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CattNIS: Novel identification system of cattle with retinal images based on feature matching method
No full textSmall and large farm animals are frequently identified using techniques like microchipping or tagging. However, these techniques may have a detrimental impact on animal welfare and may result in theft and fraud. Modern and sophisticated identification procedures using biometrics, including retina, face, and iris recognition, are available and have less of a detrimental effect on animal welfare. Because biometric markers are unchangeable and unaffected, it is feasible to stop situations of theft and fraud. This study uses retina images to identify animals based on each animal ' s different and specific retinal patterns. To the best of our knowledge, there isn ' t a publicly accessible dataset for images of animal retinas. The three main goals of this study are to: 1) produce a novel dataset of Cattle retinal images and make it publicly available; 2) create a successful image processing -based system for retinal identification and recognition; and 3) create a graphical user interface (GUI) that enables querying the database to ascertain whether a specific Cattle retina is present. To accomplish these goals, a dataset comprising 2430 images from the left and right eyes of 300 cattle was produced. After the dataset was created, the animal retinal images were segmented using image processing methods such as scaling, color transformations, image sharpening, contrast enhancements, noise filtering, and histogram equalization. By using the segmented images with the SURF, FAST, BRISK, and HARRIS techniques, distinctive retinal features were found. During the identification phase, the animal whose retinal characteristic matched the sought animal ' s retina the closest was recognized. Within the developed CattNIS system, the SURF approach has the highest accuracy rate of 92.25 percent. The results of this study show that the identification of cattle using retinal vascular patterns is highly successful. The availability of the collected cattle retinal images from this study is expected to significantly contribute to the advancement of future research in this field, both in terms of quantity and quality.Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council-TUBITAK [121E349]This work was supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council-TUBITAK (Project Number: 121E349)
Conservative management of cervical ectopic pregnancy: A case report and review of literature
No full textEctopic pregnancies, occurring in approximately 1-2% of cases, are typically found within the fallopian tube. Among these instances, cervical ectopic pregnancies constitute less than 1% of cases, with the majority observed within the endocervical canal. This study presents a case of cervical ectopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization (IVF), treated with a single dose of methotrexate. A 23-year-old woman who has been married for 4 years with a history of infertility presents with complaints of abdominal pain for 2 days and vaginal spotting as bleeding, following her last menstrual period, at 5 weeks and 3 days of pregnancy. In her medical history, the patient mentions having low ovarian reserve (AMH 6.73 pmol/L), which led to in vitro fertilization (IVF) transfer 22 days ago. Due to the patient's young age and it being her first pregnancy, medical treatment with methotrexate (MTX) was decided. MTX was administered at a dose of 50 mg/m2 (100 mg of intravenous MTX in 100 ml of 0.9% NaCl). Experiences in cervical ectopic pregnancies predominantly stem from case-based experiences. Thus, when planning treatment for cervical ectopic pregnancy, a conservative or minimally invasive approach may be more appropriate, tailored to the patient's characteristics whenever possible. © 2024 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved
Atlantikçi mi Avrupacı mı Olmak? Avrupa’nın Stratejik Özerklik Arayışı
No full textThe idea that Europe should be strategically autonomous has recently been back on the European agenda. Especially Russia's aggression in Ukraine has shown that Europe should develop its own strategies and defend its interests independently. Therefore, the view that Europe should determine its own priorities and proceed accordingly has gained more support. However, the major drawback of the concept of strategic autonomy is that the parties do not fully agree on its content. For some, strategic autonomy was seen as a tool that could increase Europe's sovereignty and bargaining power, while for others it was seen as a threat that could undermine Europe's co-operation with the US and NATO. The aim of this study is to reveal and evaluate different views on Europe's strategic autonomy. In this way, while efforts are being made to redesign the European security architecture, an answer is being sought to the question of whether discussions in this direction are causing a kind of polarization in Europe.Avrupa’nın stratejik olarak özerk olması gerektiği görüşü son dönemde yeniden Avrupa gündeminde yer almıştır. Özellikle Rusya’nın Ukrayna saldırısı Avrupa’nın kendi stratejilerini geliştirip çıkarlarını bağımsız olarak savunması gerektiğini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle Avrupa’nın artık kendi önceliklerini belirleyip bu yolda ilerlemesi gerektiği yönündeki görüş daha fazla destek bulmuştur. Ancak stratejik özerklik kavramının en büyük dezavantajı tarafların onun içeriği konusunda tam bir mutabakat sağlayamamış olmalarıdır. Bir kesimin Avrupa’nın egemenliğini ve pazarlık gücünü artırabilecek bir araç olarak gördüğü stratejik özerklik bir diğer kesim için Avrupa’nın ABD ve NATO işbirliğine gölge düşürecek bir tehdit olarak görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada amaç Avrupa’nın stratejik özerkliği konusundaki farklı görüşleri ortaya koymak ve değerlendirmektir. Bu şekilde Avrupa güvenlik mimarisinin yeniden tasarlanmaya çalışıldığı günümüzde bu yöndeki tartışmaların Avrupa’da bir tür kutuplaşmaya sebep verip vermediği sorusuna da cevap aranmaya çalışılmaktadır
Diagnostic capabilities of artificial intelligence as an additional reader in a breast cancer screening program
No full textObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the early-detection capabilities of AI in a screening program over its duration, with a specific focus on the detection of interval cancers, the early detection of cancers with the assistance of AI from prior visits, and its impact on workload for various reading scenarios.Materials and methodsThe study included 22,621 mammograms of 8825 women within a 10-year biennial two-reader screening program. The statistical analysis focused on 5136 mammograms from 4282 women due to data retrieval issues, among whom 105 were diagnosed with breast cancer. The AI software assigned scores from 1 to 100. Histopathology results determined the ground truth, and Youden's index was used to establish a threshold. Tumor characteristics were analyzed with ANOVA and chi-squared test, and different workflow scenarios were evaluated using bootstrapping.ResultsThe AI software achieved an AUC of 89.6% (86.1-93.2%, 95% CI). The optimal threshold was 30.44, yielding 72.38% sensitivity and 92.86% specificity. Initially, AI identified 57 screening-detected cancers (83.82%), 15 interval cancers (51.72%), and 4 missed cancers (50%). AI as a second reader could have led to earlier diagnosis in 24 patients (average 29.92 +/- 19.67 months earlier). No significant differences were found in cancer-characteristics groups. A hybrid triage workflow scenario showed a potential 69.5% reduction in workload and a 30.5% increase in accuracy.ConclusionThis AI system exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in screening mammograms, effectively identifying interval and missed cancers and identifying 23% of cancers earlier in prior mammograms. Adopting AI as a triage mechanism has the potential to reduce workload by nearly 70%.Clinical relevance statementThe study proposes a more efficient method for screening programs, both in terms of workload and accuracy.Key Points center dot Incorporating AI as a triage tool in screening workflow improves sensitivity (72.38%) and specificity (92.86%), enhancing detection rates for interval and missed cancers.center dot AI-assisted triaging is effective in differentiating low and high-risk cases, reduces radiologist workload, and potentially enables broader screening coverage.center dot AI has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis compared to human reading.Key Points center dot Incorporating AI as a triage tool in screening workflow improves sensitivity (72.38%) and specificity (92.86%), enhancing detection rates for interval and missed cancers.center dot AI-assisted triaging is effective in differentiating low and high-risk cases, reduces radiologist workload, and potentially enables broader screening coverage.center dot AI has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis compared to human reading.Key Points center dot Incorporating AI as a triage tool in screening workflow improves sensitivity (72.38%) and specificity (92.86%), enhancing detection rates for interval and missed cancers.center dot AI-assisted triaging is effective in differentiating low and high-risk cases, reduces radiologist workload, and potentially enables broader screening coverage.center dot AI has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis compared to human reading.Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar UniversityNo Statement Availabl
The Relationship Among Maximal Aerobic Capacity, Pulmonary Function Tests, and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults
No full textAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlıklı orta yaşlı yetişkinlerde maksimal aerobik kapasite ve solunum fonksiyon testlerinin seçici dikkat ve inhibitör yanıtı içeren bilişsel fonksiyonun bir belirleyicisi olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Otuz bir kadın ve 12 erkek olmak üzere toplam 43 katılımcı çalışmaya alındı. Katılımcılara ayrı günlerde maksimal aerobik kapasite (VO2max), bazı solunum fonksiyon testleri ve kognisyon testleri uygulanmıştır. Maksimal aerobik kapasite 1 Mil Dayanıklılık Koşu/Yürüyüş Testi ile belirlenmiş ve solunum fonksiyon testleri taşınabilir spirometre ile yapılmıştır. Deneklerin seçici dikkati d2 testi ile, inhibitör yanıtı ise bilgisayar tabanlı Go/No-Go testi ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: TM parametresinin TM Model 1: (F (4-38) =1.324, p=0.279); TM Model 2: (F(8-34) =1.752, p=0.122) ile tahmininde veya E1 parametresinin E1 Model 1: (F (4-38) =1.433, p=0.242); E1 Model 2: (F (8-34) =0.824, p=0.588) ile tahmininde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Benzer şekilde, GCR ve NGRC inhibisyon parametrelerinin tahmininde sırasıyla GCR Model 1: (F(4-38) =0.389, p=0.815); GCR Model 2: (F (8-34) =0.333, p=0.947) ve NGRC Model 1: (F (4-38) =1.917, p=0.128); NGRC Model 2: (F (8-34) =2.042, p=0.071) ile anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. TM ile FEV1 arasında orta düzeyde pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (r=0.35; pAim: This study aimed to investigate if maximal aerobic capacity and pulmonary function tests can be a predictor of cognitive function including selective attention and inhibitory response in healthy middle-aged adults. Material and Methods: The study involved 43 people, comprising 31 females and 12 males. The research included evaluations of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), pulmonary function tests, and cognitive assessments. VO2max was assessed by the 1-mile Endurance Run/ Walk Test, and pulmonary function evaluations were conducted via a spirometer. Selective attention was measured via the d2 test, whilst inhibitory response was evaluated using a computer-based Go/No-Go test. Results: The TM parameter was not significantly predicted by TM Model 1 (F(4, 38) = 1.324, p = 0.279) or TM Model 2 (F(8, 34) = 1.752, p = 0.122). Similarly, E1 Model 1 did not show statistical significance in predicting the E1 parameter. Analysis of the inhibitory parameters GCR and NGRC also revealed no significant associations, as indicated by GCR Model 1 (F(4, 38) = 0.389, p = 0.815), GCR Model 2 (F(8, 34) = 0.333, p = 0.947), NGRC Model 1 (F(4, 38) = 1.917, p = 0.128), and NGRC Model 2 (F(8, 34) = 2.042, p = 0.071). However, a moderate positive correlation was observed between TM and FEV1 (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded from these results that the VO2max test and the outcomes of the pulmonary function tests are not reliable indicators of cognitive abilities in middle-aged, healthy persons. Nonetheless, FEV1 may function as a marker of selective attention. Additional research involving a larger sample size is needed to better understand the relationship between maximal aerobic capacity, pulmonary function tests, and cognitive performanceThis research received no external funding
Determination of some environmental factors on milk yield traits and milk components in Simmental cows
No full textThe aim of the study was to determine the effects of various environmental factors on milk yield and milk components in Simmental cows. In the present study, 33,813 milk yield records from 1631 cows and milk samples from 233 cows were used for milk component analysis. Lactation milk yield (LMY) and 305 -day yield (305-DMY) were the milk yield characteristics studied. Environmental factors considered for milk yield characteristics included province, calving year, calving month, parity, age, and lactation length. Milk components analyzed were fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), lactose percentage (LP), somatic cell count (Log(10)SCC), and dry matter (DM). Environmental factors considered for milk components were province, birth year, control month, calving month, and parity. The results indicated that all environmental factors significantly influenced milk yield characteristics (p < 0.01). Specifically, province and birth year significantly affected FP and Log(10)SCC (p < 0.01), whereas calving month, control month, and parity did not significantly affect FP. Province, birth year, and control month significantly influenced PP and DM (p < 0.01), while calving month and parity did not significantly affect PP. Province was the only significant factor for LP (p < 0.01). Considering all data, the averages of traits were as follows: LMY (5628.1 +/- 12.80 kg), 305-DMY (5309.2 +/- 11.80 kg), total dry matter yield (TDMY) (22.58 +/- 0.51 kg), DM (12.43 +/- 0.08%), Log10SCC (2.29 +/- 0.04, equivalent to 226239 cells/mL), FP (3.78 +/- 0.06%), PP (3.57 +/- 0.02%), and LP (4.72 +/- 0.01%)
The Effect of Grass Juices on The Agricultural Properties of Legumes Grown in Different Root Media
No full textThe consumption of grass juices obtained from cereals for health purposes is increasing day by day. For this purpose, research on different plant solutions has gained momentum. In our study, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) grass juices grown in hydroponic conditions were used. Obtained grass juices were applied to pea and lupine seeds in 100% soil (control), 100% pumice, 100% perlite, 100% tea waste and 100% cocopeat substrate. Germination percentage, germination rate, average daily germination, peak value, germination value, root dry and fresh weight, stem dry and fresh weight, root and stem length, plant yield, grass yield, plant yield seed rate, macro and micro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) mineral substance contents were investigated pea and lupine. Grass juices were obtained by mowing barley and oat seeds sown in 30 × 50 × 7 cm plastic tubs in ten days and passing them through a juicer. Pea and lupine 25 seeds, which were placed in each pot, were grown in different root media (100% soil, 100% cocopeat, 100% pumice, 100% perlite, and 100% tea waste) under in vitro conditions. 150 ml of water (control), barley grass juice, oat grass juice and barley + oat grass juice were applied to the seeds according to their subjects. The experiment was carried out in 400 pots with 10 replications x 2 species x 4 treatments x 5 media, according to the factorial fully randomised design. As a result of the research, germination physiology (germination percentage, germination rate, average daily germination, peak value and germination value), mineral substance content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn), growth and yield parameters at (root dry and wet weight, stem dry and wet weight, root and stem length, plant yield, grass yield, plant yield seed rate) barley grass juice application was found to be more effective than other applications after control. In all parameters examined in the research, it was determined that the five different medias used as growing media followed the order of soil>cocopeat>pumice>perlite>tea waste, and after the control and the best growing medium was cocopeat
Biogenic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Leaves and Cones Concentrate of Cupressus Arizonica and Assessment of Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Efficiency
No full textAmong the metal oxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide (ZnO) has recently been cited as the new material of the future due to its unique properties and wide application areas. In this study, we offer a simple technique for the production of extremely stable ZnO nanoparticles (CA-ZnO NPs) using the aqueous and ethyl alcohol (1/1, v/v) extract of Cupressus arizonica (CA, Blue cypress) leaves and cones and zinc acetate (Zn-Ac) salt. The structure of the produced CA-ZnO NPs was elucidated and nanoparticles were used as a photocatalyst for the removal of textile dyestuffs. The particle sizes of CA-ZnO NPs calcined at different temperatures (60 degrees C, 150 degrees C, and 400 degrees C) increased from 20 nm to 50 nm. Produced CA-ZnO NPs were used to investigate photocatalytic Blue (BB3) and Basic Red 46 (BR46) in aqueous solution under UV- light and daylight irradiation. After stirring dye solutions containing CA-ZnO NP for one hour in darkness and 7 hours under UV- light, decolorization rates varied from 53% to 100%. Decolorization of the dyestuff molecules follows the pseudo first-order kinetics. Produced CA-ZnO NPs showed antibacterial efficiency against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. CA-ZnO NPs formed zones ranging from 10 mm to 11 mm against gram+ and gram- bacteria. Green production of ZnO NPs utilizing Cupressus arizonica plant extract can replace chemical methods, and the resulting CA-ZnO NPs can be used in industries like water purification. This eco-friendly biogenic synthesis method is a new, inexpensive and useful technique suitable for large scale
KALB SANATI EKSENİNDE NÂBÎ’NİN BOZUNTUSUDUR REDİFLİ GAZELLERİNE YAZILAN NAZİRELER
No full text17. yüzyılda hikemi tarzın temsilcisi Nâbî’nin (ö. 1712) Divan’ında “bozundısıdur” redifli iki gazel yer almaktadır. İlki 9, ikincisi 10 beyitlik bu gazellerin bütün beyitlerinde kalb sanatına başvurulması bu şiirleri özel hâle getirmiştir. Nâbî ilk gazelinin her mısraında kalb sanatına başvururken ikinci gazelinin matla beytinin iki mısraında bu sanata başvurmuş, takip eden beyitlerin sadece ikinci mısralarında kalb yapmıştır. Tespitlerimize göre bu redifle yazılan ilk şiir Nâbî’ye aittir. Yine tespitlerimize göre Nâbî’den sonra ona nazire olarak bu redif 6 şair tarafından kullanılmıştır. Nazire yazan şairler de Nâbî’nin ikinci gazelinde kullandığı yöntemi benimsemiş ve şiirlerinin matla beyitlerinin her iki mısraında ve takip eden beyitlerin ikinci mısralarında kalb sanatına başvurmuşlardır. Bunlar Halebli Edîb (ö. 1748?), Hâzık Mehmed (ö. 1763), Dâniş (ö. 1775), Sermed (ö. 1787), Diyarbakırlı Azmî (ö. 1831) ve Nâfi’dir (ö. 1849/50). Bunlar arasında Dâniş üç naziresiyle dikkat çeker. Böylece Nâbî’ye nazire olduğu değerlendirilen şiir sayısı 8 olmaktadır. Bu şiirlerin hepsinde Nâbî’nin şiirinde kullanılan “mefâ‘ilün fe‘ilâtün mefâ‘ilün fe‘ilün” kalıbı tercih edilmiştir. Nâbî ile redif ortaklığı taşıyan bu şiirlerde Dâniş dışındaki diğer şairler kafiyede kalb sanatının imkânları çerçevesinde farklı kafiyelere yönelmiştir. Nâbî şiirinde kalb sanatı için tercih ettiği “bozuntu” kelimesini farklı anlamlara gelebilecek şekilde eleştirel bir anlam yükleyerek çok anlamlılık bağlamında kullanmış, onu takip eden şairler de benzer bir yol izlemiştir. Bu çalışmada zemin (model) şiir olarak değerlendirdiğimiz Nâbî’nin iki gazeli ve Nâbî’ye nazire olarak yazıldığı tespit edilen 6 şaire ait 8 şiir kronolojik olarak verilmiş ve kalb sanatı ekseninde kısa değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır
An investigation on the estimation of the impact factors of pandemic deaths with artificial neural network and multiple regression algorithms: Covid-19 case
No full textThis article aims to successfully estimate the number of deaths in a pandemic, with the appropriate implementation of two new modelling approaches, artificial neural network and multiple regression analysis. Then, these methods have been used comparatively to predict death cases for the future course of the COVID-19 outbreak. These approaches proposed for estimation appear to result in few errors and perform well in providing information on the course of deaths in the epidemic. The agreement between the predicted results by these methods, and the actual data proves the superiority of the proposed ones in forecasting accuracy in future cases. This is expected to provide significant benefits in increasing the effectiveness of health policies to be implemented within the scope of the measures to be taken for the future of this and similar epidemics. As this investigation reveals that the current modelling methods have undeniable advantages in predicting epidemic trends, using our models is believed to provide an accurate estimate of death rates and guide policymakers in formulating research, health, socio-economic and fiscal policies. All these findings can be widely regarded as significant milestones and essential guides for researchers examining potential future epidemic tendencies. In addition, although this epidemic is quite complex and varies from country-to-country and various factors, the proposed approaches offer a great opportunity to model the outbreak in other epidemics as well as in other countries