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A Novel Approach for Tomato Leaf Disease Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
No full textComputer -aided automation systems for the detection of plant diseases represent a challenging and highly impactful research domain in the field of agriculture. Tomatoes, a major and globally significant agricultural commodity, are cultivated in large quantities. This study introduces a novel approach for the automated detection of diseases on tomato leaves, leveraging both classical machine learning methods and deep neural networks for image classification. Specifically, classical learning methods employed the local binary pattern (LBP) technique for feature extraction, while classification tasks were carried out using extreme learning machines, k -nearest neighborhood (kNN), and support vector machines (SVM). In contrast, a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) framework, complete with unique parameters and layers, was utilized for deep learning. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art studies in terms of accuracy. The classification process covered various scenarios, including binary classification (healthy vs. unhealthy), 6 -class classification, and 10 -class classification for distinguishing different types of diseases. The findings indicate that the CNN model consistently outperformed classical learning methods, achieving accuracy rates of 99.5%, 98.50%, and 97.0% for 2 -class, 6 -class, and 10 -class classifications, respectively. Future research may explore the use of computer -aided automated systems to detect diseases in diverse plant species
Balıkesir Yöresinden Toplanan Biberiye ve Fesleğen Bitkilerine Ait Uçucu Yağların Antioksidan ve Antimikotik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
No full textIn recent years, with the increasing interest in plant -derived antioxidant and antimicrobial substances, scientific studies on essential oils have started to take place more in the literature. In this study, we examined the antioxidant and antimycotic properties of the essential oils of rosemary and basil plant that collected from Balikesir region. Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L) and basilicum ( Ocimum basilicum L.) herb plant species were used as study material. Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (ATCC 28253) and Aspergillus parasiticus (DSM 5771) were used to determine in vitro antimycotic effect of essential oils obtained from plants by hydro distillation method. The total phenolic component analysis and the total antioxidant capacity were implemented to determine the antioxidant properties of essential oils. In order to compare the results obtained within the scope of the study with the samples produced industrially and sold to the end consumer, commercial equivalents of essential oils were also examined in terms of antimycotic and antioxidant properties. The study proved the antioxidant and antimycotic properties of the rosemary and basil plant collected from Balikesir region. Furthermore, it was also observed that there are some important differences ( P <0.05) between antimycotic and antioxidant characteristics of aromatic plants that were collected from different locations. It was revealed that among all the analysis results obtained, the essential oil of basil collected from the S & imath;nd & imath;rg & imath; district, which is at the highest and furthest location from the sea, with an inhibition diameter of 68.83 mm, showed the highest antimycotic effect on mold. The highest phenolic substance content was found as 17305.3 mg GAE L -1 and 4497.8 mg GAE L( -1 )for basil from Bigadi & ccedil; and rosemary from Alt & imath;eyl & uuml;l county, respectively. The antioxidant capacity values determined by the DPPH method ranged from 0.9118.65 limol troloks mL( -1) oil. Antimycotic effect, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity values of nearly all commercial essential oils analyzed within the scope of the study were found to be lower than the essential oils produced in the laboratory
Even I Get Bored with Ordinary Presentations: Social Studies Teacher Candidates' Perspectives on Web 2.0 Tools
No full textThe current study examines the perspectives of preservice social studies teachers about using Web 2.0 tools. Researchers used the case study design to achieve the purpose of the study. The working group consists of 25 preservice social studies teachers enrolled for the course \"Social Studies Teaching II.\" The data were collected from three data sources: A structured interview form, unstructured observations, and documents. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The research results show that the participants learned Web 2.0 tools from academics at their university and mainly used Web 2.0 tools during the measurement and evaluation stage of their teaching performance. Moreover, the researchers observed that the participants used similar Web 2.0 tools, and some still discovered new instructional tools with more research. Furthermore, the participants stated that Web 2.0 tools contribute to learning, facilitate teaching, enable permanent learning, and attract attention by making social studies teaching fun. Lastly, while most preservice teachers mentioned that Web 2.0 tools have no limitations, some stated that Web 2.0 tools have limitations. It is concluded that Web 2.0 tools significantly enhance social studies courses and should be part of social studies teacher education programs
Quality attributes of oil extracted from hazelnuts treated with gaseous ozone
No full textIn this study, the impact of ozonation on hazelnut oil quality was investigated. Hazelnuts were exposed to gaseous ozone at different concentrations (3.3 and 10 mg center dot L-1) and exposure times (30, 60, and 120 min). The fatty acid value and composition remained unchanged. beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and increment 5-avenasterol contents were unaffected. With increasing ozone levels and exposure times, there was a slight rise in peroxide value and gamma-tocopherol, and a decrease in alpha-tocopherol. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were lower in oil extracted from hazelnuts which had been ozonated for more than 60 min at both doses, compared to the control. Overall, the quality and composition of hazelnut oil remained stable with ozone treatments, depending on the treatment conditionsNamik Kemal University Scientific Research Projects Fund; [NKUBAP.03.GA.17.116]The authors would like to thank Namik Kemal University Scientific Research Projects Fund for the support of the study with the project coded NKUBAP.03.GA.17.116. Special thanks should be given to Mehmet Efe, who is the owner of the PCS Electronics, for his professional guidance and valuable support for ozone applications
Treatment of Leather Industry Wastewater Using Coagulation, Ultraviolet/Persulfate Processing and Nanofiltration for Water Recovery
No full textThis study investigated water recovery with the treatment of leather industry processes wastewater (washing, pickling, and degreasing units) using coagulation, ultraviolet/persulfate (UV/PS) treatment, and nanofiltration processes. Coagulation studies were carried out using alum as the coagulant, and the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was obtained at pH 7 for all the wastewater. The highest COD and total organic carbon (TOC) removal were 80.9 and 50.5% in the wastewater washing unit (S2O82-: 8 g/L, pH 7) and 76.5 and 96.1% in the wastewater degreasing unit (S2O82-: 16 g/L, pH 6) using UV/PS oxidation, respectively. High COD and TOC removal could not be achieved with UV/PS oxidation in the wastewater pickling unit. In the studies performed with NP030 nanofiltration membrane after UV/PS oxidation, the highest permeability and COD removal was achieved at pH 7 under 4 x 10(5) Pa pressure in wastewater washing and degreasing units. After 75 min of nanofiltration at pH 7 in washing and degreasing units, the total filtrate amount was 39.8 and 42.3 L/m(2) h, respectively. COD concentration in the wastewater washing unit decreased from 4434 to 138 mg/L, while it decreased from 5833 to 212 mg/L in the wastewater degreasing unit with coagulation, UV/PS processing, and nanofiltration. As a result, the treatment of leather industry wastewater through separate streams with coagulation, UV/PS, and nanofiltration, washing, and degreasing unit wastewater provides very high COD removal. Also, it has been shown impossible to treat the pickling unit wastewater by UV/PS oxidation.[NKUBAP.06.YL.21.336]This study was supported by the project no. NKUBAP.06.YL.21.336 within the scope of the master's thesis
On the Synchronizability of Quadratic Integrate and Fire Neurons
No full textSynchronization is a property of complex systems that manifests itself as the emergence of collective behavior from local interactions. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system, and in neuronal networks, the firing times of the neurons get synchronized via the electrical and chemical synapses among them. This property has been observed in both computational models and experimental studies. However, this synchronization's mechanisms have not yet been totally revealed. Here, we investigate the synchronization properties of quadratic integrate and fire (QIF) neurons from a computational modeling perspective. QIF neurons are simple yet effective models in the sense that they have the ability to capture complex behavior observed in neurons. We present analytical results concerning the spiking frequency of the QIF neurons and the relationships between membrane voltage and phase of the neurons. We give simulation results for a simple network of all-to-all coupled QIF neurons, demonstrating the effects of different types of coupling among the network members. We show that electrical and inhibitory chemical synapses play complementary roles in the formation of synchronized behavior in a neuronal network. Our results contribute to our understanding of the brain to produce cognitive abilities and coordinated action
POSTA SANATI ÇALIŞMALARINI SANAT FELSEFESİ AÇISINDAN BİR İNCELEME
No full textPosta sanatı, 20. yüzyılın ortalarında Fluxus ve Dada gibi hareketlerin etkisiyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Genellikle posta yoluyla gönderilen sanatsal çalışmaların bir türü olarak tanımlanır. Bu tür sanat eserleri, posta sistemini bir iletişim ve eser taşıma aracı olarak kullanarak yayılmış, genellikle alternatif sanat pratiğinin bir parçası olarak değerlendirilir. Posta sanatı, posta servisi aracılığıyla küçük ölçekli çalışmalar göndermeye odaklanan popülist bir sanat hareketidir. Sanatçının bir ifade aracı olarak kullandığı posta sanatı sanatçının yaratıcılığını geliştiren, kendisini farklı bir sanat türünde ifade etme olanağı sunan ve tüm özgürlük biçimlerini (ifade özgürlüğü, yaratma özgürlüğü, düşünce özgürlüğü, istenç özgürlüğü vb.) diğer sanat türlerinde olduğu gibi sergileyebilen bir sanat türüdür dolayısıyla sanatçı tüm özgünlüğüyle estetik algısını kullanarak bir posta sanatı yaratmaktadır çünkü herhangi bir sanat nesnesini yaratmak için estetik bir bakışa ihtiyaç vardır. Bu estetik ve sanatsal bakışı inceleyebilmek için teknik ve malzeme bilgisine ihtiyaç vardır. Posta sanatçıları genellikle basit ve ucuz malzemeler kullanır. Bunlar arasında kartpostallar, zarflar, pul, gazete parçaları, çıkartmalar ve el yapımı baskılar gibi materyaller bulunabilir. Çeşitli teknikler kullanarak, sanatçılar gönderileri üzerinde çizimler yapabilir, kolajlar oluşturabilir veya diğer yaratıcı teknikleri kullanabilirler. Bu bağlamda, Geçmişten günümüze kadar posta sanatında yapılan tasarımların estetik bakışının önemi vurgulanarak, çeşitli mecralarda yapılan ve sanatçıların yaptığı posta sanatı çalışmaları incelenerek tasarım ve estetik açıdan nasıl bakıldığı irdelenecektir. Aynı zamanda bu çalışmada bahsedilen sanat felsefesi çözümlemesinde yöntem olarak sanat epistemolojik bir inceleme olarak bakılmaktadır
The Effect of Real Wages on Employment after the Global Financial Crisis: The Case of the Turkish Manufacturing Industry
No full textThis paper analyzes the effect of real wages on employment in the Turkish manufacturing industry after the 2008 global financial crisis. The effect was estimated for 24 manufacturing sectors using panel data analysis covering the period from 2009Q1 to 2019Q4. The panel cointegration results demonstrated a significant long-run relationship between real wages and employment, while the panel augmented mean group (AMG) estimator results indicated a significant long-run positive effect of real wages on employment. At the sectoral level, the effect was either insignificant or positive except for one sector. These findings indicate that an increase in real wages can raise employment by positively affecting the goods market and national income through the effective demand channel. That is, the manufacturing industry's wage policies for enhancing effective demand can raise employment in Turkiye
THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSMEDIA STORYTELLING IN MARKETING AND BRANDING: THE NILOYA CASE
No full textTransmedya hikaye anlatıcılığı, yeni nesil tüketicilerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılayarak sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı elde etmeyi hedefleyen markalar için etkili bir pazarlama stratejisidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı transmedya hikaye anlatıcılığının markalaşma ve pazarlamada önemine dikkat çekmek ve başarılı olmuş Niloya markasının pazarlama çalışmalarında, transmedya hikaye anlatımı kullanımını Jenkins’in 7 temel ilkesi kapsamında değerlendirmektir. Keşifsel araştırma türünde olan bu çalışmada bolca ikincil veriler ve internet siteleri incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bu çalışmada Türk yapımcıların Niloya transmedya projesini hem pazarlama hem de marka stratejisi olarak yürüttüğü, transmedya hikaye anlatıcılığının temel ilkelerine erişildiği hikayeyi bir Türk medya markası haline getirdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle, Niloya'nın yayılabilirlik, dalma ve çıkarma, dizileştirme, öznellik ve performans ilkelerini başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar transmedya hikaye anlatıcılığının sadece eğlence amaçlı değil, aynı zamanda eğitimsel ve kültürel değerleri aktarmada da etkili bir araç olduğunu göstermektedir.Transmedia storytelling represents an efficacious marketing strategy for brands seeking to gain a sustainable competitive advantage by addressing the needs of the emerging consumer demographic. The objective of this study is twofold: firstly, to highlight the significance of transmedia storytelling in the context of branding and marketing, and secondly, to assess the utilisation of transmedia storytelling in the marketing endeavours of the Niloya brand, situated within the framework of Jenkins' seven fundamental principles. In this exploratory research type study, a great amount of secondary data and websites were analysed. This study has demonstrated that the Niloya transmedia project was undertaken by Turkish producers as both a marketing and a brand strategy, with the objective of establishing the story as a Turkish media brand in which the fundamental principles of transmedia storytelling were successfully realised. In particular, it was found that Niloya successfully achieved the principles of diffusibility, immersion and extraction, serialisation, subjectivity and performance. The results show that transmedia storytelling is an effective tool not only for entertainment purposes but also for conveying educational and cultural values
Does neo-adjuvant chemotherapy improve the negative effect of lymphovascular invasion in survival after radical cystectomy?
No full textPurpose: There is a lack of studies in the literature to evaluate the impact of the specific benefit of the use of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on the negative effect of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) on prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the survival differences of patients according to the presence of LVI with and without administration of NAC before radical cystectomy (RC). Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated data of the patients who underwent RC with pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion for bladder cancer recorded in the bladder cancer database of the Turkish Uro-oncology Association between 2007 and 2021. Patient demographics, follow-up time and overall survival (OS) were noted. Results: A total of 633 subjects included in the analyses. Median follow-up time was 24 months (IQR 12-54). Five years OS of the whole cohort was 55.1%. This was 54.7% and 59.9% in NAC- and NAC+ groups (P = 0.683), respectively. It was also 35.7% and 65.7% in LVI+ and LVI- patients (P < 0.0001), respectively. There was a significant difference between LVI+ and LVI- patients (33.2% vs. 68.2%, P < 0.0001) in NAC- group, but similar 5-year OS was found (53.2% vs. 64.5%, P = 0.552) in NAC+ group. In multivariable analyses, female gender, pN stages, presence of variant histology and LVI were significant independent predictive factors for OS in the whole cohort and in the NAC- group. However, gender association, pN stages and LVI lost significance in NAC+ group. Conclusion: Presence of LVI significantly reduced OS, and the NAC treatment improved the negative effects of LVI on OS. Our findings encourage the use of NAC before RC. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved