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Eartquarke Performance Evaluation of an Existing Railway Bridge by Nonlinear Metods
No full textThe Turkish Bridge Earthquake Code (TKDY) was published in the Official Gazette on October 6, 2020, and came into force on October 6, 2021. This regulation has been implemented for the first time as a standalone code in Turkey and mandates performance-based design for bridges. Prior to this date, bridges were designed and constructed in accordance with the recommendations of either the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the International Union of Railways (UIC). The devastating earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye on February 6, 2023, attracted attention with their destructive impact and have been reported in many studies as being of a rarely observed magnitude globally. These earthquakes revealed the critical importance of rapid emergency response across a large region inhabited by approximately 14 million people. The necessity for aid teams to reach the disaster area swiftly was clearly demonstrated. In this context, ensuring that transportation structures serving the public can either continue to function without damage or be repaired quickly with minimal intervention is of great significance. Within the scope of this thesis, the relevant sections of the 2020 TKDY code have been examined in detail. The study evaluates the seismic performance of a railway bridge located between Banaz and Eşme on the Ankara-İzmir High-Speed Train (HST) line using time-history analysis, which is required as the second-stage method for bridges classified as Importance Class 1 and Seismic Design Class 1 according to the code. The bridge consists of 10 spans and 9 piers. The study includes the selection of earthquake records from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Ground Motion Database. These records were selected considering factors such as earthquake magnitude consistent with the design-level ground motion, fault distances, source mechanisms, and local site conditions. As the viaduct analysis requires three-dimensional modeling, seven earthquake records were selected as per the code. These records were applied to the model in a cross-combination manner using the SAP2000 software, resulting in a total of 14 analyses. Consequently, the seismic performance level of the viaduct was evaluated under various earthquake scenarios.Türkiye Köprü Deprem Yönetmeliği (TKDY), 6 Ekim 2020 tarihinde Resmî Gazete 'de yayımlanmış ve 6 Ekim 2021 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiştir. Bu yönetmelik, Türkiye'de ilk kez müstakil olarak kullanılmaya başlanmış olup, köprülerin performansa dayalı tasarımını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu tarihten önce yapılan köprüler, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (AASHTO) veya Uluslararası Demiryolu Birliği (UIC) tavsiye kararları doğrultusunda projelendirilmiş ve inşa edilmiştir. 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde ülkemizde meydana gelen depremler, yıkıcı sonuçlarıyla dikkat çekmiş ve birçok raporda dünyada ender görülen bir büyüklükte olduğu belirtilmiştir. Bu depremler, 14 milyon insanın yaşadığı geniş bir bölgede hızlı müdahalenin ne kadar kritik olduğunu gözler önüne sermiştir. Yardım ekiplerinin hızla olay yerine ulaşması gerekliliği açıkça ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda, toplumsal olarak kullanılan ulaştırma yapılarında deprem sonrasında basit onarımlarla hasarın giderilmesi veya hiç hasar almadan hizmete devam edebilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu tez kapsamında 2020 TKDY şartnamesinin ilgili bölümleri detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Ankara-İzmir Yüksek Hızlı Tren (YHT) hattı üzerindeki Banaz-Eşme arasında yer alan bir demiryolu köprüsünün, yönetmelikte köprü önem sınıfı ve deprem tasarım sınıfı 1 olan köprüler için ikinci aşama olarak yapılması istenilen, zaman tanım alanında hesap yöntemiyle farklı depremler altındaki performansı incelenmiştir. Köprü 10 açıklıklı olup 9 kolona sahiptir. Çalışma Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center PEER Ground Motion Database sitesinden deprem kayıtlarının seçimini de içermektedir. Deprem kayıtları, tasarıma esas deprem yer hareketi düzeyi ile uyumlu deprem büyüklükleri, fay uzaklıkları, kaynak mekanizmaları ve yerel zemin koşulları dikkate alınarak seçilmiştir. Viyadük hesaplamaları üç boyutlu hesaplar gerektirdiğinden yönetmelik gereği 7 adet deprem kaydı seçilmiş, seçilen kayıtlar çapraz şekilde SAP2000 programı yardımı ile model üzerinde tanımlanmıştır. Dolayısı ile 14 adet deprem kaydı altında çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak deprem senaryoları altında viyadük performans durumu değerlendirilmiştir
Search for Rare Decays of the Z and Higgs Bosons To a J/Ψ or Ψ(2s) Meson and a Photon in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13 TeV
No full textA search is presented for rare decays of the Z and Higgs bosons to a photon and a J/psi or a psi(2S) meson, with the charmonium state subsequentially decaying to a pair of muons. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 123 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. No evidence for branching fractions of these rare decay channels larger than predicted in the standard model is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set: B(H -> J/psi gamma) 2.6 x 10(-4), B(H -> psi(2S)gamma) 9.9 x 10(-4), B(Z -> J/psi gamma) 0.6 x 10(-6), and B(Z -> psi(2S)gamma) 1.3 x 10(-6). The ratio of the Higgs boson coupling modifiers kappa(c)/kappa(gamma) is constrained to be in the interval (-157, +199) at 95% confidence level. Assuming kappa(gamma) = 1, this interval becomes (-166, +208).We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); Minciencias (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MoSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and The European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS'' - be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany's Excellence Strategy -EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe'' -390833306, and under project number 400140256 -GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program - UNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC -National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR -Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF "a way of making Europe'', and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).FWF; FNRS; FWO (Belgium); CNPq; CAPES; FAPERJ; FAPERGS; FAPESP (Brazil); BNSF (Bulgaria); MOST; NSFC (China); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG [MoER TK202]; Academy of Finland; MEC; CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF; BMBF; DFG; HGF (Germany); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE; DST; IPM; SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE; UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYT; UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); PCTI (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAK; DOE; NSF (USA); Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207]; COST Action [CA16108]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science ; Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EXC 2121, 400140256 -GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA64]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC -National Research Center for High Performance Computing - NextGenerationEU program (Italy); Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; ERDF "a way of making Europe [MDM-2017-0765]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources ; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670016]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA
Ultrasonic-Assisted Oil Agglomeration of Calcite: Evaluation of Key Parameters
No full textThe impact of ultrasound processing on the oil agglomeration behavior of calcite ore was explored in this study. It was indicated that the application of ultrasound as a preliminary treatment substantially improved the efficiency of agglomerate formation within the calcite suspension. Conversely, applying ultrasonic treatment throughout the entire process, in other words, its application at the agglomeration stage, had an adverse effect on agglomeration recovery. The application power value and time of the ultrasonic process have been found to be important parameters. The most effective recovery was achieved under a low-intensity ultrasonic pretreatment, specifically at 60 W for 180 s. Additionally, ultrasonic pretreatment led to an increase in the negative zeta potential of calcite particles according to pH changes in the presence of the collector. This observation showed that ultrasonic treatment promoted the adsorption of sodium oleate molecules onto the calcite surface. Furthermore, samples subjected to ultrasound pretreatment exhibited greater contact angle values compared to untreated samples, indicating enhanced hydrophobicity of calcite surfaces. Under identical experimental conditions, the recovery percentage of agglomerates increased from 90.22% without ultrasonic treatment to 96.45% with ultrasonic pretreatment. Consequently, ultrasonic pretreatment was found to have a beneficial influence on agglomeration recovery
A Chemometric Perspective on Revealing Phytochemical Compounds Associated With Antioxidant and Anti-Cancer Activities of Plants in Türkiye
No full textMedicinal plants serve as raw materials for phytochemicals that constitute the basis of many pharmaceutical drugs. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate phytochemical compounds, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities of five plants (oat (Avena sativa L.), club moss (Lycopodium clavatum L.), basil (Ocimum basilicium L.), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.), and valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.)) from T ; uuml;rkiye local plant markets. The phytochemical compounds were identified by HPLC and gallic acid (0.43-2.29 mg/g) was present in all plants. Total phenolic contents (TPC) ranged from 27.53 to 132.89 mu g GAEs/mg extract and total flavonoid contents (TFC) ranged from 14.80 to 42.07 mu g QEs/mg extract. When oat indicated the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH center dot scavenging (IC50: 134.20 mu g/mL), ABTS center dot+ scavenging (IC50: 56.07 mu g/mL) and metal chelating (IC50: 348.04 mu g/mL) assays, basil possessed the highest antioxidant activity in CUPRAC (A0.50: 51.36 mu g/mL) and phosphomolybdenum (A0.50: 45.18 mu g/mL) assays. Also, anti-cancer activity was assessed using the Alamar Blue assay, and oat was recorded as the best anti-cancer active extract on HT-29 (IC50: 53.03 mu g/mL) and HeLa (IC50: 29.17 mu g/mL) cell lines with higher activity than cisplatin (IC50: 31.02 mu g/mL for HeLa). Chemometric analysis was applied for clustering by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) which revealed that club moss was distinguished from the other plants club moss was distinguished from other plants. These results propose that the plants studied can be important sources of promising phytochemicals as a starting point for further analysis
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Oversampling Techniques for Enhancing Text Classification Performance
