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A comprehensive analysis of the effects of DGAT1 K232A polymorphism on milk production and fertility traits in Holstein Friesian and Jersey cows reared in Turkiye
No full textResearch on the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A marker in cattle shows inconsistent results across regions, largely due to small sample sizes, limited genetic variation, and data restricted to few lactations, which complicates establishing a reliable genotype-phenotype correlation. This research aimed to determine the effect of the K232A polymorphism of the bovine DGAT1 gene on milk production and quality traits in dairy cattle. We used 1104 cattle, including 828 Holstein Friesian and 276 Jersey cows. The analysis utilized extensive data from six lactations of cows raised on four commercial dairy farms. We genotyped the population using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique and Sanger sequencing for verification. We then evaluated the 305 d and test-day milk yields as well as fat and protein yields and percentages. The number of inseminations per conception and calving ease were also assessed as reproduction indices. Genotype-phenotype associations were quantified using linear mixed models. The AA genotype was absent in Jersey cows, and the heterozygous genotype was predominant in both breeds. The K232A marker was significantly associated with test-day milk yield, fat, and protein content in Jersey cows. Further, it substantially affected the fat percentage of milk in Holstein Friesian cows (p<0.001). We found that the KK genotype is highly desirable for milk quality and especially fat content. This comprehensive assessment demonstrated that the KK genotype of the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism significantly influenced fat and protein contents in dairy cattle.Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara stimath;rma Kurumu [110O821]This research has been supported by the Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara st & imath;rma Kurumu (grant no. 110O821)
Su İçin Doğa Temelli Çözümler: Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi için Sürdürülebilir Yağmur Suyu Uygulamaları ve Potansiyel Kazanımlar
Get PDFAs the impacts of climate change become more pronounced and urbanization accelerates, stormwater management has become a critical issue for urban areas. This study investigates sustainable stormwater management practices and nature-based solutions implemented at the Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Değirmenaltı Campus. Nature-based solutions provide innovative and sustainable approaches to water resource conservation, effectively addressing the demands of urban environments. The primary objective of this study is to assess the applicability of sustainable water management strategies on the campus. The research was conducted in three phases: literature review, data collection, and analysis. The stormwater harvesting potential of the campus was assessed, and strategies such as green roofs, rain gardens, and rainwater harvesting were proposed to redirect surface runoff to groundwater resources. The findings indicate three key aspects: first, the calculation of surface runoff volume underscores the critical importance of effective stormwater management. Second, rooftop areas have the potential to contribute to 18.56% of the campus’s annual water savings. Finally, nature-based solutions can play a significant role in protecting groundwater resources while enhancing urban resilience. In conclusion, this study aims to advance water conservation, expand green spaces, and establish resilient infrastructure. The proposed solutions offer a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable model that can enhance stormwater management in urban areas while preserving ecological balance and providing significant aesthetic and functional benefits.İklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin belirginleşmesi ve kentleşmenin hızlanması, yağmur suyu yönetimini kentsel alanlar için kritik hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Değirmenaltı Yerleşkesi'nde sürdürülebilir yağmur suyu yönetimi ve doğa temelli çözümler incelenmiştir. Doğa temelli çözümler, su kaynaklarının korunmasında yenilikçi ve sürdürülebilir yaklaşımlar sunarak kentsel çevrelerin ihtiyaçlarına yanıt vermektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, yerleşkede sürdürülebilir su yönetimi stratejilerinin uygulanabilirliğini değerlendirmektir. Araştırma; literatür taraması, veri toplama ve analiz olmak üzere üç aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yerleşkedeki yağmur suyu hasadı