için optimum koşullar belirlenmiştir. Kinetik analizler tüm MOF'ların indigo karmin adsorpsiyonu için sözde ikinci derece kinetik modele uyduğunu ve verilerin izoterm model çalışmalarında ise Langmuir izoterm modeline daha iyi uyduğunu ortaya koymuştur. İndigo karmin için maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 ve ZIF-67 için sırayla 156 mg g-1, 357,1 mg g-1 ve 370 mg g-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Siprofloksasin gideriminde ise MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 ve ZIF-67 malzemeleri için yapılan kinetik model çalışmaları ile sözde ikinci derece kinetik modeline daha uygun olduğu bulunmuştur. İzoterm analizlerinde MIL-53(Al) ve ZIF-67 için elde edilen sonuçların Langmuir modeline, Co/UiO-66 için ise Freundlich modeline uyduğu saptanmıştır. Siprofloksasin için maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 ve ZIF-67 için sırayla 188,7 mg g-1, 45,17 mg g-1 ve 322,6 mg g-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. NaCl tuz konsantrasyonlarının etkisi her bir adsorpsiyon sürecinde izlenmiştir. Geri kullanılabilirlik çalışmaları yapılan MIL-53(Al), Co/UiO-66 ve ZIF-67 için sürdürülebilir bir adsorpsiyon performansı sundukları görülmüştür. Yüksek adsorpsiyon giderimine sahip olan MOF'ların aynı zamanda su ortamında bozunmaya karşı dirençli olmaları, bu malzemelerin endüstriyel boyalar ve antibiyotik kirleticilerinin gideriminde güçlü adaylar olduklarını göstermektedir
Study of Charm Hadronization With Prompt Λsub>c/Sub>sup>+ Baryons in Proton-Proton and Lead-Lead Collisions at √i>s/I>sub>nn Tev
No full textGrunewald, Martin/0000-0002-5754-0388; Cardini, Andrea/0000-0003-1803-0999; Wuchterl, Sebastian/0000-0001-9955-9258; Osherson, Marc/0000-0002-9760-9976; Gonzalez Fernandez, Juan Rodrigo/0000-0002-4825-8188; Mikuni, Vinicius/0000-0002-1579-2421; Borshch, Vladislav/0000-0002-5479-1982; Bertacchi, Valerio/0000-0001-9971-1176; Kim, Jaebak/0000-0002-2072-6082; Bardelli, Giulio/0000-0002-4662-3305; Perez Adan, Danyer/0000-0003-3416-0726; Saygin, Kadir/0000-0002-8419-1400; Kilminster, Benjamin/0000-0002-6657-0407; Sarkar, Tanmay/0000-0003-0582-4167; Yalvac, Metin/0000-0003-4915-9162; Tapper, Alexander/0000-0003-4543-864X; Hall, Geoffrey/0000-0002-6299-8385; Asenov, Patrick/0000-0003-2379-9903; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/0000-0002-3685-0635; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Tedeschi, Tommaso/0000-0002-7125-2905; Milosevic, Vukasin/0000-0002-1173-0696; KARA, Ozgun/0000-0002-4661-0096; Martinez Rivero, Celso/0000-0002-3224-956X; Staiano, Amedeo/0000-0003-1803-624X; Elmetenawee, Walaa/0000-0001-7069-0252; Akgun, Bora/0000-0001-8888-3562; Kaur, Harjot/0000-0002-8659-7092; Gerosa, Raffaele/0000-0001-8359-3734; Cipriani, Marco/0000-0002-0151-4439; Calderon, Dr. Alicia/0000-0002-7205-2040; Schieck, Jochen/0000-0002-1058-8093The production of prompt Lambda(+)(c) baryons is measured via the exclusive decay channel Lambda(+)(c) -> pK(-) pi(+) at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02TeV, using proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (PbPb) collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The pp and PbPb data were obtained in 2017 and 2018 with integrated luminosities of 252 and 0.607 nb(-1), respectively. The measurements are performed within the Lambda(+)(c) rapidity interval vertical bar y vertical bar 1 with transverse momentum (p(T)) ranges of 3-30 and 6-40 GeV/c for pp and PbPb collisions, respectively. Compared to the yields in pp collisions scaled by the expected number of nucleon-nucleon interactions, the observed yields of Lambda(+)(c) with p(T) > 10 GeV/c are strongly suppressed in PbPb collisions. The level of suppression depends significantly on the collision centrality. The Lambda(+)(c)/D-0 production ratio is similar in PbPb and pp collisions at p(T) > 10 GeV/c, suggesting that the coalescence process does not play a dominant role in prompt Lambda(+)(c) baryon production at higher p(T).We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 884104, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Founda- tion; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" - 390833306, and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program - uNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 124845, K 124850, K 128713, K 128786, K 129058, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the FundacAo para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/501100011033, ERDF "a way of making Europe", and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B05F650021 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).FWF; FNRS; FWO (Belgium); CNPq; CAPES; FAPERJ; FAPERGS; FAPESP (Brazil); BNSF (Bulgaria); MoST; NSFC (China); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT; ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland; MEC; CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF; HGF (Germany); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE; DST; SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE; UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYT; UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAK; NASU (Ukraine); STFC; DOE; NSF; Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 884104]; COST Action [CA16108]; Leventis Founda- tion; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EXC 2121, 390833306, 400140256 - GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [K 124845, K 124850, K 128713, K 128786, K 129058, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; FundacAo para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; ERDF "a way of making Europe [MDM-2017-0765]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B05F650021]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.