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Observation of Nuclear Modification of Energy-Energy Correlators Inside Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions
No full textKirschenmann, Henning/0000-0001-7369-2536; D'Anzi, Brunella/0000-0002-9361-3142; Chatterjee, Suman/0000-0003-2660-0349; Martikainen, Laura/0000-0003-1609-3515; Grosso, Gaia/0000-0002-8303-3291; Giacomelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6368-7220; Lampen, Tapio/0000-0002-8398-4249; Smith, Nicholas/0000-0002-0324-3054; Wilson, Graham/0000-0003-0917-4763; Pasztor, Gabriella/0000-0003-0707-9762; Hall, Geoffrey/0000-0002-6299-8385; Mitra, Soureek/0000-0002-3060-2278; Vannerom, David/0000-0002-2747-5095; Linden, Tomas/0009-0002-4847-8882; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950; Pesaresi, Mark/0000-0002-9759-1083; Forthomme, Laurent/0000-0002-3302-336X; Kyberd, Paul/0000-0002-7353-7090; Rantanen, Milla-Maarit/0000-0002-6764-0016; Csanad, Mate/0000-0002-3154-6925; Barroso Ferreira, Mapse/0000-0003-3904-0571; Tapper, Alexander/0000-0003-4543-864X; Zhang, Yousen/0000-0002-6812-761X; Viinikainen, Jussi/0000-0003-2530-4265; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641; Garcia, Francisco/0000-0002-4023-7964; Grandi, Claudio/0000-0001-5998-3070Energy-energy correlators are constructed by averaging the number of charged particle pairs within jets, weighted by the product of their transverse momenta, as a function of the angular separation of the particles within a pair. They are sensitive to a multitude of perturbative and nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics phenomena in high-energy particle collisions. Using lead-lead data recorded with the CMS detector, energy-energy correlators inside high transverse momentum jets are measured in heavy ion collisions for the first time. The data are obtained at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.70 nb(-1). A similar analysis is done for proton-proton collisions at the same center-of-mass energy to establish a reference. The ratio of lead-lead to proton-proton energy-energy correlators reveals significant jet substructure modifications in the quark-gluon plasma. The results are compared to different models that incorporate either color coherence or medium response effects, where the two effects predict similar substructure modifications.Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe'' - 390833306, and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program - UNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64, and 2021-4.1.2-NEMZ_KI-2024-00036 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR - Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF/EU, "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR'', and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207]; COST Action [CA16108]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EXC 2121, 390833306, 400140256 - GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64, 2021-4.1.2-NEMZ_KI-2024-00036]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India - NextGenerationEU program (Italy); Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund [MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033]; ERDF/EU; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670016]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA
From Raw to Fermented: Uncovering the Microbial Wealth of Dairy
No full textDairy products harbor complex and dynamic microbial communities that contribute to their sensory properties, safety, and cultural distinctiveness. Raw milk contains a diverse microbiota shaped by seasonality, storage conditions, lactation stage, animal health, farm management, and genetics, serving as a variable starting point for further processing. Fermentation, whether spontaneous or starter driven, selects for subsets of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, and molds, resulting in microbial succession that underpins both artisanal and industrial products such as kefir and cheese. Kefir represents a balanced LAB-yeast symbiosis, with species composition influenced by grain origin, milk type, and processing parameters, whereas the cheese microbiota reflects the interplay of starter and non-starter LAB, coagulants, ripening conditions, and "house microbiota". Methodological factors-including DNA extraction, sequencing platform, and bioinformatic pipelines-further impact the reported microbial profiles, highlighting the need for standardization across studies. This review synthesizes current knowledge on raw milk, kefir, and cheese microbiomes, emphasizing the biological, technological, environmental, and methodological factors shaping microbial diversity. A holistic understanding of these drivers is essential to preserve product authenticity, ensure safety, and harness microbial resources for innovation in dairy biotechnology