potansiyeli değerlendirilmiş ve yüzey akışın yeraltı su kaynaklarına yönlendirilmesi için çatı bahçeleri, yağmur bahçeleri ve yağmur suyu hasadı yöntemleri önerilmiştir. Bulgular, yüzey akış miktarının hesaplanarak yağmur suyu yönetiminin önemini ortaya koyduğunu, çatı alanlarının %18,56 oranında su tasarrufu sağlayabileceğini ve doğa temelli çözümlerle yeraltı su kaynaklarının korunup kentsel dirençliliğin artırılabileceğini göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, hem su tasarrufu sağlamayı hem de yeşil alanları genişletmeyi ve dirençli bir altyapı oluşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Önerilen çözümler, düşük maliyetli, çevre dostu ve sürdürülebilir bir model sunarak, kentsel alanlarda su yönetimini iyileştirme ve ekolojik dengeyi koruma potansiyeli taşımaktadır
Optimizing Wind Energy Technology Selection Under Uncertain and Incomplete Information Using Fuzzy Best Worst Method and Fuzzy Information Axiom
No full textTechnology has a pivotal role in wind energy production, encompassing turbine design, control systems, and grid integration solutions. However, selecting the optimal technology investment presents a multifaceted challenge due to rapid industry evolution. Site-specific considerations, economic viability, reliability, durability, and integration with existing infrastructure all weigh heavily in the decision-making process. Environmental and societal impacts are rigorously supposed to be assessed for responsible energy production. A comprehensive approach, including a thorough evaluation of vendor and supplier capabilities, is deemed indispensable. To address these complexities, this study introduces an innovative approach to optimize wind turbine selection within established locations. The proposed methodology integrates the Fuzzy Best Worst Method (FBWM) and the Information Axiom, chosen for their adaptability in handling subjective expert responses. This combination aligns seamlessly with the nuanced nature of wind turbine technology assessment. The study offers a comprehensive review of relevant multi-criteria decision-making techniques, elaborates on the FBWM and Fuzzy Infor mation Axiom (FIA) approach, and presents apractical application. In the study, operational cost, maintenance cost, and power curve emerge as pivotal criteria. Ultimately, the study provides a robust framework for making informed and impactful technology investments in wind energy production
Groundwater potential and domestic water use quality inÇerkezköy district
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışmada yeraltı sularının oluşum şekilleri, hangi alanlarda kullanıldığı ve sonuçlarının nasıl olduğu, yeraltı sularının fiziksel özelliklerinin neler olduğu, bu fiziksel özelliklerin insanlar ve canlı ortama etkisi, yeraltı sularının kimyasal özellikleri ve bu özelliklerin insan ve canlı yaşamına etkisi, yeraltı sularının hangi koşularda kirlenme olasılığı olduğu ve bunun canlı yaşamına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yeraltı suları, doğal kaynaklar arasında en büyük tatlı su kaynağıdır ve insanlar tarafından bir sürü alanda yaygın bir şekilde kullanılır. Yeraltı suyu, dünya nüfusunun çoğunluğu için birincil su kaynağı olarak kabul edilir. Bu araştırmalarında amacı yeraltı suyu öncesinde yapılacak çalışmalar için bilgilendirme niteliği taşımaktadır. Ek olarak bu çalışma farklı bölümlerinde verilen derinlemesine bilgiler, disiplinler arası araştırmaları kapsamaktadır. Bu proje, Tekirdağ Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi'nin kontrolündeki Çerkezköy içme suyu kuyularını kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmiştir. Jeolojik yapı, yeraltı suyu seviyeleri ve kimyasal analizler incelenmiş; kuyuların bugünkü ve gelecek 20 yıllık su ihtiyacı analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, yeraltı su seviyelerinin sürekli düştüğünü, bazı kuyularda kirlenme belirtileri olduğunu ve mevcut su kaynaklarının uzun vadede yetersiz kalacağını göstermektedir. Bu durum, enerji tüketimi ve yeni su kaynakları yaratma gerekliliği açısından önemli ekonomik ve çevresel sonuçlar doğuracaktır.In this study, the formation forms of groundwater, in which areas it is used and how its results are, what are the physical properties of groundwater, the effects of these physical properties on people and the living environment, the chemical properties of groundwater and the effects of these properties on human and living life, the possibility of contamination of groundwater in what conditions. And its effect on living life were investigated. Groundwater is the largest source of fresh water among natural resources and is widely used by humans in many areas. Groundwater is considered the primary source of water for the majority of the world's population. The purpose of these researches is to inform the studies to be carried out before groundwater. In addition, in-depth information given in different parts of this study includes interdisciplinary research. This project provides a comprehensive evaluation of the Çerkezköy drinking water well sunder the control of the Tekirdağ Water and Sewerage Administration. Geological structure, groundwater levels, and chemical analyses were examined, analyzing the current and future 20-year water needs of the wells. Findings indicate that groundwater levels are continuously declining, some wells show signs of contamination, and the current water resources will be insufficient in the longterm. This situation will have significant economic and environmental implications in terms of increased energy consumption and the necessity to createnew water sources
Optimization of Factors Affecting the Performance of a Fluidized Bed Dryer
No full textThis study investigated the theoretical, analytical, and experimental effects of parameters such as bed height, air velocity, and air temperature on drying using a fluidized bed dryer. The objective was to examine how these parameters influence the drying process of salt products in a pilot fluidized bed dryer and establish the foundation for the development of a future full-scale machine. Salt products with an initial moisture content of 3% were used in all experimental trials. The pressure drop was determined by calculating the minimum fluidization rate, Archimedes and Reynolds number. The calculated values were compared with the analyses conducted using the Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFIX) program and the tests performed on the pilot-scale static fluidized bed dryer equipment to verify the accuracy. Upon comparing the parameters in fluidized bed drying, it was concluded that the increase in air velocity had a more significant impact on the pressure drop than what was predicted in the theoretical calculations. Nevertheless, it was noted that the analysis was significantly impacted by the height of the bed
İki Farklı El Tipi Taşınabilir Otorefraktometre ile Pediatrik Yaş Grubunda Yapılan Sikloplejili ve Sikloplejisiz Refraksiyon Ölçümlerinin Karşılaştırılması: Kesitsel, Gözlemsel Araştırma
No full textAmaç: Klinik pratikte kullan ılan iki el tipi ta şınabilir otorefraktometre [Nidek HandyRef-K, Nidek, Tokyo, Japonya (HRK); Welch Allyn Spot Vision Screener, NewYork, ABD (WA)] ile pediatrik hasta grubunda elde edilen refrak- tif sonuçların karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Göz polikliniğine başvuran 1-10 yaş arasındaki çocuk hastalar, bu kesitsel gözlemsel çalışma kapsa- mına alındı. Yüz elli sekiz hastan ın 158 gözünün refraksiyon de ğeri önce HRK sonra WA otorefraktometreleri ile sikloplejisiz olarak ölçüldü. Sikloplejili olarak her iki cihazla ölçümler tekrarland ı. Sferik de ğer (diyoptri (D)), silendirik de ğer (D), silendirik aks ve sferik eş değer (sferik değer D + [silendirik değer/2]) sonuç- ları kaydedildi. Bulgular: HRK cihazı ile elde edilen değerlerin WA cihazı ile elde edilenlere göre anlaml ı olarak daha az hipermetropik oldu ğu (p<0,001) görüldü. Sikloplejisiz ölçümlerle elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde iki cihaz arasında; sferik ve silendirik de ğerlerde anlamlı (sırasıyla p de ğerleri; p<0,001, p<0,001) güçlü korelasyon [sırasıyla; r=0,924 (0,896-0,944) ve r=0,921 (0,891-0,942)]; aks ölçümlerinde anlamlı (p<0,001) korelasyon [r=0,524 (0,349-0,652)]; sferik eş değer ölçümlerinde ise anlamlı (p<0,001) güçlü korelasyon [r=0,923 (0,895-0,944)] göz- lendi. Sikloplejili ölçümlerle elde edilen veriler de ğerlendirildiğinde 2 cihaz ara- sında; sferik ve silendirik de ğerlerde anlaml ı (sırasıyla p de ğerleri; p<0,001, p<0,001) [sırasıyla; r=0,976 (0,968-0,983) ve r=0,889 (0,849-0,919)] güçlü kore- lasyon; aks ölçümlerinde anlaml ı (p<0,001) [r=0,524 (0,349-0,652)] korelasyon; sferik eş değer ölçümlerinde ise anlamlı (p<0,001) [r=0,976 (0,968-0,983)] güçlü korelasyon izlendi. Her iki cihazla elde edilen sferik değer, silendirik değer ve sfe- rik eş değer için yapılan Bland-Altman analizinde ölçümler arasındaki farklılıkla- rın tüm ölçümlerde ±2SD aras ında olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Kırma kusurlarının erken tanısında bu çalışmada değerlendirilen iki cihazın birbiriyle güçlü korelasyon gösterdiği ve bu iki cihazla elde edilen sonuçların uyumlu olduğu görüldü
Defining of Some Morphological Characteristics in order to Determine the Infrastructure of Conservation Strategies of Indigenous Cattle for Designing Sustainable Methods and Conservation of Biodiversity: Eastern Anatolian Red Example Reared Under Ex-Situ Conditions in Türkiye
No full textThis study was designed to protect indigenous animal breeds as an infrastructure for the continuation of biodiversity and to be a link in the production chain. For this purpose, the interaction of the information on Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) breed, which were evaluated or protected according to different methods, and some morphological characters of animals reared under ex-situ conditions, with the sources of variation were evaluated. It were used materials preserved according to different methods and 207 head calves obtained during four years in the study. The materials that consisted of 350 head ex-situ, 200 head in-situ, 50 piece in-vitro was conserved in original environment. The weights and measurements of calves were recorded at birth and weaning. Difference of CV was the highest that was seen between males and females in 2022 (%9.24, %19.23 respectively) in birth. It was observed a certain level of difference for CV for BL, WH, CD, CW, CG, RH and FWG both between sexes and between years in weaning, but these differences were not as large as at birth. BW, WH, CW, CG, RH and FWG differed between sexes in birth period (p< 0.05). In the same period, all body measurements were different between years (p< 0.01). In weaning period, difference of CV for WW was the highest that was seen by sex in 2019 (%9.64, %15.47 female, male, respectively). In the same period, it was close CV values of body measurements determined by both sexes and years. There was an interaction between sexes and WW, CW, FWG (p< 0.05), years and all body measurements (p< 0.01) in the weaning period. The increase in studies on EAR breed could result in a modulation of sustainable of animal biodiversity potentially impacting livestock control and efficiency
The Effect of Different Harvest Times on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Some Microgreens
No full textMicrogreens, which have only become popular during the last decades, are rich in phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds, which act as antioxidants. The study aimed to examine the effects of two different harvest times (cotyledon [embryonic leaves] and 1.5-true leaf stage) of five microgreens on the bioactive compounds in terms of antioxidant capacity and total phenolics. The total phenolic components ranged from 60.9 to 2153.2 mg GAE g-1 in cotyledon leaves, whereas the value varied from 96.2 to 2113.9 mg GAE g-1 in the true leaves of microgreens. Increases in the phenolic content of the first true leaves in dill and chia were detected as 57.8% and 29.6% compared to the cotyledon leaf. Among the cotyledon microgreens, the maximum phenolic content was detected in the garden cress. The antioxidant capacity of the cotyledon and true leaf stages ranged between 485.4±2.3-1985.67±24.9 ?g g-1 and 508.87±5.3-2393.56±12.6 ?g g-1, respectively. The maximum antioxidant capacity was detected in radish, followed by garden cress. The biggest variation between the cotyledon and first true leaves in the study was observed for red beetroot. This study revealed the alteration in the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of five cultivars based on growth stages of cotyledonary and true leaves in microgreen form
Amasya Üniversitesi Hâkimiyet Kampüsü’nün Düzenleyici Ekosistem Hizmetlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Get PDFBackground: Population growth, increasing vehicle numbers, unplanned urbanization and rural-urban migration are reducing green spaces and exacerbating environmental problems such as air, water and noise pollution. In this context, university campuses serve as important small-scale urban models that play a crucial role in maintaining environmental and social well-being within urban ecosystems. Objectives: To evaluate the regulating ecosystem services provided by the tree canopy at Amasya University Hâkimiyet Campus (AUHC), such as air quality, energy savings, and carbon storage. Method: In this study, the land cover and ecosystem services of the AUHC were assessed using the i-Tree Canopy model. Six land cover classes defined for the study area (tree/shrub, grass/herbaceous vegetation, soil/bare ground, impervious buildings, impervious roads, other impervious surfaces) were assessed using 4000 random points and ecosystem services such as air quality were calculated. Results: The tree and shrub canopy covering 31.30% of the AUHC removes 261.53 kg of gaseous and particulate pollutants from the air annually, sequesters 36.57 tons of carbon, and stores a total of 918.42 tons of carbon. The economic value of these ecosystem services was calculated as 44420 for carbon storage. The land cover distribution of the campus shows that 57.35% consists of impervious surfaces (buildings, roads) and 42.05% is green space. Conclusion: The tree canopy at the AUHC makes a significant contribution to ecosystem services such as improved air quality, carbon sequestration and storage, and these contributions and economic benefits could be further enhanced by increasing tree cover.Arka Plan: Nüfus artışı, artan araç sayısı, plansız kentleşme ve kırsaldan kente göç, yeşil alanları azaltmakta ve hava, su ve gürültü kirliliği gibi çevresel sorunları artırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, üniversite kampüsleri, kentsel ekosistemlerin çevresel ve sosyal refahını sürdürmede önemli bir rol oynayan küçük ölçekli kentsel modeller olarak hizmet etmektedir. Amaç: Amasya Üniversitesi Hâkimiyet Kampüsü'ndeki (AÜHK) ağaç örtüsünün sağladığı düzenleyici ekosistem hizmetlerini (hava kalitesi, enerji tasarrufu ve karbon depolama gibi) değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, AÜHK’ndeki arazi örtüsü ve ekosistem hizmetleri, i-Tree Canopy modeli kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Çalışma alanı için tanımlanan altı arazi örtüsü sınıfı (ağaç/çalı, çim/otsu bitki örtüsü, toprak/bitkisiz alan, geçirimsiz yapılar, geçirimsiz yollar, diğer geçirimsiz yüzeyler) 4000 rastgele nokta üzerinden değerlendirildi ve hava kalitesi gibi ekosistem hizmetleri hesaplandı. Bulgular: AÜHK'nün %31,30’unu kaplayan ağaç ve çalı örtüsü, yıllık olarak havadan 261,53 kg gaz ve partikül kirleticiyi temizlemekte, 36,57 ton karbonu tutmakta ve toplamda 918,42 ton karbon depolamaktadır. Bu ekosistem hizmetlerinin ekonomik değeri, hava kirliliğini temizleme için 758 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kampüsün arazi örtüsü dağılımı, %57,35'inin geçirimsiz yüzeyler (binalar, yollar) ve %42,05'inin yeşil alanlar olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç: AÜHK’ndeki ağaç örtüsünün hava kalitesini iyileştirme, karbon yakalama ve depolama gibi ekosistem hizmetleri açısından önemli katkılar sağladığını, ancak ağaç örtüsünün artırılmasıyla bu katkıların ve ekonomik faydaların daha da artabileceğini göstermektedir
Various optimized artificial neural network simulations of advection-diffusion processes
No full textThe aim of this research is to describe an artificial neural network (ANN) based method to approximate the solutions of the natural advection-diffusion equations. Although the solutions of these equations can be obtained by various effective numerical methods, feed forward neural network (FFNN) techniques combined with different optimization techniques offer a more practicable and flexible alternative than the traditional approaches to solve those equations. However, the ability of FFNN techniques to solve partial differential equations is a questionable issue and has not yet been fully concluded in the existing literature. The reliability and accuracy of computational results can be advanced by the choice of optimization techniques. Therefore, this study aims to take an effective step towards presenting the ability to solve the advection-diffusion equations by leveraging the inherent benefits of ANN methods while avoiding some of the limitations of traditional approaches. In this technique, the solution process requires minimizing the error generated by using a differential equation whose solution is considered as a trial solution. More specifically, this study uses a FFNN and backpropagation technique, one of the variants of the ANN method, to minimize the error and the adjustment of parameters. In the solution process, the loss function (error) needs to be minimized; this is accomplished by fitting the trial function into the differential equation using appropriate optimization techniques and obtaining the network output. Therefore, in this study, the commonly used techniques in the literature, namely gradient descent (GD), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC), are selected to compare the effectiveness of gradient and gradient-free optimization techniques in solving the advection-diffusion equation. The calculations with all three optimization techniques for linear and nonlinear advection-diffusion equations have been run several times to obtain the optimum accuracy of the results. The computed results are seen to be very promising and in good agreement with the effective numerical methods and the physics-informed neural network (PINN) method in the literature. It is also concluded that the PSO-based algorithm outperforms other methods in terms of accuracy