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Search for the Higgs Boson Decays To a Ρ0 Φ, or K*0 Meson and a Photon in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13 Tev
No full textGiammanco, Andrea/0000-0001-9640-8294; Tornago, Marta/0000-0001-6768-1056; Ruiz, Jose/0000-0002-3306-0363; Cardini, Andrea/0000-0003-1803-0999; Leonidou, Christos/0009-0008-6993-2005; Mora Herrera, Maria Clemencia/0000-0003-3915-3170; Evdokimov, Olga/0000-0002-1250-8931; Moscatelli, Francesco/0000-0002-7676-3106; Murillo Quijada, Javier Alberto/0000-0003-4933-2092; Tytgat, Michael/0000-0002-3990-2074;Three rare decay processes of the Higgs boson to a rho(770)(0), phi(1020), or K-* (892)(0) meson and a photon are searched for using root s = 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Events are selected assuming the mesons decay into a pair of charged pions, a pair of charged kaons, or a charged kaon and pion, respectively. Depending on the Higgs boson production mode, different triggering and reconstruction techniques are adopted. The analyzed data sets correspond to integrated luminosities up to 138 fb(-1), depending on the reconstructed final state. After combining various data sets and categories, no significant excess above the background expectations is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level on the Higgs boson branching fractions into rho(770)(0)gamma, phi(1020)gamma, and K-*(892)(0)gamma are determined to be 3.7 x 10(-4), 3.0 x 10(-4), and 3.0 x 10(-4), respectively. In case of the rho(770)(0)gamma and phi(1020)gamma channels, these are the most stringent experimental limits to date
Leaching Kinetics of Metallic Silver With Sodium Cyanide in Hydrogen Peroxide Solution
No full textThis article describes the kinetics of dissolving pure metallic silver (Ag) in sodium cyanide with a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. The impacts of temperature, sodium cyanide concentration, rotation speed, and H2O2 concentration were investigated. The findings demonstrate that a favourable relationship exists between the rate of silver dissolution and the rotation speed. Moreover, sodium cyanide concentration of 0.0125 M was sufficient to dissolve silver. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations between 0.05 and 0.035 M have a significant impact on the dissolution rate; however, 0.050 M concentration had an adverse effect and resulted in the formation of a silver oxide layer. Temperatures between 20 and 55°C have a positive influence because this range is where H2O2 is stable, but a temperature of 60°C decreased the silver dissolution rate due to decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. A measurement of 21.50 kJ/mol was calculated of the activation energy. © 2025 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Image Enhancement in Industrial Welding Environment With Image Processing Techniques
No full textWith the increase and acceleration of production capacity, computer-based control mechanisms are becoming increasingly common in industrial applications. The use of intelligent welding robots in the welding industry is increasing due to their instant decision-making and application capabilities. For this reason, computer vision systems and image processing algorithms are increasingly used. Although visual limitations in sensors and industrial environmental conditions (arc, noise, dust, etc.) cause problems in robotic welding applications, computer-controlled systems achieve much more efficient results than operator-controlled systems. One of the most important points here is the applicability and stability of the algorithm to the system. In this study, considering the computational load of image processing algorithms and the negative effects of this computational load in moving environments, a more stable and efficient image feature extraction algorithm was tried to be created for robotic welding applications. After the welding process, object recognition was performed by performing object feature matching with the help of samples taken from the weld images. A new algorithm was created to recognize welding processes that differ from each other in some aspects with multiple samples and even to detect different types of welds. This algorithm reduces the images to gray level and performs a pre-processing step to remove noise with a filtering process, then detects the weld points with the help of predetermined templates and decides how accurately these points are made. Thanks to the NCC Template Matching method used in the algorithm, the running time of the algorithm is accelerated and more accurate results are obtained by introducing more than one template Experimental method aimed both to calculate the accuracy rate in case the same type of weld