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A Reading of a Political Novel in Nedim Gürsel's Devil, Angel, and Communist
Get PDFBu çalışmada, Nedim Gürsel’in Şeytan, Melek ve Komünist adlı romanı siyasal roman kuramı çerçevesinde incelenecektir. Siyasal roman, siyasi bir düşünce üretme ve bunu okura benimsetme gibi ereği olmayan, bunun yerine tarihsel bir dönemin siyasi olay ve kişilerden devinimle egemen olan siyasi bakış açılarını sanatsal bir kaygıyla sorunsallaştıran bir tür olarak tanımlanır. Bu bağlamda Gürsel’in romanı, bir yandan bütünüyle siyasal bir uzam olan Berlin Duvarı özelinde dönemin iki kutuplu dünyasını, öte yandan da şair Nazım Hikmet’in kişiliğinde o dönem Türkiye’sinin siyasal olaylarını anlatısının odağına yerleştirir. Şair Nazım Hikmet’in yaşamöyküsünü yazmak isteyen bir yazarın İstanbul’dan Berlin’e gelmesiyle başlayan olay örgüsü, yazarın geçmişteki Berlin serüvenleriyle ilerlerken adının Ali Albayrak olduğunu öğrendiğimiz eski bir komünistin yazara verdiği bazı belgelerle yapıt siyasal bir içeriğe bürünür. Söz konusu bu eski komünistin kendi geçmişiyle yüzleşmesi ve hesaplaşması olarak görebileceğimiz edimleri, okura Türkiye’de yapılan darbeye ve bir dönemin düşülkesi olan komünizme içerden bakma olanağı sunar. Yazar yeri geldikçe adı geçen olay ve kavramları eleştirmekten geri durmaz. Romandaki yapı, olay örgüsü, kişiler ve uzamlar, yukarıda kısaca tanımını yapmaya çalıştığımız siyasal roman kavramı çerçevesinde işlevselleştiğinden, yapıtı tür olarak siyasal roman ulamında değerlendirmemize olanak tanır. Bu doğrultuda yapıt, yapısal ögelerden olay örgüsü gibi içeriğe ilişkin tüm düzlemlerde siyasal roman kuramı çerçevesinde irdelenecek ve tartışılacaktır.In this study, Nedim Gürsel's novel Satan, Angel and Communist will be analysed within the framework of political novel theory. The political novel is defined as a genre that does not aim to produce a political thought and make the reader adopt it, but instead problematises the political perspectives that dominate the political events and people of a historical period with an artistic concern. In this context, Gürsel's novel places the bipolar world of the period at the centre of its narrative, on the one hand through the Berlin Wall, a purely political space, and on the other hand through the personality of the poet Nazım Hikmet, the political events of Turkey of that period. The plot begins when a writer who wants to write the biography of the poet Nazım Hikmet travels from Istanbul to Berlin and progresses with the writer's past adventures in Berlin, while the work takes on a political content with some documents given to the writer by a former communist, whose name we learn is Ali Albayrak. The actions of this former communist, seen as a confrontation and reckoning with his own past, offer the reader the opportunity to look at the coup d'état in Turkey and communism, once a dream country, from the inside. The author does not refrain from criticising the events and concepts mentioned from time to time. Since the structure, plot, people, and spaces in the novel are functionalised within the framework of the concept of political novel, which we have tried to briefly define above, it allows us to evaluate the work in the genre of political novel. In this direction, the work will be analysed and discussed within the framework of the theory of the political novel on all levels related to content such as structural elements and plot
Pruritus: An Overlooked Symptom of Spinal Tumors
Get PDFGiriş Kronik kaşıntı, karmaşık yapısından dolayı sıklıkla ağrıyla ilişkilendirilir. Nöropatik kaşıntı, bugüne kadar hakkında fazla bir şey bilinmeyen, kronik kaşıntının bir şekli olarak tanımlanır. Bu durum çeşitli nörolojik olayların bir sonucu olarak gelişebilir ve somatosensoriyel sinir sistemindeki hasarla ilişkili kısmı, kronik kaşıntı vakalarının yaklaşık %10'unu oluşturur. Siringomiyeli, transvers miyelit, radikülopatiler, torasik omurga kitleleri, beyin tümörleri, felçler ve apseler bugüne kadar nöropatik kaşıntı ile ilişkililendirilmiş durumlar arasındadır. Olgu Bilinen herhangi bir hastalığı olmayan ve düzenli ilaç kullanımı olmayan 65 yaşında kadın hasta, iki yıldır devam eden kaşıntı şikayeti ile başvurdu. Kaşıntı başlangıçta iki taraflı diz altı fleksör yüzeylerinde yaklaşık beş santimetrelik alanda başlamıştı. Fizik muayenede kaşıntının olduğu bölgelerde eritematöz ekskoriye papüller görüldü. Hastanın kan şekeri, karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyon testleri, tam kan sayımı, eritrosit sedimantasyon hızı, tiroid fonksiyon testleri, idrar tahlili, dışkı parazitolojisi normal idi. Aynı bölgede soğukluk hissi bildiren hasta, olası nöropatik kaşıntının etiyolojisinin araştırılması için beyin cerrahisine yönlendirildi. Hastanın görüntülemesinde spinal tümör saptandı. Beyin cerrahisi tarafından gerçekleştirilen ameliyatta omurga kitlesi çıkarıldı ve hasta, ameliyat sonrası kaşıntılarının tamamen kaybolduğunu bildirdi. Sonuç Ağrının bir çeşidi olarak kaşıntı kavramı çok yeni olmamakla birlikte, merkezi veya periferik sinir sisteminde meydana gelen ve kaşıntının işlenmesinden sorumlu nöronları etkileyen herhangi bir hasar, nöropatik kaşıntıya yol açabilir. Omurilik patolojilerine odaklanacak olursak, spinal korda zarar veren herhangi bir durum, hasarın derecesine bağlı olarak kaşıntıya neden olabilir. Ağrı, sıcak veya soğuk hissi, paroksismal kaşıntının olduğu dermatomal kaşıntı durumlarında ek görüntüleme yöntemleri veya etiyolojiye yönelik araştırmalar yapılmalıdır.Background Chronic itch is often associated with pain due to its complex nature. Neuropathic pruritus is defined as a debilitating form of chronic itching, about which not much is known to date. This condition may develop as a result of various neurological events and is associated with damage to the somatosensory nervous system, accounting for approximately 10% of chronic itching cases. Syringomyelia, transverse myelitis, radiculopathies, thoracic spine masses, brain tumors, strokes, and abscesses are among the conditions associated with neuropathic itching to date. Case presentation A 65-year-old female patient, with no known diseases and no regular medication usage, presented with a complaint of itching that had been ongoing for the past two years. Itching initially started in approximately five cm areas on the bilateral below-knee flexor surfaces. The patient, whose complaints persisted, was referred to the internal medicine outpatient clinic by dermatology. On physical examination, erythematous excoriated papules were observed in the areas affected by itching. The patient's blood sugar, liver and kidney function tests, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thyroid function tests, urinalysis, stool parasitology were all normal or negative. The patient reported a sensation of coldness in the same area, was referred to neurosurgery to investigate the etiology of possible neuropathic itching. The patient's spinal imaging, revealed a spinal mass. She underwent surgery performed by a neurosurgeon, during which the spinal mass was completely removed. She reported that her itching had completely disappeared post-operatively. Conclusions The concept of itching as a variant of pain is not very new. Any damage occurring in the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system that affects the neurons responsible for transmitting and processing itch can lead to neuropathic itching. Focusing on spinal cord pathologies, any condition that damages the spinal cord may cause itching, depending on the level of damage. In cases of itching with dermatomal localization, where pain, hot or cold sensations, and paroxysmal itching are present, additional imaging methods or investigations for etiology should be performed
The Relationship between Agriculture and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Türkiye: A Non-Linear Evidence
No full textAgricultural production has both increased and become more efficient with the development of technology. However, greenhouse gases such as CO2 released into the air during production cause climate change. This situation also affects agricultural productivity. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is the examine the interaction between agricultural sector activity and CO2 emissions in Türkiye in a non-linear framework. For this purpose, the Maki cointegration test and the Single Fourier frequency Toda & Yamamoto causality test were used to investigate the interplay between agricultural value added and CO2 using time series data covering the period from 1968 to 2018. In addition to the empirical analysis developed in the paper, our study adds to the literature by studying the relationship between CO2 and energy consumption in the agricultural sector, as opposed to studies that use aggregate CO2 emissions as an indicator of climate change. In addition, the short- and long-run interactions between CO2 and agricultural productivity were investigated by estimating two separate equations where agricultural productivity and CO2 emissions are used as dependent variables. The Maki cointegration test cointegration test shows the existence of a long-run relationship between agricultural value added and CO2 emissions under structural breaks. The detected significant breaks are associated with significant events affecting the Türkiye economy. For instance, when agricultural value added is the dependent variable, the break dates of 1971 and 1974 coincide with the oil crisis, while the breaking dates of 2002 and 2008 coincide with Türkiye’s 2001 financial crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis. Similarly, the break dates of 1973 and 1977 obtained in the CO2 equation are associated with the 1970s’ global oil crisis. Long-run parameter estimates derived from FMOLS and CCR estimators indicated that CO2 emissions have a long-run, positive and significant impact on agricultural productivity. In addition, the long-run results support the existence of a positive and significant impact of agricultural productivity on environmental degradation. The gradual shift causality test also supports the presence of one-way causality, running from agriculture output to CO2
Pesticide Nanoformulations Based on Sunlight-Activated Controlled Release of Abamectin
No full textA controlled release system that enables the sunlight-triggered release of a model agrochemical, abamectin (abm), is presented. The release system consists of polydopamine functionalized halloysite nanotubes (HNT-PDA) utilized as photothermal nanocarriers to encapsulate 25 wt % abm and 37 wt % lauric acid (LA), a phase change material, that acts as a heat-activable gatekeeper stopping or facilitating the abm release. When exposed to sunlight for 20 min at 1 and 3 sun light density, the temperature of the photothermal nanocarriers reaches 51 and 122 degrees C, respectively, which triggers the melting of LA and the consequent release of abm from the nanocarriers. Abm was shown to be released gradually over a period of 10 days when nanohybrids were exposed to sunlight for 6 h per day and to remain stable and kill Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), green peach aphids, at a mortality rate of over 70% for at least 10 days. Aqueous dispersions of the LA/abm@HNT-PDA nanohybrids were studied in terms of their potential as aqueous sprayable pesticide nanoformulations and presented over 30% suspensibility, 36 mg/cm(2) foliar retention, strong rainwater resistance, and a 50% mortality rate for M. persicae at a concentration of 9 mg/mL. The proposed sunlight-activated controlled release system based on photothermal, LA-functionalized HNT-PDA nanocarriers holds great potential as controlled release pesticide nanoformulations.T?rkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu [120Z723]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under project number 120Z723
NATURE-INSPIRED ART: EXAMPLES OF MUSHROOM STRUCTURES
Get PDFİnsan doğanın bir parçası olarak var olmuş, hayatta kalmıştır. Mağara devrinden günümüze devam eden bu birliktelik, doğanın konu olduğu büyük bir kültür birikimine yol açmıştır. Farklı dönemlerde, farklı disiplinlerden birçok sanatçı doğayı, doğaya ait canlı, cansız nesneleri esin kaynağı olarak seçmişlerdir. Doğa; edebiyattan, mimariye, resimden, heykele sanat eserlerinde pek çok farklı yüzüyle yer almıştır. Sanatçılar çalışmalarında kimi zaman bir manzarayı kimi zaman doğada var olan canlı cansız nesneleri kendini ifade etmede araç olarak kullanmışlardır. Bu çalışmada, insan-doğa-sanat arasındaki karşılıklı etkilenme ve etkilemeye dayanan (simbiyotik) ilişkiye odaklanılmış, doğanın en önemli organizmalarından biri olan, doğadaki hayat döngüsünün temel kaynağı kabul edilen mantar yapılarından esin alan sanat çalışmaları örneklenerek, analiz edilmiş, bu doğal organizmanın sanatçı ve doğa için taşıdığı anlamlarla beraber, tarihsel anlamda da küresel kültürdeki yeri, önemi irdelenmiştir. Seçilen eserler ve sanatçılar modern yaşam içinde insanın varlıklarından haberdar olmadığı mantarlar dünyasını izleyicisine bir eser olarak sunan, eserleri aracılığıyla doğaya dair farkındalık ve duyarlılık yaratmayı hedefleyen, doğa-insan arasındaki etkileşimi sorgulayan çağdaş sanatçıların eserleridir. Mantar yapılarının sanat eserlerine hangi yönü ile yansıdığı, sanatçıların mantar yapılarını eserlerinde ne şekilde kullandıkları nitel araştırma yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; doğal formların çağdaş sanattaki varlığı; sanatın doğaya olan bağlılığını korurken izleyicisinin, doğaya bakışını biçimlendirme gücüne sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.Humans have coexisted with nature since the cave age, resulting in rich cultural history centered around it. Throughout different periods, artists from various disciplines drawn inspiration from nature's animate . Nature has been depicted in literature, architecture, painting, and sculpture in many different ways. Artists used landscapes, natural objects as a means of self-expression in their works. This study examines symbiotic relationship between humans, nature, art, focusing on mutual influence. It analyzes artworks inspired by fungal structures, which are considered one of the most important organisms in nature due to their role in the life cycle. The study also explores the significance of this natural organism in global culture, both historically and in terms of its meaning for artists and nature. The featured works and artists showcase world of fungi as a work of art, aiming to raise awareness and sensitivity about nature. They question the interaction between nature, human beings, highlighting previously overlooked aspect of modern life. Qualitative research methods were used to analyze how mushroom structures are reflected in works of art and how artists utilize them. found that art featuring natural forms has the ability to shape the audience's perception of nature while remaining committed to it
Screening of Vegetal Dyes for Wool Dyeing: Selection of Feasible Alternatives for Industrial Applications
No full textAlthough there are many studies on dyeing of wool fibers with natural dyes, it is noteworthy that the studies generally consist of evaluating the color and fastness values by dyeing with selected plants and mordants, rather than ensuring that natural dyes are industrially applicable. This study aims to find out whether or not there is any plant that can give good fastness values on wool without using mordant by examining 50 different plants. Thus, plants that gave yellow, red, and blue colors with good fastness values were determined without using mordant. Accordingly, safflower for yellow color, quince leaf for reddish color (dried rose color), and ratanjot for grayish-blue color gave the best results for trichromatic dyeing. Actually, red and blue colors can be obtained successively with madder and indigo, respectively. However, indigo requires a special vatting process, which prevents its usage in the same bath with yellow and red dyes. For this reason, ratanjot can be an alternative for bluish color since it can be applied with yellow and red dyes in a single bath. If madder is used for red when ratanjot and safflower are used for blueish and yellow colors, respectively, an imbalance will occur in trichromatic dyeings due to high color yield of madder. To eliminate this drawback, it was observed that quince leaf rather than madder would be more suitable for trichromatic dyeings. Studies have shown that the ratanjot is a plant that can give bluish color without the need for the vatting process, and thus, the problem of trichromatic dyeing in a single bath has been eliminated. It is assumed that natural dyes should also be available in powder form just like synthetic dyes for obtaining standard production. For this reason, the obtained plant extracts were converted into powder dyes. Finally, color yield and fastness properties were examined by dyeing with powder dyes in different depths. Moreover, it was determined that pomegranate peel, madder, and indigo could be used for bright yellow, bright red, and bright blue colors, respectively, but they were not suitable for dyeing in a single bath. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Korean Fiber Society.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK, (122M184
Vegetable Losses and Waste Along the Supply Chain and Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Recycling: Towards to Green Supply Chain
No full textThe aims of the study were (i) to determine amount of the vegetable losses and waste generated along the supply chain by production system such as under greenhouse and conventional system in open area, (ii) to explore the amount of willingness to pay for recycling vegetable losses and waste by composting and its determinants, (iii) to reveal the economic feasibility of composting vegetable losses and waste at district level and (iv) to calculate the individual and social cost of vegetable losses and waste along the supply chain by production system in Turkey. The farm level research data were collected from 81 conventional farms and 45 greenhouse farms in the Samsun province of Turkey by using questionnaires. In addition, 50 traders and 17 greengrocers, 13 supermarkets and 9 local marketers were interviewed. When quantifying vegetable losses and waste in mass, vegetable supply chain was examined in five different stages such as production, postharvest handling and storage, processing and packaging, distribution and retail. Contingent valuation method was used to asses willingness to pay of farmers, traders/merchants in wholesale market hall, greengrocer and super markets for composting of vegetable losses and waste. The economic feasibility of recycling of waste was revealed by using the net present value, cost-benefit analysis and internal rate of return. According to the research findings, the loss rates of vegetables produced per hectare in the greenhouse at the farm, wholesaler and retailer levels were respectively 2.2%; 1% and 20.3%. The loss rates of vegetables produced per hectare in the conventional farm at the farm, wholesaler and retailer levels were 3%, respectively; 0.9% and 16.8%. The individual loss of producers in the examined area was 0.67 thousand US , respectively. The total social loss in the examined area was 6.83 thousand US $. When an assessment was made at the national level, the social loss was about 4% of the annual agricultural income. According to the research results, it has been concluded that depending on the amount of losses, the compost production facility to be established in the district can economically recycle vegetable losses and wastes
On the Hermite and Mathieu Special Characterizations to the Logarithmic Zakharov–Kuznetsov Equations
No full textIn this paper, we find the new travelling wave solutions for several aspects of logarithmic Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equations using an efficient technique called the special function method which is composed of Hermite and Mathieu differential equations being novel and special functions. In order to illustrate the efficiency of the projected scheme, we considered four different examples with different cases, namely, logarithmic ZK (log-ZK) equation, logarithmic modified ZK (log-mZK) equation, and logarithmic ZK modified equal width (log-ZK-mEW) equation and logarithmic ZK–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (log-ZKBBM) equation. The behaviour of the obtained results and corresponding consequences are illustrated and captured. Finally, the obtained results confirm that the considered solution procedure can be widely employed to find the solution and also capture some interesting and stimulating consequences. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited
MUTLU_KUMRU MEMRİSTÖR MODELİNİN SPİCE MODELİ VE TESTEREDİŞİ SİNYAL JENERATÖRÜ İÇİN ANALİZİ MODELLENMESİ VE SİMULASYONU
Get PDFMemristor has turned into a popular nonlinear circuit element following the discovery of a thin-film system that mimics the behavior of a memristor. Some memristor research has concentrated on developing new memristor models. Some memristor models have window functions. In the literature, there are a lot of different window functions proposed for modeling them. Recently, it has been shown that some memristive models cannot do a complete resistive switching in a finite time and a window function with a finite resistive switching time has been suggested to model a memristor. In this paper, its Spice model has been given. The model is modified using a different shaping factor for each polarity. Its Spice model is made in the LTspice program. As an example, the model is used to simulate a memristor-based sawtooth generator in this study. Its simulation results are also presented to verify the circuit’s operation as a sawtooth signal generator.Memristor, memristörün davranışını taklit eden ince film sisteminin bulunmasından sonra popüler bir doğrusal olmayan devre elemanına dönüşmüştür. Memristör araştırmalarından bir kısmı yeni memristör modellerinin geliştirilmesi üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Bazı memristör modelleri pencere fonksiyonlarına sahiptir. Literatürde memristörlerin modellenmesi için önerilen birçok farklı pencere fonksiyonu bulunmaktadır. Son zamanlarda, bazı hafızalı modellerinin sonlu bir zamanda tam bir rezistif anahtarlama yapamadığı gösterilmiş ve bir memristörü modellemek için sonlu rezistif anahtarlama zamanlı bir pencere fonksiyonu önerilmiştir. Bu yazıda bu modelin Spice modeli verilmiştir. Model, her polarite için farklı bir şekillendirme katsayısı kullanılarak değiştirilebilmektedir. Spice modeli LTspice programında yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada örnek olarak, bu model memristör-tabanlı bir testere dişi jeneratörünü simüle etmek için kullanılmıştır. Simülasyon sonuçları devrenin testere dişi jeneratörü olarak çalıştığını doğrulamak için verilmiştir
Sylvain Reynard'ın Gabriel'in Cehennemi ve Jamie McGuire'nin Tatlı Bela Adlı romanları açısından iki çağdaş romanda byronik kahraman
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Ana Bilim Dalı, İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bilim DalıByronik kahraman kavramı Lord Byron tarafından tanıtılan bir arketiptir ve bu arketip kendine özgü davranışlarla bilinir. Genellikle kibirli, bencil, alımlı ve çekici olarak tarif edilir. Ama Byronik kahraman aynı zamanda başkalarına üstünlük, gerçekten kaçma eğilimi, kurallara karşı asilik, izolasyon ve karanlık aile geçmişinden kaynaklanan gizli sırları olan bir havaya sahip olan özellikler sergiler. Güncel narsisizm teorisine göre, kendi ile meşgul olmak, sürekli bir sevgi arayışı içinde olmak ama diğerlerini sevememek patolojik narsisizmin ayrıca belirtileridir. Bu yüzden, Byronik kahraman arketipi ile narsistik kişilik bozukluğu arasında bir benzerlik var gibi görünmektedir. Ama temelde sevgiye odaklanan ben-merkezli olmak istikrarlı kalırken, bu arketiple ilgil yorum ve tutumlar zamanla değişmiştir. Viktorya çağı boyunca, Byronik kahraman ahlaksız ve kurallara meydan okuyan biri olarak görüldü. Modernist dönemde, bu figür soğuk, izole olmuş ve hüsrana uğramış biri olarak tasvir edildi. Güncel edebiyatta, Byronik kahraman daha çok ana akım haline geldi, hem sosyal değişim etkisi altındaki kadınları hem de kültürel evrimi etkisi altına aldı. Bu tez Gabriel's Inferno adlı eserinden Gabriel Emerson ve Beautiful Disaster yapıtından Travis Maddox'u inceler ve onları yüzeysel farklılıklarına rağmen, narsisizmden özgün bir şekilde ayrılırken karakterlerin özünde Byronik arketipin temel özelliğini nasıl somutlaştırdığını aydınlatıyor. Arketipin kayda değer evrimini sağlayarak, bu tez bu güncel Byronik kahraman yorumları nasıl günümüz anlatılarında geleneksel narsistik köklerinden farklılaştığını göstermeyi amaçlar.The concept of Byronic hero is an archetype which is introduced by Lord Byron and known for its distinctive characteristics. He is typically depicted as arrogant, self-absorbed, charming and attractive. However, the Byronic hero also displays qualities such as superiority, a tendency to escape reality, rebellion against norms, isolation and an aura hidden troubles from a dark secret family history. According to contemporary theory of narcissism, self-preoccupation, constant search for love but incapacity to love others are also symptoms of pathological narcissism. Therefore, there seems a correspondence between the archetype of Byronic hero and the narcissistic personality disorder. However, while primarily being self-centered with a focus on love remains stable, the interpretation and traits associated with this archetype have changed over time. During the Victorian Era, the Byronic hero was seen as immoral and defiant of norms. In the Modernist period, this figure was portrayed as distant, isolated and frustrated. In the contemporary literature, the Byronic hero has become more mainstream and influenced both female characters under the influence of societal changes and cultural evolution. This thesis delves into the protagonists Gabriel Emerson from Gabriel's Inferno and Travis Maddox from Beautiful Disaster, highlighting that despite their surface disparities, these characters embody the core essence of the Byronic archetype while uniquely deviating from narcissism. By providing a significant evolution of the archetype, this thesis aims to demonstrate how these contemporary interpretations of the Byronic hero differ from traditional narcissistic roots in contemporary narratives