Investigation of the Structural Strength of a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Spar in an UAV Wing Based on Cross-Section Profile and Ply Orientations Using the Finite Element Method
No full textDue to their high strength, low density, and fatigue resistance, carbon fiber reinforced composites are widely used in the aerospace industry. The use of these materials is increasing day by day, particularly in the wing and fuselage structures of lightweight aerial platforms. Numerous studies can be found in the literature on this topic. In this thesis, the structural behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composite beams used in wing structures which is one of the most critical components of air vehicles has been numerically investigated with respect to cross-sectional profiles and fiber lay-up angles. Within this scope, finite element models were developed for beam structures with I, C, and box cross-sections, using fiber orientations of 0˚ and ±45˚, under aerodynamic loading conditions. A wing design was created for a selected aircraft configuration, and the pressure loads obtained from CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analyses conducted on this wing were transferred to the structural model using a one-way Fluid-Structure Interaction approach. Based on these loads, static structural analyses were performed. The results were then evaluated in relation to the cross-sectional profiles and lay-up angles of the beams. It was observed that the use of ±45˚ fiber layers led to sudden drops in IRF (Inverse Reserve Factor) values, whereas 0˚ fibers resulted in increased IRF values with noticeable fluctuations. These fluctuations became more pronounced as the ratio of ±45˚ layers in the stacking sequence increased. On the other hand, lay-ups consisting completely 0˚ fibers showed a highly consistent IRF distribution. Moreover, the use of ±45˚ layers was found to increase deformations in both the lift and drag directions. In terms of cross-section comparison, the box profile demonstrated superior strength, while the C profile proved more advantageous in terms of weight. Although the I profile was close to the C profile in terms of weight, it lagged behind both in strength and in terms of manufacturing complexity.Yüksek dayanım, düşük yoğunluk, yorulma dayanımı gibi avantajları dolayısıyla karbonfiber takviyeli kompozitler havacılık ve uzay sektöründe yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle hafif hava platformlarının kanat ve gövde yapılarında da karbonfiber takviyeli kompozit malzemelerin kullanımı günden güne artmaktadır. Bu konuda literatürde çeşitli çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu tez çalışmasında, hava araçlarının kritik bileşenlerinden biri olan kanat yapılarında kullanılan karbonfiber takviyeli kompozit kirişlerin kesit profillerine ve fiber serim açılarına bağlı yapısal davranışları numerik olarak incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, I, C ve kutu profillere sahip kiriş yapılarının 0˚, ±45˚ fiber kombinasyonlarında, aerodinamik yüklemeler altında sonlu elemanlar modeli oluşturulmuştur. Belirlenen hava aracı konfigürasyonu için bir kanat tasarımı yapılmış, bu kanat tasarımı üzerinde gerçekleştirilen HAD (Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği) analizleri sonucunda elde edilen basınç yükleri, tek yönlü Akışkan-Yapı etkileşimi yöntemi ile yapısal modele aktarılarak kanat yapılarının statik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çıkan sonuçlara göre kirişlerin yapısal davranışları kesit profiline ve serim açılarına bağlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulunan sonuçlarda ±45˚ fiber kullanımında IRF (Ters Emniyet Katsayısı) değerlerinde ani düşüşler görülse de 0° fiberlerde IRF değerlerinin arttığı ve dalgalanmalar olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu dalgalanmalar ±45˚ fiberlerin tüm katmanlara oranı arttıkça artmaktadır. Sadece 0° fiberlerin kullanıldığı oryantasyonlarda ise oldukça düzenli bir IRF dağılımı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca ±45˚ fiber kullanımının taşıma ve sürükleme yönlerinde deformasyonları da arttırdığı görülmüştür. Profil kesitlerinin karşılaştırmasında ise kutu profil dayanımsal olarak öne çıkarken C profil ağırlık bakımından daha avantajlıdır. I profil ise ağırlık bakımından C profile yakın olsa da hem dayanım hem de üretim zorluğu açısından diğer profillerin gerisinde kalmıştır
Investigation of Treatment of Paper Recycling Wastewater by Electrochemical Oxidation Process
No full textThe importance of finding the best environmental and economic methods for the management of wastewater generated in a facility using waste paper in paper production and improving existing methods will increase even more, considering the increasing need for the paper manufacturing sector and the trend towards reusing raw material resources for waste paper. In this sector, depending on many variables such as raw material source, content, and applied production method, the wastewater generated has a different composition on a country and facility basis. In this thesis, the applicability of the electrochemical oxidation process in the treatment of wastewater generated in a facility producing paper-cardboard from waste paper was investigated. In the electrochemical oxidation process, lower cost and easily available stainless steel and graphite electrodes were used, and the effects of ambient conditions (reaction time, potential applied to the electrodes, distance between the electrodes), initial pH level, electrolyte addition and the application of the classical coagulation-flocculation process as a pre-treatment on the treatment efficiency were also investigated experimentally. The efficiency of the electrochemical treatment process was monitored with COD and color parameters. Compared to the graphite electrode pair, higher color and COD removal was achieved with the stainless steel electrode pair. By using stainless steel electrodes, at the original pH value of the wastewater (6.86), at the end of 240 min reaction time, at the distance between the electrodes of 2.5 cm and for the potential applied to the electrodes of 10 V, COD and color removal were determined as 57% and 99.7%, respectively. Under the same conditions, the specific energy consumption was determined as 17.4 kW.h/kg COD. When the initial pH value was adjusted to 5.5, at the end of 180 min reaction time, COD removal increased to 66.3% and color removal was determined as 99%. The addition of electrolyte decreased the specific energy consumption value to 11.8 and 12.3 kW.h/kg COD for 0.01 M Na2SO4 and NaCl, respectively. It has been observed that the conventional coagulation-flocculation pre-treatment does not provide a positive contribution to the electrochemical oxidation process in the case of commercial iron (III) chloride and aluminium chloride hydroxide. It has been concluded that the electrochemical oxidation process using steel electrodes can be used as an alternative treatment method in the treatment of paper recycling wastewater, either alone or as a pre-treatment step, depending on the receiving environment to which the effluent will be discharged.Kağıt imalat sektörüne ihtiyacın artması ve hammadde kaynaklarının atık kağıt yeniden kullanımına yönelmesi trendi göz önüne alındığında, kağıt üretiminde atık kağıt kullanan bir tesiste oluşan atıksuların yönetiminde çevresel ve ekonomik açıdan en iyi yöntemlerin bulunması ve mevcut yöntemlerin iyileştirilmesinin önemi daha da artacaktır. Bu sektörde, hammadde kaynağı, içeriği, uygulanan üretim yöntemi gibi pek çok değişkene bağlı olarak, oluşan atıksular ülke ve tesis bazında farklı bir kompozisyona sahip olmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında, atık kağıttan kağıt-karton üretimi yapan bir tesisten kaynaklanan atıksuların arıtımında elektrokimyasal oksidasyon prosesinin uygulanabilirliği incelenmiştir. Elektrokimyasal oksidasyon prosesinde daha düşük maliyetli ve kolay temin edilebilir paslanmaz çelik ve grafit elektrotlar kullanılmış, ortam şartlarının (reaksiyon süresi, elektrotlara uygulanan potansiyel, elektrotlar arası mesafe), başlangıç pH seviyesinin, elektrolit ilavesinin ve ön arıtım olarak klasik koagülasyon-flokülasyon prosesinin uygulanmasının arıtım verimi üzerindeki etkileri de deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Elektrokimyasal arıtım prosesinin verimliliği KOİ ve renk parametreleriyle takip edilmiştir. Grafit elektrot çifti ile kıyaslandığında paslanmaz çelik elektrot çifti ile daha yüksek renk ve KOİ giderimi sağlanmıştır. Paslanmaz çelik elektrotlar kullanılarak, atıksuyun orijinal pH değerinde (6.86), 240 dk reaksiyon süresi sonunda, 2.5 cm elektrotlar arası mesafe, 10 V elektrotlara uygulanan potansiyel için, KOİ ve renk giderimleri sırasıyla %57 ve %99.7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Aynı şartlarda özgül enerji tüketimi 17.4 kW.sa/kg KOİ olarak tespit edilmiştir. Başlangıç pH değerinin 5.5'e ayarlanması halinde 180 dk reaksiyon süresi sonunda, KOİ giderimi %66.3 değerine yükselmiş ve renk giderimi %99 olarak belirlenmiştir. Elektrolit ilavesi özgül enerji tüketimi değerini, 0.01 M Na2SO4 ve NaCl için sırasıyla 11.8 ve 12.3 kW.sa/kg KOİ'ye düşürmüştür. Ticari demir (III) klorür ve alüminyum klorür hidroksit kullanımı halinde klasik koagülasyon-flokülasyon ön arıtımının elektrokimyasal oksidasyon prosesi için olumlu bir katkı sağlamadığı görülmüştür. Çelik elektrotlar kullanılarak elektrokimyasal oksidasyon prosesinin kağıt geri dönüşüm atıksularının arıtımında, çıkış suyunun deşarj edileceği alıcı ortama göre, tek başına ya da bir ön arıtım basamağı olarak alternatif bir arıtım yöntemi olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır
New Modified Liu Estimators to Handle the Multicollinearity in the Beta Regression Model: Simulation and Applications
No full textThe beta regression model (BRM) is widely used for analyzingbounded response variables, such as proportions, percentages. How-ever, when multicollinearity exists among explanatory variables, theconventional maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) becomes unsta-ble and inefficient. To address this issue, we propose new modifiedLiu estimators for the BRM, designed to enhance estimation accu-racy in the presence of high multicollinearity among predictors. Theproposed estimators extend the traditional Liu estimator by incorpo-rating flexible biasing parameters, offering a more robust alternativeto the MLE. Theoretical comparisons demonstrate the superiority ofthe new estimators over existing methods. Additionally, Monte Carlosimulations and real-world applications evidence their improved per-formance in terms of mean squared error (MSE) and mean absoluteerror (MAE). The results indicate that the proposed estimators signif-icantly reduce estimation bias and variance under multicollinearity,providing more reliable regression coefficients
Hanle Jeotermal Alanının Hidrojeokimyası ve Hidrotermal Alterasyonu, Cibuti-Doğu Afrika
No full textBu çalışmada, Hanle Jeotermal Alanının (Cibuti-Doğu Afrika) jeokimyası ve hidrotermal alterasyonuna dayalı olarak alanın jeotermal potansiyelinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Hanle grabenindeki beş içme suyu kuyusundan, bir kaplıcadan ve bir buhar yoğuşmasından alınan sulardan hidrojeokimyasal analizler yapılmıştır (pH, elektrik iletkenliği (EC)，SiO2, Cl, SO4, HCO3, F, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, B, As, δD, δ18O). Bu suların doygunlukları ve çeşitli jeotermometreler kullanılarak, rezervuar sıcaklığının yaklaşık 120- 125°C olduğu tahmin edilmiştir. XRD çözümlemelerinde yüksek sıcaklık ortamını (>180 °C) temsil eden smektit, klorit ve illit türü kil mineralleri ile kuvars, kalsit ve alunit gibi alterasyon mineralleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, Hanle bölgesindeki suyun ya yeraltı suyu ve ısıtılmış fosil deniz suyunun karışmasıyla ya da ısıtılmış yeraltı suyunun evaporiti çözmesiyle oluşmuş olabileceğini göstermektedir
Enhancing Generalization Performance of CNN-Based State-Of Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries
No full textLithium-ion batteries are the most important component of electric vehicles. Since it has a chemical structure, the State-of-Charge (SOC) of the batteries cannot be determined precisely, so it is estimated by various methods. However, the generalization capability of the methods to data obtained from experiments at different temperatures and different batteries is still a major challenge. Moreover, the distribution shifting occurring in time series may also reduce the generalization ability. In this paper, the generalization capacity problem has been addressed, and a SOC estimator based on a convolutional neural network framework is proposed. The proposed method reduces the internal covariate shift during training by using batch normalization and improves the generalization performance by normalizing each instance independently by using instance normalization. The results have been compared with state-of-the-art SOC estimation methods and increased accuracy has been observed. Tests were carried out by creating different scenarios. In the experimental results, the benchmark models were outperformed by achieving a 57.1 % increase in MAE accuracy for tests with data obtained at all temperatures (-20 degrees C, -10 degrees C, 0 degrees C, 10 degrees C, 25 degrees C), 15.5 % for positive temperatures (0 degrees C, 10 degrees C, 25 degrees C) and 24.9 % for negative temperatures (-20 degrees C, -10 degrees C, 0 degrees C)
Influence of Temperature and Stress Ratio on Low-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction of UD-CFRCs Considering Stiffness Degradation
No full textThis study explores the feasibility of stress-based and residual-strength-based methodologies for fatigue life prediction of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced composites (UD-CFRCs) under low-cycle fatigue (LCF) loading. The influence of temperature and stress ratio on stiffness degradation is also investigated. Stiffness degradation increased with increasing temperature, resulting in reduced fatigue life. Similarly, higher stress ratios accelerated stiffness degradation in the UD-CFRCs. However, increasing stress ratios also prolonged Stage II, the cumulative damage progression phase, consequently increasing fatigue life. To evaluate predictive capabilities, two distinct LCF failure models were employed: one based on the Basquin equation and the other on residual strength. These models were applied across three temperatures and four stress ratios, and their results compared. The Basquin equation-based model provided better agreement with experimental observations
Radon Anomalies in Water Sources in Hatay Region After the 2023 Kahramanmaras, Earthquake
No full textIn this study, we have investigated possible radon anomalies caused by the Pazarc ; imath;k and Elbistan earthquakes (7.7 and 7.6 Mw) and their aftershocks that occurred on February 6, 2023 in Turkey. Radon activity measurements of groundwater samples taken from 9 water sources between March 17 and June 25, 2023 were carried out in certain periods with the AlphaGUARD radon detector. During this measurement period, the radon activity observed in two water sources changed by approximately 5-times between the measurements. These significant changes in the radon activity may be related to the seismic activity in the region. The radon anomalies observed in these water sources may be of use in predicting possible future earthquakes to occur in the region.The authors would like to thank TUBITAK for financial support by the project number 123F038 and have no other competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.TUBITAK [123F038
Kuşatılmış ve Donatılı Panel Sistemli Yığma Yapıların Dinamik Davranışlarının Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi
No full textMasonry structures constitute a large portion of Turkey's current housing stock. These structures are particularly concentrated in rural areas. While these structures in rural areas are generally constructed based on the experience of master builders and building owners, masonry structures in cities are constructed with engineering principles in mind. Masonry structures constructed without engineering knowledge have low earthquake resistance. Newly constructed masonry structures can be considered earthquake-resistant if constructed in accordance with the conditions specified in the code. The 2018 Turkish Building Earthquake Code provides detailed information on the points to be considered in the construction of masonry structures. In addition, the code defines different types of masonry structures for new masonry structures. In this study, the dynamic behavior of masonry buildings with Confined and Reinforced Panel Systems, as defined in Chapter 11 of the Turkish Building Earthquake Code, was experimentally investigated. Confined masonry and reinforced panel system masonry specimens were produced in a laboratory environment and subjected to shaking table tests. The natural vibration frequencies, periods, and damping ratios of the samples were obtained from the data obtained from the experiments. When the results obtained from the experiments were examined, it was observed that the confined masonry specimen had a 5.8% increase in frequency, a 5.48% decrease in natural period, and a 6.20% decrease in natural damping ratio compared to the reinforced panel masonry specimen. Among the specimens, the confined masonry specimen increased its stiffness by 11.94%.Türkiye'deki mevcut konut stoğunun büyük bir bölümünü yığma yapılar oluşturmaktadır. Bu yapıların büyük bir kısmı özellikle kırsal bölgelerde yoğunluktadır. Kırsal alanlarda bu yapılar genellikle ustaların ve yapı sahiplerinin deneyimlerine dayanarak inşa edilirken, şehirlerdeki yığma yapılar mühendislik ilkeleri gözetilerek yapılmaktadır. Mühendislik bilgisi kullanılmadan yapılan yığma yapıların deprem karşısındaki dayanıklılığı düşük seviyededir. Yeni inşa edilecek yığma yapılar, yönetmelikte belirlenen koşullara uygun şekilde inşa edildiğinde depreme dayanıklı yapı olarak nitelendirilebilirler. 2018 Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği, yığma yapıların inşasında dikkat edilmesi gereken hususları detaylı şekilde açıklamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra, yönetmelikte yeni yapılacak yığma yapılar için farklı yığma yapı türleri de tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliğinin 11. bölümünde yer alan Kuşatılmış ve Donatılı Panel Sistemli yığma binaların dinamik davranışları deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Laboratuvar ortamında kuşatılmış yığma yapı ve donatılı panel sistemli yığma yapı numuneleri üretilmiş, sarsma tablasında deneylere tabi tutulmuştur. Deneyler sonucunda elde edilen verilerden numunelerin doğal titreşim frekansları, periyotları ve sönüm oranları elde edilmiştir. Yapılan deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde, kuşatılmış yığma yapı numunesinin donatılı panel sistemli yığma yapı numunesine göre frekans değerinde %5,8 oranında artış, doğal periyot değerinde %5,48 azalış ve doğal sönüm oranında %6,20 azalış olduğu görülmüştür. Numuneler arasında kuşatılmış yığma yapı numunesinin %11,94 oranında rijitliği artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir