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A Study on Gender Detection Using Multiple Classifiers on Voice Data
No full textResearchers have frequently used metaheuristic algorithms for various problems due to their success. In data mining studies, feature selection (FS) is an essential preprocessing step for large-scale problems. Researchers have recently implemented FS using metaheuristic algorithms. In this study, the FS problem was solved using five different continuous metaheuristic algorithms (Osprey Optimization Algorithm, Spider Wasps Optimizer, Walrus Optimizer, Kepler Optimization Algorithm, and Crested Porcupine Optimizer) proposed in recent years. For the FS problem, the search spaces of continuous metaheuristic algorithms need to be converted to binary values. For this process, sixteen different types of transfer functions (S-shaped, V-shaped, Taper-shaped, and U-shaped) were analyzed. Comparison metrics such as fitness, accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, number of selected features, and running time were used. The classification process was performed on the voice dataset consisting of 3168 samples and 22 features of male and female voices. K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Multi-Layer Perceptron were selected as classifiers. According to the mean fitness and accuracy results, the most successful classifier was determined to be K-Nearest Neighbor, and the most successful metaheuristic algorithm was determined to be the Kepler Optimization Algorithm.This study was supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination with project number 25601038. We thank the coordination office for their support.Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination [25601038
Roll-to Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition of Highly Conductive and Uniform Thin Films on Large-Scale Textile Substrates
No full textA continuous vapor deposition process is demonstrated for organic conductive surface modification of large-area textile substrates. Transparent and conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films were deposited by oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) technique on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics in a roll-to-roll fashion, in which as-deposited PEDOT films had excellent thickness and structural uniformity across very large areas (2 x 250 cm). We designed a continuous vacuum deposition system, in which the feeding and wrapping units of the system were in the open air, thanks to the specially designed fabric feedthroughs in and out of the vacuum system. The pristine fabric was fed into the oCVD vacuum reactor by unreeling from the outside atmosphere, where it was pretreated with oxidant iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) solution. The effect of rolling speed of the fabric on the structure, morphology, uniformity, and electrical conductivities of the as-deposited PEDOT films were studied. FTIR and SEM analyses were carried out to verify the structure and morphology of as-deposited PEDOT films. Uniform and conformal PEDOT films with measurable conductivity were observed independent of the rolling speed. The highest conductivity value of 803.5 S/cm was observed for the films deposited at a rolling speed of 8 cm/min and doped with Cl- ions from a 3.5 wt.% HCI solution.Konya Teknik Universitesi [241116012]; Scientific Research Projects Council of Konya Technical UniversityThis study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Council of Konya Technical University with grant number 241116012
Arazi Bankacılığında Toplulaştırmanın Önemi
No full textDespite its vast agricultural potential and large land holdings, Turkiye faces significant structural risks in terms of both productivity and rural development due to the shrinking and fragmentation of agricultural land. This situation necessitates a reassessment of current land management policies. Land consolidation is a critical mechanism that enables the merger of small and scattered plots of land into more efficient agricultural enterprises. It stands out for its multifaceted benefits, including increased agricultural productivity, expanded mechanization opportunities, reduced production costs, and strengthened rural infrastructure. Land banking, on the other hand, offers a complementary solution for reintegrating unused or low-yield agricultural lands into production, regulating the land market, and supporting public investments. It is of great importance, especially in terms of facilitating access to land for young farmers and ensuring strategic land management. In this study, the current practices of land banking and land consolidation in Turkiye were analyzed, the relevant legal and institutional framework was examined, and a comparative evaluation was made with models successfully implemented in Europe. The research, conducted using methods such as literature review, secondary data analysis, and document review, comprehensively describes the current state of Turkiye's land management policies and areas open to development. The findings from the research reveal that land consolidation is a critical tool for rural development, agricultural productivity, and the planned implementation of public investments. On the other hand, although the land banking system in Turkiye has not yet been fully institutionalized, it is anticipated that successful examples from Western Europe may be adaptable to Turkiye. The integrated application of land banking and consolidation not only increases agricultural production capacity but also offers significant advantages in terms of environmental sustainability, cost efficiency of public services, and social balance. In conclusion, in order to increase the effectiveness of Turkiye's land management policies, land consolidation and land banking processes must be addressed with a holistic, institutional, and participatory approach. In this context, comprehensive policy recommendations have been developed to strengthen legal regulations, ensure the digital transformation of land information systems, expand training programs for farmers, and increase public-private sector cooperation.Türkiye, sahip olduğu geniş tarımsal potansiyele ve büyük arazi varlığına rağmen, tarım arazilerinin daralması ve parçalanması nedeniyle hem üretkenlik hem de kırsal kalkınma açısından önemli yapısal risklerle karşı karşıyadır. Bu durum, mevcut arazi yönetimi politikalarının yeniden değerlendirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Arazi toplulaştırması, küçük ve dağınık arazilerin birleştirilerek daha verimli tarım işletmelerine dönüştürülmesini sağlayan kritik bir mekanizmadır. Tarımsal üretkenliğin artırılması, mekanizasyon olanaklarının genişletilmesi, üretim maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi ve kırsal altyapının güçlendirilmesi gibi çok yönlü faydaları ile öne çıkmaktadır. Arazi bankacılığı ise, kullanılmayan veya düşük verimle işletilen tarım arazilerinin yeniden üretime kazandırılması, arazi piyasasının düzenlenmesi ve kamu yatırımlarının desteklenmesi açısından tamamlayıcı bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Özellikle genç çiftçilerin araziye erişimini kolaylaştırması ve stratejik arazi yönetimi sağlaması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de arazi bankacılığı ve arazi toplulaştırmasının mevcut uygulamaları analiz edilmiş, ilgili yasal ve kurumsal çerçeve incelenmiş ve Avrupa'da başarıyla uygulanan modellerle karşılaştırmalı değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Literatür taraması, ikincil veri analizi ve doküman incelemesi gibi yöntemler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, Türkiye'nin arazi yönetimi politikalarının mevcut durumu ve gelişime açık yönleri kapsamlı bir şekilde anlatılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, arazi toplulaştırmasının kırsal kalkınma, tarımsal verimlilik ve kamu yatırımlarının planlı bir şekilde uygulanabilmesi açısından kritik bir araç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer yandan, Türkiye'de arazi bankacılığı sisteminin henüz tam anlamıyla kurumsallaşmamış olmasına karşın, Batı Avrupa'daki başarılı örneklerin Türkiye için uyarlanabilir özellikler taşıdığı öngörülmektedir. Arazi bankacılığı ve toplulaştırmanın entegre şekilde uygulanması, yalnızca tarımsal üretim kapasitesini artırmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, kamu hizmetlerinin maliyet verimliliği ve sosyal denge açısından da önemli avantajlar sunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye'nin arazi yönetimi politikalarının etkinliğini artırabilmek için arazi toplulaştırması ve arazi bankacılığı süreçlerinin bütüncül, kurumsal ve katılımcı bir yaklaşımla ele alınması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, yasal düzenlemelerin güçlendirilmesi, arazi bilgi sistemlerinin dijital dönüşümünün sağlanması, çiftçilere yönelik eğitim programlarının yaygınlaştırılması ve kamu-özel sektör iş birliğinin artırılması yönünde kapsamlı politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir
Real-Time Safety Helmets and Vests Detection in Industrial Environments Using YOLO
No full textWorker safety is a critical concern in industrial and construction environments, where hazardous conditions can pose significant risks to employees. Ensuring that workers wear appropriate safety equipment, such as safety helmets and vests, is essential in preventing serious workplace injuries and illnesses. However, traditional monitoring methods may be insufficient for effectively detecting whether workers are adhering to safety regulations. Manual inspections, while common, can be time-consuming, and difficult to implement consistently across large worksites. This paper explores the application of the You Only Look Once object detection algorithm to automatically detect safety helmets and vests in real-time. By combining deep learning and computer vision methods, the implemented solution aims to enhance workplace safety compliance by providing an efficient, scalable, and accurate method for monitoring workers. The real-time nature of YOLO enables swift identification of safety violations, allowing for prompt corrective actions. This approach has the potential to significantly improve worker protection while reducing the reliance on manual inspection processes, ultimately contributing to a safer and more efficient working environment. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
A Cutting-Edge Approach to Multi-UAV Mission Planning Using Enhanced Constraint Satisfaction
No full textAyvaz, Emre/0009-0003-7876-609XMulti-task planning for diverse UAVs and missions can be approached as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) where the Temporal CSP (TCSP) method adds time-based sequential task modeling. The Enhanced Temporal Constraint Satisfaction Problem (ETCSP) method innovatively merges dynamic domain features with a MIQP (Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming) based scoring system to optimally assign UAVs to tasks, moving beyond traditional greedy algorithms. This approach includes an enhanced forward checking method that evaluates task suitability and UAV compatibility in real-time using dynamic programming, thus refining search precision. The ETCSP model was tested in two phases, initially assigning various tasks and then employing CSP methods to monitor task changes over time. Results show that the generic TCSP method requires 61 UAVs to complete 70 tasks, while the Enhanced TCSP achieves the same with only 48 UAVs-which is roughly a 21% reduction in UAV usage. Similarly, the Enhanced method completes the task package in about 3800 min and with 1142 L of fuel, compared to 4855 min and 1615 L for the TCSP method, translating to approximately a 22% reduction in time and a 29% reduction in fuel consumption.This research was conducted solely by the authors and did not require any additional external support beyond the resources provided by Konya Technical University. We acknowledge the independent efforts of all authors in completing this research.Konya Technical Universit
From Waste to Performance: The Role of Industrial By-Products and 2D Nanofillers in Reinforcing Sustainable Polymer Composites
No full textIn this study, the effects of micro- and nanoscale hybrid reinforcements in composite materials were investigated by mechanical, thermal, and tribological tests. In this direction, granulated blast furnace slag, an industrial byproduct, was prepared in microparticle form, and MXene nanoparticles with 2-dimensional and layered structures were synthesized. Characterization processes of both particles were carried out by morphological and chemical analyses. As a result of mechanical characterization, the highest values in hardness and tensile tests were reached with the granulated blast furnace slag/MXene hybrid composite. But tensile strength and elongation decreased due to hybrid reinforcement. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the glass transition temperature decreased with granulated blast furnace slag and increased again with MXene. According to thermogravimetric analysis data, hybrid reinforcement increased thermal stability and reduced mass loss. As a result of tribological experiments, the lowest friction coefficient, volume loss, and surface roughness values were reached with the granulated blast furnace slag/MXene hybrid composite. 2-dimensional profilometer, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis supported these results. The significance of the wear results was statistically verified by an ANOVA test. Finally, the materials were evaluated with a holistic approach in terms of cost, industrial applicability, and sustainability criteria. Some recommendations for future studies were presented
Adaören - Boyalıca (Dursunbey-Balıkesir) Yöresi Kromit Cevherleşmesinin Jeolojik ve Metalojenik İncelenmesi
No full textThis study covers an area of approximately 74 km2 in the vicinity of Adaören Neighborhood and Boyalıca Neighborhood of Dursunbey district of Balıkesir province. The aim of this study is to investigate the geological, mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical characteristics of chromite mineralizations observed in ophiolites in the Western Anatolia region and to investigate the formation environments and economic dimensions of the mineralization. A total of 37 ore and wall rock samples were taken from the study areas, 27 of these samples were crushed and ground to 0.90 microns and below in the chrome laboratory in the study area and turned into powder for analysis. Whole rock major oxide and trace element analyses were performed on 7 chromite and wall rock samples taken from the study area around Boyalıca Neighborhood and 20 chromite and wall rock samples taken from the study area around Adaören Neighborhood, and geochemical and geostatistical evaluations were made. In addition, petrographic thin sections were made from wall rocks and bright/polishing sections were made from chromite ore samples, and microscopic examinations were examined in detail and SEM analysis was performed to obtain detailed data. According to chemical analysis of chromite samples, chromites contain 9.43-50.4 % Cr2O3. According to analysis results of samples belonging to chromite mineralization, ratio (Cr/Fe ratio) value is between 1.17 and 3.11 and its average is 2.09. Average Cr2O3 content of chromite samples is 25.80 %, average Al2O3 content is 2.59 %, average MgO content is 28.25 % and average TiO2 content is around 0.083 %. Evaluation was made on comparative diagrams of % Cr2O3 and main oxide % MgO, % Fe2O3 and % Al2O3 ratios in chromite samples. Accordingly, as Al2O3 and Fe2O3 ratios contained in chromite ore increase, Cr2O3 ratio also increases and as MgO ratio decreases, Cr2O3 ratio increases. Among the main oxide values in chromite samples, Cr2O3 shows positive correlation with Al2O3 and Fe2O3, while it shows negative correlation with MgO. According to the cluster analysis results created based on the correlation coefficients made in accordance with the chemical analysis data of the samples, 5 main groups were determined in chromite ore samples and 6 main groups were determined in wall rock samples. According to the analysis values of chromite ore samples, it was determined that Cr2O3 had a very strong positive correlation with V, a strong positive correlation with Fe2O3 and Zr, and a strong negative correlation with Ni. According to the analysis results of chromite ore samples, it was determined that there were samples with EF > 25 values in terms of MgO, SiO2 and Cr2O3, indicating high enrichment. In the principal component analysis (PCA) evaluation, it was determined that the main oxide and trace elements, namely Cr2O3, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and V, moved together, the main oxide and trace elements, namely TiO2, MnO, Gd and Zn, showed a positive correlation, and the main oxide and trace elements, namely Sr, Sn, Re, Dy, Tb, Eu, Hf, W, Zr, Cl, S, Co, Ga, Ni, CaO, SiO2 and MgO, came into the environment later. According to the SEM analysis, it was determined that the S content of the mineral observed in the polishing sample varied between 36.80-40.71 % and the Ni content varied between 44.97-61.95 %, and according to the results of the SEM analysis, it was concluded that the mineral found in the 2 chromite samples was millerite. According to the chemical analysis results of chromite samples, ophiolitic chromite and stratiform chromite boundary distinction was made in TiO2-Cr2O3 diagram and it was determined that all chromite minerals remained within the ophiolitic chromite boundaries. In the triangle diagram prepared according to Cr2O3, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 contents, it is seen that the analysis results are located in the ferrichrome boundary region. It was determined that chromite mineralizations in the study areas were formed in boninitic magma and behind the arc. According to the chemical analysis results of chromite samples, it was determined that 2 samples in the TiO2-Al2O3 diagram fell on the common part of the island arc and subduction zone peridotite boundaries and 8 samples fell on the island arc boundaries. According to the analysis results of the chromite mineralization samples taken from the study areas, it is shown that the region is a Podiform (Alpine) type chromite deposit. In the light of these data, it was concluded that the chromite mineralizations in the study areas were formed in boninitic magma and behind the arc, showed podiform type chrome deposit feature, were located in the ferrichrome border region according to the analysis results, and had a high ratio value, thus they could be used in the production of ferrochrome used in stainless steel, metal and weapon production in the metallurgical industry.Bu çalışma, Balıkesir ili, Dursunbey ilçesi, Adaören Mahallesi ve Boyalıca Mahallesi civarındaki yaklaşık 74 km2'lik bir alanı kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Batı Anadolu bölgesinde ofiyolitler içerisinde gözlemlenen kromit cevherleşmelerinin jeolojik, mineralojik, petrografik ve jeokimyasal incelenmesi ve cevherleşmenin oluşum ortamları ile ekonomik boyutlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. İnceleme alanlarından toplam 37 adet cevher ve yankayaç numunesi alınmış, bu numunelerden seçilen 27 adet numune inceleme alanında bulunan krom laboratuarında 0.90 mikron ve altına inecek şekilde kırılıp öğütülerek analiz için pudra haline getirilmiştir. Boyalıca Mahallesi civarındaki inceleme alanından alınan 7 adet ve Adaören Mahallesi civarındaki inceleme alanından alınan 20 adet kromit ve yan kayaç numunelerin tüm kayaç ana oksit ve iz element analizleri yaptırılarak jeokimyasal ve jeoistatiksel değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca yan kayaçlardan petrografik ince kesitler ve kromit cevher numunelerinden parlak/parlatma kesitleri yapılarak mikroskobik incelemeleri ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiş ve detay veriler elde etmek için SEM analizi yapılmıştır. Kromit numunelerinden yapılan kimyasal analizlere göre kromitler % 9.43-50.4 arasında Cr2O3 içermektedir. Kromit cevherleşmesine ait numunelerin analiz sonuçlarına göre rasyo (Cr/Fe oranı) değerinin 1.17 ile 3.11 aralığında olduğu ve ortalamasının 2.09 olduğunu göstermektedir. Kromit numunelerinin ortalama Cr2O3 içeriği % 25.80, ortalama Al2O3 içeriği % 2.59, ortalama MgO içeriği % 28.25 ve ortalama TiO2 içeriği ise % 0.083 civarındadır. Kromit numuneleri içerisindeki % Cr2O3 ile ana oksit % MgO, % Fe2O3 ve % Al2O3 oranlarının karşılaştırmalı diyagramları üzerinde değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Buna göre, kromit cevherinin içerdiği Al2O3 ve Fe2O3 oranları arttıkça Cr2O3 oranı da artmakta ve MgO oranı azaldıkça Cr2O3 oranı artmaktadır. Kromit numuneleri içerisindeki ana oksit değerlerinden Cr2O3, Al2O3 ve Fe2O3 ile pozitif korelasyon gösterirken MgO ile negatif korelasyon göstermektedir. Numunelerin kimyasal analiz verileri doğrultusunda yapılan korelasyon katsayıları baz alınarak oluşturulan cluster (küme) analiz sonucuna göre kromit cevher numunelerinde 5, yan kayaç numunelerinde ise 6 ana grup belirlenmiştir. Kromit cevher numunelerinin analiz değerlerine göre Cr2O3; V ile çok kuvvetli pozitif korelasyona, Fe2O3 ve Zr ile kuvvetli pozitif korelasyona, Ni ile kuvvetli negatif korelasyona sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kromit cevher numunelerinin analiz sonuçlarına göre MgO, SiO2 ve Cr2O3 açısından EF > 25 değerlerinin olduğu numunelerin mevcut olduğu, bu da yüksek zenginleşmeye işaret ettiği belirlenmiştir. Temel bileşen analizi (PCA) değerlendirmesinde ise Cr2O3, Fe2O3, Al2O3 ve V olmak üzere ana oksit ve iz elementinin birlikte hareket ettiği, TiO2, MnO, Gd ve Zn olmak üzere ana oksit ve iz elementinin birlikte pozitif korelasyon gösterdiği, Sr, Sn, Re, Dy, Tb, Eu, Hf, W, Zr, Cl, S, Co, Ga, Ni, CaO, SiO2 ve MgO ana oksit ve iz elementlerinin ortama sonradan geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan SEM analizlerine göre parlatma örneğinde gözlenen mineralin S içeriği % 36.80-40.71 aralığında ve Ni içeriği % 44.97-61.95 aralığında değişim gösterdiği tespit edilmiş olup SEM analizleri sonuçlarına göre 2 adet kromit numunesi içerisinde bulunan mineralin millerit olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır. Kromit numunelerine ait kimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre TiO2-Cr2O3 diyagramında ofiyolitik kromit ve stratiform kromit sınır ayrımı yapılmış olup kromit minerallerinin hepsi ofiyolitik kromit sınırları içerisinde kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Cr2O3, Al2O3 ve Fe2O3 içeriklerine göre hazırlanan üçgen diyagramında analiz sonuçlarının ferrikrom sınır bölgesinde yer aldığı görülmektedir. İnceleme alanlarındaki kromit cevherleşmelerinin boninitik magmada ve yay gerisinde oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Kromit numunelerine ait kimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre TiO2-Al2O3 diyagramında 2 adet numunenin ada yayı ve dalma batma zonu peridotitleri sınırlarının ortak kısmına ve 8 adet numunenin ada yayı sınırlarına düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. İnceleme alanlarından alınan kromit cevherleşmesine ait numunelerde yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre bölgenin Podiform (Alpin) tipi krom yataklanması olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu veriler ışığında inceleme alanlarındaki kromit cevherleşmelerinin boninitik magmada ve yay gerisinde oluştuğu, Podiform tip krom yataklanma özelliği gösterdiği, analiz sonuçlarına göre ferrikrom sınır bölgesinde yer aldığı, rasyo değerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edildiğinden metalürji sanayisinde paslanmaz çelik, metal ve silah yapımında kullanılan ferrokrom üretiminde kullanılabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır
Inorganic CNTS as a Potential Hole-Transport Material for Extremely Stable and Effective Perovskite Solar Cells
No full textOzel, Sultan Suleyman/0000-0002-3935-9649In view of these distinctive properties, chalcogenide materials have attracted attention in response to the growing need for sustainable energy sources, with a particular focus on the efficient utilization of solar energy. One of the principal challenges associated with PSCslies in addressing the fill factor (FF) deficit and resolving stability concerns. Band alignment and resistance at the interface further reduce the fill factor, thereby limiting device performance. This research demonstrates that Cu2NiSnS4 (CNTS) can serve as an effective hole transport material for perovskite solar cells, offering an enhanced stability. In this study, kesterite-based CNTS is utilized as a hole-selective interlayer in inverted CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on ITO/CNTS substrates. CNTS was selected due to its numerous advantages, including the abundance of their constituent elements in nature, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, appropriate band gap and absorption coefficient for photovoltaic (PV) applications, as well as their tunable band gap properties. Deposition of CNTS onto ITO glass alters the substrate's work function, resulting in open-circuit voltages exceeding 1.0 V. Solar cells on ITO substrates without a metal oxide layer demonstrated an exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.6 %. This highlights the potential of PSCs for high performance with a single selective contact. Our findings reveal that these cells retain over 93 % of their initial efficiency after 720 h, demonstrating improved stability. Replacing p-type organic materials with inorganic counterparts offers a promising avenue for further research.The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office (Project No: 23401165) and Visiting Trentino Program of Provincia Autonoma di Trento (https:// www.provincia.tn.it/Servizi/Bando-Visiting-in-Trentin o-2024).Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office [23401165]; Visiting Trentino Program of Provincia Autonoma di Trent
Üzerlik (Peganum harmala L.) Bitkisinin Fitokimyasal Profili, Antioksidan ve Sitotoksik Aktiviteleri Üzerine Ön Çalışma
No full textÜzerlik (Peganum harmala L.), antik çağlardan beri tıbbi kullanımı ile ön plana çıkan çok yıllık bir bitkidir. Bu çalışmada, üzerliğin metanol ekstresinin fitokimyasal profili HPLC ile karakterize edildi ve toplam fenolik ve flavonoid miktarları spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle belirlendi. Ayrıca, üzerliğin antioksidan ve sitotoksik (HT-29 (insan kolon kanseri hattı), HeLa (insan servikal kanser hattı) ve HEK-293 (insan embriyonik böbrek 293)) aktiviteleri araştırıldı. Taranan 20 farklı fitokimyasal bileşik arasında kateşin (2,65±0,01 mg/g), kumarin (0,96±0,01 mg/g), askorbik asit (0,91±0,02 mg/g), protokateşik asit (0,85±0,01 mg/g), gallik asit (0,60±0,01 mg/g), hesperidin (0,24±0,01 mg/g), ferulik asit (0,06±0,01 mg/g), rutin (0,04±0,01 mg/g) ve trans-sinnamik asit (0,03±0,01 mg/g) varlığı belirlendi. Toplam fenolik madde miktarı 63,80±0,13 µg GAE/mg ekstre ve toplam flavonoid miktarı 13,50±0,36 µg QE/mg ekstre olarak bulundu. Üzerlik metanol ekstresi, ABTS•+ (IC50: 353,67±1,10 µg/mL), DPPH• (%17,54±0,45), CUPRAC (absorbans: 0,41±0,02), fosfomolibden (A0,50: 99,11±0,02 µg/mL) ve metal kelatlama (%38,47±0,77) yöntemlerinde değişen derecelerde antioksidan aktivite gösterdi. Üzerlik metanol ekstresi HT-29 hücre hattında (> 800 µg/mL) düşük sitotoksik aktiviteye sahipken, HeLa hücre hattında (IC50: 45,84±0,95 μg/mL) pozitif kontrole yakın sitotoksik aktivite gösterdi. Bu bulgular, üzerliğin özellikle olası ilaç ve gıda katkı maddesi uygulamalarına odaklanan araştırmalar açısından doğal antioksidan ve sitotoksik (HeLa hücre hattına karşı) ajanların arayışında değerli bir rezerv olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır
Advancing Perovskite Solar Cells: Inorganic CCTS Hole-Transporting Material for Enhanced Efficiency and Stability
No full textOne of the most effective methods for generating renewable energy is the efficient conversion of photons into electrical energy using environmentally sustainable materials. In recent years, the integration of chalcogenide materials, which exhibit graphene-like semiconducting properties and high charge carrier mobility, into perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has garnered significant attention for enhancing the performance, stability, and ecofriendly nature of these devices. In this study, Cu2CoSnS4 (CCTS) nanocrystals were synthesized and utilized as a fully inorganic hole transport layer (HTL) in inverted PSCs. Devices incorporating 6 vol% CCTS achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.07 %, and retained 93 % of their initial efficiency after 720 h under inert storage conditions, without encapsulation. This demonstrates a notable improvement in stability compared to conventional PEDOT: PSS-based devices. The optimized CCTS HTL provided better energy level alignment, reduced moisture ingress, and enhanced charge transport. These findings indicate that CCTS is a promising inorganic HTL candidate for efficient and stable PSCs.The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office (Project No: 23401165). Fahriye Sar ; imath; acknowledges the financial support from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (2211-C TUBITAK).Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office [23401165]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [2211-C TUBITAK