No full textAsuroglu, Tunc/0000-0003-4153-0764Class imbalance is a common and critical challenge in text classification tasks, where the underrepresentation of certain classes often impairs the ability of classifiers to learn minority class patterns effectively. According to the "garbage in, garbage out" principle, even high-performing models may fail when trained on skewed distributions. To address this issue, this study investigates the impact of oversampling techniques, specifically the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and thirty of its variants, on two benchmark text classification datasets: TREC and Emotions. Each dataset was vectorized using the MiniLMv2 transformer model to obtain semantically rich representations, and classification was performed using six machine learning algorithms. The balanced and imbalanced scenarios were compared in terms of F1-Score and Balanced Accuracy. This work constitutes, to the best of our knowledge, the first large-scale, systematic benchmarking of SMOTE-based oversampling methods in the context of transformer-embedded text classification. Furthermore, statistical significance of the observed performance differences was validated using the Friedman test. The results provide practical insights into the selection of oversampling techniques tailored to dataset characteristics and classifier sensitivity, supporting more robust and fair learning in imbalanced natural language processing tasks
Effect of Single and Hybrid Incorporation of Steel, Polypropylene, and Pet Fibers on the Properties of Concrete Under Static and Impact Loading
No full textIn this paper, the effect of single and hybrid use of steel fibers (STF), polypropylene fibers (PPF), and PET fibers (PETF) on the static and impact properties of concrete was comprehensively evaluated. Concretes were evaluated and compared according to different properties, including static properties (unit weight, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, fracture energy, and flexural toughness), microstructural properties, impact performance, and cost. In addition, the overall performances of the tested mixtures were comparatively assessed using the desirability function (DF) analysis. The performed tests and analyses showed that while STF had a positive effect on the compressive strength of concrete, PPF and PETF had a negative effect. On the other hand, fibers, especially STF, remarkably increased the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural toughness, fracture energy, and impact performance of concrete. It was found that under static and impact loads, fibers were successful at shifting the brittle behavior of concrete into a more ductile one. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that STF had a better adherence with the surrounding cement paste than PPF and PETF. It was concluded from the DF analysis that concrete containing %1 STF showed the best overall performance among all the tested concrete mixtures. © 2025 ICE Publishing. All rights reserved
Bitkisel ve Madensel Yağlayıcılar Etkisinde Hidrodinamik Kaymalı Yatak Uygulamalarında Stribeck Eğrisinin Oluşumu
No full textThis study aims to experimentally examine the Stribeck Curve, which is critically important in the design of journal bearings, by analyzing in detail the relationships between the coefficient of friction, speed, and load using different lubricants and materials. The lubricants used in the study include conventional mineral oils (5W-30 and 15W-40) as well as vegetable oils (soybean, safflower, sunflower, olive, and corn oils), which were tested in blended forms to evaluate their performance. The experiments were conducted using the PA Hilton Journal Friction Apparatus HFN 5 available at Konya Technical University. The relationships between the coefficient of friction and speed-load variables were analyzed on RG-5 and CuSn12 bronze bearing materials in accordance with the Stribeck Curve. Friction coefficients were measured at various speeds (90, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900, 1020, 1200, 1350, and 1500 rpm) and loads (0, 20, 40, and 60 N). The lubrication conditions were thoroughly evaluated, and the effects of lubrication types on energy efficiency were investigated. The findings showed that vegetable oils could be used as alternative lubricants in industrial applications, and the effects of blends on the coefficient of friction provided certain advantages when compared to mineral oils. Consequently, this study makes a significant contribution to the design of journal bearings in terms of energy efficiency and performance optimization.Bu çalışma, kaymalı yatakların tasarımında kritik öneme sahip olan Stribeck Eğrisini deneysel olarak inceleyerek, farklı yağlayıcılar ve malzemelerle sürtünme katsayısı, hız ve yük ilişkilerini detaylı bir şekilde analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında kullanılan yağlayıcılar, geleneksel madensel yağların (5W30 ve 15 w 40) yanı sıra, bitkisel yağların (soya, aspir, ay çekirdeği, zeytin ve mısır yağı) performansını değerlendirmek amacıyla karışımlar halinde test edilmiştir. Deneyler, Konya Teknik Üniversitesi bünyesinde bulunan PA Hilton Journal Friction Apparatus HFN 5 cihazı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve RG-5 ile CuSn12 bronz yatak malzemeleri üzerinde sürtünme katsayısı ile hız-yük değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiler Stribeck Eğrisi doğrultusunda analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, farklı hız (90, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900, 1020, 1200, 1350 ve1500 dev/dk) ve yük (0, 20, 40 ve 60 N) aralıklarında sürtünme katsayıları ölçülmüş, yağlama koşulları detaylı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiş ve yağlama türlerinin enerji verimliliğine olan etkileri sorgulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, bitkisel yağların endüstriyel uygulamalarda alternatif bir yağlayıcı olarak kullanılabileceğini ve karışımların sürtünme katsayısı üzerindeki etkilerinin madensel yağlarla kıyaslandığında belirli avantajlar sağladığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, enerji verimliliği ve performans optimizasyonu açısından kaymalı yatak tasarımlarına önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır
The Superiority of Using the ESR Dating Method in Mollusc Shells Compared to 14C and 230Th/234U: A Case Study at the Eastern Part of Konya Closed Basin, Central Turkiye
No full textThe Konya Closed Basin in central Anatolia preserves Quaternary lacustrine sediments, providing critical evidence for regional paleoclimatic reconstructions. Accurate dating of these is essential for understanding Quaternary climate evolution in the area. In this study, fossil mollusc shells systematically collected from the eastern part of the basin were dated for the first time using ESR spectroscopy. Prior to dating analyses, comprehensive geological investigations and paleontological classifications were conducted. ESR spectra recorded at room temperature on both natural and gamma-irradiated samples revealed freely rotated CO2- radical signals at g = 2.0007. Kinetic studies confirmed the long-term stability of the CO2- radical, with high activation energies (similar to 1.3 eV) and thermal lifetimes exceeding similar to 10(6) years, reconfirming its reliability as a dating signal throughout the Quaternary period. Most ESR ages were derived from the 2.0007 signal, while the signal of the orthorhombic CO2- radical at g = 1.9973 was utilized for a few samples. Dose-response curves were best fitted to a single exponential saturation function and equivalent doses were calculated accordingly. ESR ages ranged from 138 to 6 ka, showing stratigraphic consistency with the sedimentary record. Comparative dating using C-14 AMS and Th-230/U-234 techniques demonstrated general agreement with ESR ages, although minor discrepancies were observed due to the open-system behavior of mollusc shells. Overall, the results support the chronological reconstruction of Holocene to Middle Pleistocene paleoenvironmental events in the Konya Closed Basin.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [114Y237]; Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (SU BAP) [16401146]This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK, Project No. 114Y237) and by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (SU BAP, Project No. 16401146). We sincerely thank B.J. Brennan and W.J. Rink for granting permission to use the ROSY program for the calculation of ESR ages based on Uranium Uptake Models
Predicting the Relationship Between Consumer Buying Behavior (CBB) and Consumption Metaphor (CM) Through Machine Learning (ML)
No full textThe use of machine learning (ML) in the field of marketing has recently gained momentum in parallel with the development of technology. ML not only enables customers to predict their digital actions but also supports targeting the right customers with the best content at the right time. The study aims to predict the relationship between consumer buying behavior (CBB) and consumption metaphor (CM) through ML. In this context, the application of the study was built on two scenarios. In the first scenario, CBB is associated with the CM to confirm the ML estimation. In the second scenario, it is aimed that ML both predicts CBB and estimates and confirms the effect of CM on CBB. As a result, the k-nearest neighbors algorithm was able to predict consumers at the rate of 91.02% accuracy and predict consumers who do not intend to have tattoos at the rate of 90.98%. When the CM is considered, ML predicted consumers at the rate of 78.33% accuracy, and predicted consumers who do not tend to buy at the rate of 79%.This study was supported by the Artificial Intelligence Application and Research Centre of Konya Technical University.Artificial Intelligence Application and Research Centre of Konya Technical Universit
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Infill Walls on Dynamic Behavior in Rc Structures: Shake Table Tests
No full textInfill walls have many positive and negative effects on reinforced concrete (RC) buildings under the effect of earthquakes, but these are often not taken into consideration sufficiently. The contribution of walls to stability and stiffness in particular is considerable. In the negative sense, due to various reasons, incorrect/incomplete use of infill walls can cause extremely fatal irregularities such as short columns and soft stories. In this study, the effect of infill walls on the dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings was examined. The study was conducted on a dynamic basis in order to approach the behavior under the effect of earthquakes in a more realistic way. For this purpose, a 1/3 scale 2-storey single-span reinforced concrete frame was produced for the experiments. Forced vibration tests were carried out on the shake table in the reference state (bare frame) and in the infill-walled state. The sample was subjected to an artificial ground motion with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) value of 0.54 g in both states. Experimental modal analysis, load-displacement analysis, and numerical analysis on ETABS structural analysis software were done. As a result, it was observed that the infill walls significantly enhanced the stiffness, leading to a considerable reduction in displacement values. Calculations showed that the natural frequencies increased by approximately 5-10%, while the global damping ratio decreased by about 20%