operations are different from each other and to recognize the operations performed with different types of welds. While the detection level was around 60% in images without image preprocessing, the detection rate exceeded 70% in images with image preprocessing. In the experiments conducted on the images taken with the Template Matching algorithm, it was observed that the detection rate increased to around 75% at different threshold values. In addition, with the region of interest selection and NCC method, the running time of the algorithm was reduced to 190 ms on average. Considering the results obtained in the experiments, the algorithm significantly improved the accuracy rates of spot welding and the differentiation of different weld types. By using sufficient light welds and correct experimental equipment, the success rate of the Template Matching algorithm has been increased and the processing load has been alleviated. The effect of external environmental conditions, which is considered the biggest disadvantage of the algorithm, is minimized with lighting elements
Interactive and Adaptive Traffic Management Model at Signalized Intersections
No full textThe increasing urbanization rate along with the population inevitably increases the traffic density caused by the vehicles people use for transportation day by day. For this reason, traffic management has become one of the most critical elements in city life. The biggest problem on the roads people use for transportation is the signalized intersections where the roads intersect and prevent uninterrupted traffic flow. It is seen that signalization controls play a very big role in preventing delays in traffic. Ensuring the most efficient flow of traffic at these intersections is very important both for the country's economy by causing less fuel consumption and for the creation of a more sustainable environment by reducing carbon dioxide emissions caused by internal combustion vehicles. Within the scope of this thesis, studies that will make positive contributions to traffic flow were carried out and an adaptive traffic management model that can be operated on signalized intersections was developed. The adaptive model developed to efficiently provide and control traffic flow at intersections has phase operation in the minimum and maximum time range and phase skipping features according to traffic density. The most significant difference of this developed model from other signalized intersection controls is that it controls traffic flow at intersections not sequentially but with a flexible phase structure. In order to examine the results of the developed adaptive traffic management model and to solve possible problems, the adaptive model obtained as a result of the study was simulated one-to-one in the SUMO simulation program using real intersection data belonging to Heybe Intersection on the Kemer district road within the borders of Antalya province. The adaptive traffic management model obtained as a result of this simulation study was applied to this intersection and the obtained results were interpreted and evaluated. In this study, the improvement results obtained from the SUMO program were verified with different methods. Delay calculation was performed on the Heybe Intersection fixed-time signaling system data with Webster's theorem. In addition, the delay values of the vehicles were determined with the visual detection method via the camera and the delay parameter per vehicle was calculated. Finally, the Heybe Intersection was modeled in the AIMSUN simulation program and operated on the same traffic data with the SUMO simulation operation. Thus, three different verification methods were applied, namely Webster's theorem, the visual detection method and the AIMSUN simulation program. Similar results were obtained with the SUMO simulation output from all verification methods. Thus, the effect results of the designed adaptive intersection control model on the intersection were verified. Finally, a performance measurement sensor was designed in the study and placed at the Heybe Intersection. A system design that can perform real-time performance measurement at signalized intersections with Bluetooth signals was implemented. The performance measurement system, which can detect the delay values originating from the signaling system by measuring the travel times of the vehicles at the intersection arms via Bluetooth signals, was used to determine the effect of the developed adaptive intersection control model on the intersection all day long. The outcomes of the adaptive intersection control model developed in this study were assessed using a performance measurement system specifically designed for this purpose. According to the results, each subcomponent of the adaptive intersection control model positively impacts performance compared to the fixed-time signaling system. Key features, including minimum and maximum time interval phase time, phase skipping, the variable matrix structure, and adaptive phase configuration, were enhanced the efficiency of the signalized intersection. As a result of the study, the application of the developed adaptive traffic management model in the morning one-hour peak traffic at Heybe Intersection, where serves an average of 50,000 vehicles daily, reduced the average delay per vehicle by 28.1 seconds/vehicle, reduced the waiting time by 28.5 seconds/vehicle and increased the average speed by 0.91 kilometers/hour compared to the fixed-time signaling management. In addition, in the measurements made throughout the day with the designed performance measurement system, it was determined that the application of the developed adaptive traffic management model to Heybe Intersection provided an improvement of 38.42% in the average delay per vehicle compared to the fixed-time signaling management.Nüfus ile birlikte artan şehirleşme oranı ister istemez insanların ulaşımda kullandıkları araçların neden olduğu trafik yoğunluğunu da her geç gün artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle trafiğin yönetimi artık şehir yaşamında en kritik unsurlardan biri olmuştur. İnsanların ulaşımda kullandıkları taşıt yollarının üzerindeki en büyük sorun yolların birbiriyle kesiştiği ve kesintisiz trafik akışını engelleyen sinyalize kavşaklardır. Trafikte meydana gelen gecikmeleri önlemede, sinyalizasyon kontrollerinin çok büyük bir role sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu kavşaklarda trafiğin en verimli şekilde akışının sağlanması, hem daha az yakıt tüketimine sebep olması nedeniyle ülke ekonomisine hem de içten yanmalı taşıtların sebep olduğu karbondioksit emisyonunun azaltılması nedeniyle daha sürdürülebilir bir çevre oluşturulmasına sağlayacağı katkılar çok önemlidir. Bu doktora tez çalışması kapsamında trafik akışına olumlu katkılar sağlayacak çalışmalar yapılarak sinyalize kavşaklar üzerinde işletilebilecek bir adaptif trafik yönetim modeli geliştirilmiştir. Kavşaklarda trafik akışını verimli bir şekilde sağlamak ve kontrol etmek üzere geliştirilen adaptif model, trafik yoğunluğuna göre minimum ve maksimum süre aralığında faz işletimi ve faz atlama özelliklerine sahiptir. Geliştirilen bu modelin diğer sinyalize kavşak kontrollerinden en belirgin farklılığı ise sıralı değil, esnek faz yapısına sahip olarak kavşaklarda trafik akışını kontrol etmesidir. Geliştirilen adaptif trafik yönetim modelinin sonuçlarını irdelemek ve karşılaşılması muhtemel sorunların çözümü için çalışma sonucunda elde edilen adaptif model, Antalya ili sınırları içerisinde bulunan Kemer ilçesi yolu üzerindeki Heybe Kavşağı'na ait gerçek kavşak verileri kullanılarak SUMO simülasyon programında birebir simüle edilmiştir. Bu simülasyon çalışması sonucunda elde edilen adaptif trafik yönetim modeli, bu kavşakta uygulanmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, SUMO programından elde edilen iyileştirme sonuçları farklı yöntemlerle doğrulanmıştır. Webster teoremi ile Heybe Kavşağı sabit zamanlı sinyalizasyon sistemi verileri üzerinden gecikme hesaplaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, kamera üzerinden görsel tespit metodu ile araçların gecikme değerleri saptanmış ve araç başına gecikme parametresi tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak AIMSUN simülasyon programında Heybe Kavşağı modellenmiş ve SUMO simülasyon işletimi ile aynı trafik verilerinde işletilmiştir. Böylelikle, Webster teoremi, görsel tespit metodu ve AIMSUN simülasyon programı olmak üzere üç farklı doğrulama yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Bütün doğrulama yöntemlerinden SUMO simülasyon çıktısı ile benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Böylelikle geliştirilen adaptif trafik yönetim modelinin kavşağa olan etki sonuçları doğrulanmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında, son olarak performans ölçüm sensörü tasarlanmış ve Heybe Kavşağı'na yerleştirilmiştir. Bluetooth sinyalleri ile sinyalize kavşaklarda gerçek zamanlı performans ölçümü yapabilecek bir sistem tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kavşak kollarındaki araçların bluetooth sinyalleri üzerinden seyahat sürelerini ölçerek sinyalizasyon sisteminden kaynaklı gecikme değerlerini tespit edebilen performans ölçüm sistemi, geliştirilen adaptif trafik yönetim modelinin tüm gün kavşaktaki etkisini tespit etmede kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada geliştirilen adaptif trafik yönetim modelinin sonuçları bu çalışmada tasarlanan performans ölçüm sistemi ile tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen sonuçlara göre geliştirilen adaptif trafik yönetim modelinin her bir alt bileşenin performansa etkisi sabit zamanlı sinyalizasyon sistemine göre olumlu yöndedir. Minimum maksimum süre aralığı faz işletimi, faz atlama, matris yapı ve dinamik faz özellikleri sinyalize kavşak performansını daha verimli hale getirmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, günlük ortalama 50.000 adet aracın kullandığı Heybe Kavşağı'nda geliştirilen adaptif trafik yönetim modelinin sabah bir saatlik yoğun trafikte uygulanması ile sabit zamanlı sinyalizasyon yönetimine göre araç başına ortalama gecikme 28,1 saniye/taşıt, bekleme süresi 28,5 saniye/taşıt azaltılmış ve ortalama hız 0,91 kilometre/saat artırılmıştır. Ayrıca, tasarlanan performans ölçüm sistemi ile tüm gün yapılan ölçümlerde, geliştirilen adaptif trafik yönetim modelinin Heybe Kavşağı'na uygulanması ile sabit zamanlı sinyalizasyon yönetimine göre araç başına ortalama gecikmede %38,42 oranında iyileşme sağladığı tespit edilmiştir
Search for Pair Production of Heavy Particles Decaying to a Top Quark and a Gluon in the Lepton+Jets Final State in Proton–Proton Collisions at √s=13 TeV
No full textA search is presented for the pair production of new heavy resonances, each decaying into a top quark (t) or antiquark and a gluon (g). The analysis uses data recorded with the CMS detector from proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb-1. Events with one muon or electron, multiple jets, and missing transverse momentum are selected. After using a deep neural network to enrich the data sample with signal-like events, distributions in the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of all reconstructed objects are analyzed in the search for a signal. No significant deviations from the standard model prediction are found. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared for the pair production of excited top quarks in the t∗→tg decay channel. The upper limits range from 120 to 0.8fb for a t∗with spin-1/2 and from 15 to 1.0fb for a t∗with spin-3/2. These correspond to mass exclusion limits up to 1050 and 1700GeV for spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 t∗particles, respectively. These are the most stringent limits to date on the existence of t∗→tg resonances. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Experimental Analysis of Discharge Capacity of Ogee Type Side Weirs
No full textSide weirs are structures placed parallel to the main channel or at certain angles in order to discharge excess water through side channels to prevent floods in the channels and to control the level and flow rate of water in the main channels. Ogee type weirs are among the most important parts of the dams and the reservoirs. Weir structures are essential to ensure the safety of the structure in case of any possible flood and to transfer the flood waters in a controlled or uncontrolled manner. In this study, it is aimed to experimentally investigate the discharge capacity of ogee type weirs used as spillways in order to ensure the safety of the reservoirs when they are used as side weirs. For this purpose, the capacity of ogee type weirs compared with sharp crested weirs. According to the comparison of the weirs, it was seen that ogee type side weirs have a better discharge capacity. In addition, a flow coefficient equation was obtained for the side weir with ogee profile and the validity of the equation was examined by comparing the values calculated by the equation with the measurement results. As a result of the comparison. R-2 value was determined as 0.9932 and RMSE value was calculated as 0.102x10(-3). According to R-2 value it was seen that the calculation of discharge with the obtained weir coefficient gave quite reliable results.Yan savaklar, kanallardaki taşkınların önüne geçebilmek amacıyla fazla suyun yan kanallarla deşarj edilmesi, suyun belli bir miktarının başka bir yere yönlendirilmesi, ana kanallardaki suyun seviyesinin ve debinin kontrol edilmesi amacıyla ana kanala paralel veya belirli açılarla yerleştirilen yapılardır. Ogee tipi savak yapıları biriktirme yapılarının en önemli kısımları arasındadır. Herhangi bir olası taşkın durumunda yapının güvenliğini sağlamak, taşkın sularını kontrollü veya kontrolsüz bir şekilde aktarabilmek için savak yapıları gereklidir. Bu çalışmada biriktirme yapılarının güvenliğini sağlamak için dolusavak olarak kullanılan Ogee tipi savakların yan savak olarak kullanılması durumunda savaklama kapasitesinin deneysel olarak araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca Ogee profiline sahip yan savak için bir debi katsayısı denklemi elde edilmiş ve bu denklem sonucunda hesaplanan değerler ile ölçüm sonuçları karşılaştırılarak denklemin geçerliliği irdelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Ogee tipi yan savakların keskin kenarlı savaklara göre daha iyi bir savaklama performansına sahip olduğu ve elde edilen savak katsayısı ile savaklanan debilerin hesabının oldukça güvenilir sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür
Effect of the Unb Topographical Density Model on Geoid Determination of Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina
No full textVrce, Esad/0000-0002-2354-3601This study assesses the effect of the UNB Topographical Density Model on the accuracy of geoid determination in Sarajevo, Bosnia ; Herzegovina. Using the KTH method, 1020 gravimetric geoid models were developed, incorporating both constant and variable density values, simple and complete Bouguer anomalies. The study found that the model computed by the UNB Topographical Density Model and complete Bouguer anomalies achieved the highest precision, with an RMSE of 1.33 cm. The final geoid model was adjusted to the old vertical datum (Trieste height), resulting in an RMSE of 3.44 cm when tested with static GNSS points. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating variable density models for improving geoid accuracy and suggest further refinement using local geological data could enhance precision.This research has been supported by the Ministry of Science, Higher Education, and Youth of the Sarajevo Canton, through the project "Development and Determination of Geoid Model for the Sarajevo Canton Area" grant number 27-02-35-37082-60/23. We would like to thank the Federal Administration for Geodetic and Real Property Affairs for providing the data used in this research. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which greatly helped improve the manuscript.Ministry of Science, Higher Education, and Youth of the Sarajevo Canton [27-02-35-37082-60/23]; Ministry of Science, Higher Education, and Youth of the Sarajevo Canton, through the project "Developmen
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Upper Cretaceous-Pliocene Sedimentary Rocks in the Yahşihan Basin, Central Anatolia, Türkiye: Provenance and Tectonic Implications
No full textThe Yah ; scedil;ihan/K ; imath;r ; imath;kkale sedimentary basin, located in Central Anatolia within the ; Idot;zmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone, mostly consists of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Pliocene sediments developed on the Ankara Melange, which is linked to the Northern Neo-Tethys Ocean. Although the stratigraphic, sedimentological, and tectono-stratigraphic characteristics of the basin have been investigated by many researchers, its mineralogical and geochemical characteristics have not been studied extensively. In this study, the provenance, paleoclimatological properties, and tectonic structure of the sedimentary rocks were interpreted using detailed mineralogical and geochemical analysis data. Formations such as the Karada ; gbreve; (Cenomanian-Campanian), ; Ccedil;i ; ccedil;ekda ; gbreve; (Santonian-Campanian), Samanl ; imath;k (Maastrichtian), Dizilita ; scedil;lar (Paleocene-Early Eocene), ; Ccedil;ayraz (Middle Eocene), ; Idot;ncik (Upper Eocene-Lower Miocene), Central Anatolia Group (Middle Miocene-Pliocene), and Quaternary alluvium were deposited in the basin. X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and geochemical analyses were employed to determine the mineralogical and chemical composition of the units. Although highly oxic paleo-environmental conditions predominated in the basin, anoxic and suboxic conditions could also be present in the Dizilita ; scedil;lar and ; Idot;ncik formations. The units are primarily felsic with some mafic contributions, suggesting an oceanic island arc environment with varying paleoenvironmental conditions, reflecting seasonal changes between humid and arid periods.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye [123Y016]This work was partly supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK, Project Grant No. 123Y016)
Pure Dip-Slip Along the Tuz Gölü Fault Zone Accommodates East-West Extension of Central Anatolia
No full textKinematic constraints on faults with slow slip rates often diverge, obscuring their neotectonic significance and seismic hazards. The Tuz G ; ouml;l ; uuml; Fault Zone (TGFZ) is a major slow-moving fault accommodating intraplate deformation within Central Anatolia, for which long-term geological and short-term geodetic deformation rates disagree. Here, the Pleistocene-Recent kinematic evolution of the TGFZ is determined by dating dissected lava flows of the Hasanda ; gbreve; stratocone. Combined zircon U-Th and (U-Th)/He ages indicate emplacement between 151 +/- 6 ka and 38.8 +/- 2.0 ka (2 sigma uncertainties). Restoring flow levees as tie points across fault scarps yields vertical displacement rates of 0.90 +/- 0.06 to 1.23 +/- 0.08 mm/a for the most reliable projections, whereas in contrast to previous notions only negligible dextral strike slip at 0.01 +/- 0.08 to 0.06 +/- 0.08 mm/a is permitted. Predominantly normal faulting without a major strike-slip component for the TGFZ supports ongoing east-west extension without the requirement for shearing due to north-south shortening of Central Anatolia between its bounding megashears as it gradually escapes westward.Technical support at Heidelberg University by Ilona Fin and Oliver Winand (thin section preparation), Katharina Cionoiu (EPMA), and Alexander Varychev (SEM) is acknowledged. We thank Nora Groschopf for assistance with XRF analyses at Mainz University. The authors are grateful to the Republic of Turkiye Ministry of National Defense General Directorate of Mapping for providing DEM data. This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK post-doctoral scholarship 2219) to G.G.K. and the Australian National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS). Satellite imagery is copyrighted by DigitalGlobe, Inc., and provided through the Polar Geospatial Center (University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA). The authors thank Neil Krystopowicz for their valuable contributions.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [2219]; Australian National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS
Characterization of Clay Deposits in the Ceyhan Plain (Eastern Cilicia, Turkey): Integrated Petrographic, Mineralogical, Geochemical, and Geospatial Analysis for Provenance Studies of Ancient Ceramics
No full textThis study presents the results of a comprehensive multi-analytical investigations of clay deposits from the Ceyhan Plain in Eastern Cilicia, Southern Turkey, aimed at establishing a robust framework for provenance studies of ancient ceramics in the region. A total of 52 clay samples were systematically collected and analyzed using optical microscopy for petrography (OM), X-Ray powder diffraction for mineral phase analysis (XRPD), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for geochemical (LA-ICP-MS), and geographic information systems for Geospatial Analysis (GIS) to examine the compositional characteristics and define reference clay groups for archaeometric research. Briquette samples were prepared from the collected clay to facilitate direct geochemical and petrographic comparisons with archaeological ceramics and clay-based artifacts. The results demonstrate that the clay deposits are predominantly calcareous, with contribution from mafic rocks and minor input from ultramafic sources. The compositional diversity is primarily shaped by sedimentation processes associated with the Ceyhan River, while smaller drainage systems influence localized variations. Four distinct clay reference groups were identified: the Ceyhan River Clay Group, Imamoglu-Kozan Clay Group, Kadirli-Savrun Clay group, and Osmaniye-Iliksu Clay Group. These groups serve as reference materials for comparative studies of ancient ceramics enabling deeper insights into local ceramic production strategies and exchange networks within the Eastern Cilicia Plain and its surroundings. They also serve as essential materials for provenance analyses of ceramics and other clay-based artifacts in broader regional contexts, including the Mediterranean, Anatolia, and the Levant. The study further underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and the integration of excavation data with landscape and systematic raw material analysis to achieve a more nuanced understanding of ancient production strategies and resource management.We sincerely thank Mirko Novak (University of Bern, Switzerland) and Deniz Yas , in (University of Bern, Switzerland) , the directors of research at the Sirkeli Ho yuek excavation, for their guidance and collaboration. We are also grateful to Susanne Greiff (University of Tuebingen, Germany) for her constructive feedback on the manuscript, and thank Christopher E. Miller (University of Tuebingen, Germany) . Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for the insightful comments and suggestions that improved the quality of the paper. This research was financially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) , Switzerland, in the framework of the "Sir-keli Project" (Grant ID: 100011_179034) . It was conducted as part of a doctoral research project at Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Germany.Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) , Switzerland [100011_179034]; Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Germany; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [100011_179034] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF