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Environmentally Driven Intelligent Textiles That Reversibly Actuate to Provide Large Change in Porosity, Loft, Shape, or Their Combination
No full textTextiles that intelligently respond to changes in the environment by reversibly providing dramatic changes in structure for comfort, safety, or appearance are widely sought. In order to facilitate applications development, here novel intelligent textile structures are described and developed by using polymer artificial muscles and examples of structures and mechanisms are provided that can be used in the future. These actuating textiles, which deploy a host of muscle yarn and fiber types, can change their porosity with or without any change in fabric lateral dimension or can change their loft or can either bend or fold upon temperature change. The presented intelligent textiles provide a porosity increase up to 38.3% from room temperature to 40 degrees C, while they exhibit a decrease in porosity up to 26.1% from room temperature to -5 degrees C. Textiles that can bend at an angle of 60 degrees at 40 degrees C, while exhibiting a complete roll-up at 70 degrees C, are also presented. An important way to change the direction of actuation produced by environmental exposure is to transition from homochiral fibers to heterochiral fibers. Other more complicated yarn types can usefully deploy chirality effects, such as yarns that are twisted and coiled, or yarns that are twisted, coiled, and then plied. Novel intelligent textile structures responding to changes in the environment are developed by using polymer artificial muscles and examples of structures and mechanisms that can be used in the future are presented. These actuating textiles can change their porosity with or without any change in fabric lateral dimension or can change their loft or can either bend or fold upon temperature change. imageOffice of Naval Research [N00014-23-1-2183]; ONR [FA9550-21- 0455]; AFOSR [AT-0029]; Robert A. Welch FoundationThis work was supported by the ONR grant N00014-23-1-2183, AFOSR grant FA9550-21- 0455, and the Robert A. Welch Foundation grant AT-0029
ALÎ NAZÎF’İN MİFTÂHU’L-BEDÂYİ’DEN TERCÜME VE TELİF YOLUYLA ÜRETTİĞİ BELÂGATE DAİR ESERLER
No full textFars edebiyatında edebî sanatlar ve bazı şiir terimlerini ele alan eser yazma geleneği Râdûyânî (öl. 507/1114’ten sonra)’nin Tercümânü’l-Belâga’sı ile başlayıp Reşîdüddîn Vatvât (öl. 573/1177)’ın Hadâiku’s-Sihr fî Dekâiki’ş-Şi‘r adlı eseri ile önemli bir merhaleye ulaşmıştır. Vatvât’ın eseri konuyla ilgili kendisinden sonra yazılan eserlerin temel başvuru kaynakları arasında yerini almıştır. Vahîd-i Tebrîzî’nin Miftâhu’l-Bedâyi isimli eseri de Vatvât’ın eserinin tesiriyle edebî sanatlar ve bazı şiir terimleri üzerine kaleme alınan eserlerdendir. Bu eser, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı ile 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında yaşamış müelliflerden Alî Nazîf tarafından Tercüme-i Miftâhu’l-Bedâyi adıyla 1300/1882-83 yılında Türkçeye tercüme edilmiştir. Alî Nazîf, altı sene sonra bu tercümesini esas alarak Zînetü’l-Kelâm adlı eserini yazmıştır. Zînetü’l-Kelâm’da daha önce yazdığı tercümesine bazı eklemelerde bulunmuş ve tercümenin bazı kısımlarını eksiltmiştir. Her iki eser detaylı olarak analiz edildiğinde Zînetü’l-Kelâm’ın müstakil bir telif olmaktan ziyade daha önce yazılan tercümeden üretilen bir telif olduğu görülmektedir. Osmanlı telif geleneğinde başka dilden bir eserin Türkçeye aktarılması esnasında kaynak metne ilaveler yapma ve kaynak metinden eksiltme veya özetlemelerde bulunma geleneği çokça başvurulan bir usuldür. Söz konusu eserlerin tercüme addedilmesi yeterli olmadığından araştırmacılar tarafından bu eserleri ifade etmek için telif-tercüme terimi önerilmiştir. Alî Nazîf’in Zînetü’l-Kelâm’ı da telif-tercüme görünümüne sahip bir eserdir. Ancak bu eser, doğrudan kaynak bir metin yerine müellifin daha önce Miftâhu’l-Bedâyi üzerine yazdığı tercümesinden üretilmesi yönüyle tercümeden telif mahiyetindedir. Temelde bu hususları ele alan çalışmamız, iki bölümden müteşekkildir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde yaşadığı yüzyıl ve vefat tarihi konusunda kaynaklarda birbirinden farklı tarihler öne sürülen Vahîd-i Tebrîzî’nin yaşadığı zaman dilimi çeşitli karinelerden hareketle tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ve eserleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Yine bu bölümde Alî Nazîf’in de hayatı ve eserlerine de kısaca değinilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise Miftâhu’l-Bedâyi tercümesinde uygulanan yöntem ve bu tercümeden üretilen telif bir eser olması yönüyle Zînetü’l-Kelâm üzerinde durulmuştur
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE LEVELS PERCEIVED BY SPORTS FACILITY EMPLOYEES IN LOCAL AND PRIVATE SECTORS ON JOB SATISFACTION
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to determine the organizational culture perceptions and job satisfaction levels of sports facility employees in different sectors, to compare them in terms of demographic variables and to determine the relationship between them. 303 people working in private sports enterprises and sports facilities belonging to local governments on the Anatolian side of Istanbul participated in the study, which was a relational screening model. As data collection tools, the Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Spector (1985) and adapted into Turkish by Meydan and Basım (2010) and the Organizational Culture Scale developed by Ogbonna & Haris (2000) and adapted into Turkish by Karadeniz (2010) were used. Frequency and percentage distributions, t-test for paired groups, OneWay-ANOVA analyzes for multiple groups and Pearson Correlation analysis were used as statistical methods in evaluating the research data. In cases where the variances were not homogeneous, the Kruskal Wallis test was calculated. As a result, it was determined that the competitive and innovative culture sub-dimensions, in which the participants had a high level of organizational culture perception, were more evident. It was determined that job satisfaction levels were at medium level. As a result of the correlation analysis, a moderate positive relationship was found between organizational culture and job satisfaction. The highest relationship between job satisfaction and organizational culture sub-dimensions is in the competitive culture sub-dimension. When the findings obtained from the research were examined in terms of demographic variables, the organizational culture of the participants who were married, were in a managerial position, had low years of service, worked in the local sector, and had 3 workplaces was found to be high. According to the scores obtained on the job satisfaction scale, it is seen that the participants who are married, in a managerial position and in their local sector are higher
Enhancing Wheat Crop Resilience to Drought Stress through Cellulolytic Microbe-Enriched Cow Dung Vermicompost
No full textBackground: Wheat, an important cereal crop, is commonly cultivated in arid and semiarid areas, and therefore, it often experiences water deficit conditions. The consequences of induced stress on wheat can be mitigated through vermicompost amendments. To address drought stress on wheat seedlings, a pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house in which two contrasting wheat cultivars, Faisalabad-08 (drought-tolerant) and Galaxy-13 (drought-sensitive), were exposed to three water level conditions: well-watered [D0, 70% of field capacity (FC)], moderate drought (D1, 45% FC), and severe drought (D2, 30% FC). Four rates of vermicompost, derived from cow dung enriched with cellulolytic microbes, were applied (VT0, control; VT1, 4 t ha(-1); VT2, 6 t ha(-1); and VT3, 8 t ha(-1)) to the experiment. Data on various physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic antioxidants were recorded. Results: Our results demonstrated that the drought treatments significantly reduced nutrient accumulation, chlorophyll and SPAD values, and carotenoid content in both cultivars where the maximum reduction was recorded for severe drought stress. Nonetheless, the application of vermicompost significantly improved these traits, and statistically maximum chlorophyll contents, SPAD value, and total carotenoid contents were observed for VT1 in both cultivars under drought treatments. While the lowest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were recorded for untreated replicated pots. Among the cultivars, Faisalabad-08 exhibited greater resistance to drought, as evidenced by higher values of the aforementioned traits compared to Galaxy-13. Soil-applied vermicompost also showed a positive influence on antioxidant enzyme activities in both wheat cultivars grown under well-watered as well as water-scarce conditions. Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that drought conditions substantially decreased the enzymatic antioxidants and physiological and biochemical attributes of the wheat crop. However, soil-applied vermicompost, particularly at an optimum rate, had a positive impact on the wheat seedlings under drought conditions. Moving forward, exploring the potential of utilizing cellulolytic microbe-enriched cow dung vermicompost stands as a promising avenue to mitigate the detrimental effects of water stress on wheat. Further research in this direction could offer substantial insights into enhancing wheat resilience and productivity under water stress conditions.King Saud University [RSPD2023R741]; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaThe results presented in this paper are a part of PhD studies of Ali Ahmad. The authors extend their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2023R741), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Effects of planting density on flower yield, yield components, and certain secondary metabolites of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under thrace conditions
No full textAynısefa (Calendula officinalis L.) içerdiği biyoaktif bileşenler sayesinde birçok farmakolojik üründe kullanılan tıbbi ve aromatik bir bitkidir. Bu çalışma; Trakya koşullarında farklı dikim sıklığının aynısefa bitkisinde çiçek verimi, verim kriterleri ve bazı sekonder metabolitler üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla, 2023 yılında, Tekirdağ ilinde yürütülmüştür. Deneme Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünen Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekrarlı kurulmuştur. Çiçek hasatları haftalık periyotlarda on dört hasat döneminde tamamlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, en yüksek çiçek sayısı (4,64-9,22 adet/bitki), taze çiçek ağırlığı (2,37-5,61 g/bitki) ve kuru çiçek ağırlığı (0,50-1,17 g/bitki) 50x30 cm dikim sıklığında ve 12. hasat zamanında, en düşük değerler ise 30x10 cm dikim sıklığında 1. hasat zamanında, dekara taze (37,43-79,00 kg/da) ve kuru çiçek (7,87-16,73 kg/da) verimleri ise 30x10 cm dikim sıklığında, 12. ve 14. hasat zamanlarında elde edilmiştir. Kuru çiçekte en yüksek uçucu yağ oranı (%0,056 – 0,106) ve verimi (5,93-15,65 ml/da) 40x10 cm dikim sıklığında 12. ve 14. hasat zamanlarında elde edilmiştir. Toplam fenolik bileşen miktarı (21,21 – 22,59 mg/g) en yüksek 30x10 dikim sıklığında elde edilmiş,toplam flavonoid madde (4,26 – 9,17 mg/g), antioksidan aktivite (6,03 – 18,12 mg/ml) ve toplam karotenoid (1,38 – 7,78 ppm) miktarı arasında farklılıklar istatistiki anlamda önemli çıkmış ancak dikim sıklıkları arasında kararlı bir artış ya da azalış görülmemiştir. Bitki uçucu yağında en çok bulunan üç temel bileşenin sırasıyla; alpha-cadinol (%35,2 – 48,83), torreyol (%17,67 – 20,66) ve delta-cadinene (%11,04 – 13,13) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bir yıllık sonuçlara göre Trakya ekolojik koşullarında aynısefada yüksek taze ve kuru çiçek verimi bakımından 30x10 cm dikim sıklığı önerilebilir.Calendula officinalis L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant widely used in pharmacological products due to its bioactive components. This study, conducted in 2023 in Tekirdağ, aimed to assess the effects of different planting densities on flower yield, yield criteria, and secondary metabolites of Calendula officinalis under the ecological conditions of Thrace. The experiment was established with three replications using a Randomized Complete Block Design with Split-Split Plots. Flower harvests were conducted weekly across fourteen harvest periods. The results revealed that the highest flower count (4.64-9.22 flowers/plant), fresh flower weight (2.37-5.61 g/plant), and dry flower weight (0.50-1.17 g/plant) were observed at a planting density of 50x30 cm during the 12th harvest period, while the lowest values were recorded at 30x10 cm during the first harvest. Fresh (37.43-79.00 kg/da) and dry flower yields (7.87-16.73 kg/da) were highest at 30x10 cm during the 12th and 14th harvest periods. The highest volatile oil content (%0.056 – 0.106) and yield (5.93-15.65 ml/da) in dry flowers were obtained at 40x10 cm during the 12th and 14th harvest periods. The total phenolic compound content (21.21 – 22.59 mg/g) was highest at 30x10 cm. Statistical differences were observed in total flavonoid content (4.26 – 9.17 mg/g), antioxidant activity (6.03 – 18.12 mg/ml), and total carotenoid content (1.38 – 7.78 ppm); however, no consistent trend was observed across planting densities. The three most abundant essential oil compounds were identified as alpha-cadinol (%35.2 – 48.83), torreyol (%17.67 – 20.66), and delta-cadinene (%11.04 – 13.13). Based on the one-year results, a planting density of 30x10 cm is recommended for high fresh and dry flower yields in Calendula officinalis under Thrace's ecological conditions
Arkeolojical Activities of France During the Mandate Period and the USA's Excavation Request From Hatay
No full textBirinci Dünya Savaşı öncesi ve sonrasında Mezopotamya toprakları ve Anadolu, zengin arkeolojik kaynakları nedeniyle yabancı arkeologların ilgilendiği bölgelerin başında gelmiştir. Fransa Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Sykes Picot Antlaşmasına dayanarak bölgeye yerleşmiştir. 24 Temmuz 1922’de Suriye, Lübnan’ın bir parçası olarak İskenderun Sancağını (Hatay) manda yönetimi altına almıştır. Fransa’yı hakimiyet kurmaya sevk eden sebepler arasında arkeolojik buluntular da önemli bir yer almaktadır. Bu süreçte eski eserler konusunda araştırmalar yaparak kazı çalışmalarını organize etti. Bölge genelinde kendi çıkarları doğrultusunda kurduğu idarede eski eserler servisi oluşturmuştur. Manda Yasası’nın 14. maddesi Milletler Cemiyetine üye tüm devletlerin vatandaşlarına arkeolojik kazılar ve araştırmalar yapmak konusunda eşit davranılacağını ilan ediyordu. ABD, arkeolojik araştırmaları için bu yeni durumdan faydalanmış, Fransa ile yaptığı anlaşma ile kazı imtiyazı ve kazılarda elde ettikleri tarihi eserlerin bir kısmını yurt dışına çıkarma hakkını elde etmiştir. Fransa’nın 23 Haziran 1939 Antlaşması ile Hatay’ı Türkiye’ye devredecek olması, manda döneminde Chicago Üniversitesi Doğu Enstitüsü ve Princeton Üniversitesi Kazı Komitesi tarafından bölgede çalışmalar yapmakta olan kazı heyetini telaşlandırmıştır. ABD, Fransa ile yapmış olduğu anlaşmaların Hatay’ın Türkiye’ye devredilmesi sonrasında da devam etmesi için girişimlerde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma ABD’nin bölgede kazı imtiyazını devam ettirebilmek amacıyla Fransa ve Türkiye ile gerçekleştirdiği diplomatik faaliyetleri Fransa Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi belgeleri üzerinden araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.Before and after the First World War, Mesopotamian lands and Anatolia were among the regions of interest to foreign archaeologists due to their rich archaeological resources. France settled in the region during the First World War, based on the Sykes Picot Agreement. On July 24, 1922, Syria took the Sanjak of Iskenderun (Hatay) under its mandate as a part of Lebanon. Archaeological findings also have an important place among the reasons that led France to establish dominance. During this period, he conducted research on ancient artifacts and organized excavations. He created an antiquities service throughout the region under the administration he established in line with his own interests. Article 14 of the Mandate Law declared that citizens of all member states of the League of Nations would be treated equally in terms of archaeological excavations and research. The USA took advantage of this new situation for its archaeological research, and with the agreement it made with France, it obtained the excavation privilege and the right to take some of the historical artifacts obtained during the excavations abroad. The fact that France would hand over Hatay to Turkey with the Treaty of June 23, 1939, alarmed the excavation team, which was working in the region by the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago and the Princeton University Excavation Committee during the mandate period. The USA is making attempts to ensure that the agreements it made with France continue after the transfer of Hatay to Turkey. This study aims to investigate the diplomatic activities of the USA with France and Turkey in order to maintain the excavation privilege in the region, through the documents of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archive
Comparison of aerial and ground spraying applications in controlling fusarium crown rot in wheat
No full textFusarium crown rot (FCR) is a chronic disease in many regions of the world in wheat, caused by Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium pseudograminearum, and Fusarium graminearum. The operational efficacy of pesticide applications using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) significantly affects the biological efficacy of the pesticides. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicle and field sprayer applications in controlling crown rot diseases frequently observed in wheat crops in the Thrace region, Turkey. A licensed fungicide containing the active ingredients, prochloraz plus trifloxystrobin plus cyproconazole mixture was applied to wheat during the ZGS 27 growth stage. The disease severity, disease incidence, and the effectiveness of fungicide treatment on disease severity (%) were evaluated for F. culmorum crown rot disease. The results showed that the severity of the disease during the seedling stage was 11.25% and 18.33% for unmanned aerial vehicle and field sprayer applications, respectively. In the harvest stage, the incidence of disease was 28.33%-39.99% and 48.75%-51.25%, respectively, and the effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicle application was found to be high, approximately 52.00%, during the seedling and harvest stages. The unmanned aerial vehicle, acting similarly to the field sprayer, exhibited higher grain quality under conditions of stress from disease. Furthermore, spike weight, grain weight, and number of grains exhibited stronger positive correlations compared to unmanned aerial vehicle treatment. Therefore, unmanned aerial vehicles have promising potential as viable options to manage FCR when the prevailing environmental conditions are not conducive to the use of field sprayer. The results of this research will guide future studies to investigate the efficacy of UAVs on a wider range of pesticides and to further develop the technology to investigate its effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability in agricultural applications
Effect of different fertilizer applications on the yield and quality characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
No full textBu araştırma; 2023 yılında Tekirdağ ili, Süleymanpaşa ilçesi Kılavuzlu köyündeki çiftçi arazisinde yürütülmüştür. Deneme, "Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünmüş Parseller" deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada, 3 farklı gübre çeşidi 4 farklı dozda uygulanarak ayçiçeğinin verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada materyal olarak Pioneer firmasına ait P64LP130 yağlık ayçiçeği çeşidi, gübre olarak ise; Amonyum Sülfat ve Diamonyum Fosfat gübre çeşitlerinin 0, 10, 20 ve 40 kg da-1 dozları ile Amonyum Tiyosülfat gübresinden 0, 2, 4 ve 8 lt/da kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, 20 kg Diamonyum Fosfat (NH4)2HPO4 %18 N-%46 P, uygulama etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Denemede, tohum verimlerinin 172.25-267.00 kg da-1 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. En yüksek tohum ve yağ verimi 267.00 kg da-1 ve 123.65 kg da-1 ile 20 kg da-1 dozunda DAP'a (NH4)2HPO4 %18 N- %46 P aittir.This research was conducted in the farmer's field in Kılavuzlu village of Süleymanpaşa district, Tekirdağ province in 2023. The study was conducted at "randomized complete block with split plot" design with 4 replications. In the study, it was aimed to determine the effects of 3 different fertilizer types at 4 different doses on the yield and quality characteristics of sunflower. In the study, P64LP130 oil sunflower variety of Pioneer company was used as material and 0, 10, 20 and 40 kg da-1 doses of Ammonium Sulphate and Diammonium Phosphate fertilizer types and 0, 2, 4 and 8 lt/da of Ammonium Thiosulphate fertilizer were used as fertilizer. As a result of the research, the effect of 20 kg Diammonium Phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 %18 N - %46 P application was found significant. In the experiment, seed yields varied between 172.25 - 267.00 kg ha-1. The highest seed and oil yields were 267.00 kg da-1 and 123 kg da-1 and DAP at a dose of 20 kg da-1 belongs to (NH4)2HPO4 %18 N - %46 P
AnMePa: development of a new method for preparing trousers pattern by using the antropometric measurement system
No full textPurposeThis study establishes the principles and process steps of a new basic trousers pattern using measurements obtained according to the rules of the anthropometric measurement system. The newly developed pattern-making system in this study will be called the Anthropometric Measurements Based Pattern Making System (AnMePa). It is aimed at producing trousers that are more fitting to the body, thanks to this pattern-making system.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, four pattern-making systems used in many parts of the world were compared with the Anthropometric Measurements Based Pattern Making System (AnMePa) with regard to the overall appearance and body fit of trousers prepared according to these systems. 10 virtual mannequins (VM) with different adult female body measurements were created, and trousers patterns were prepared for these mannequins. The trousers' patterns were made and dressed on the mannequins in a 3D virtual dressing system. The body fit of the virtual garments was evaluated by five experts. The scores given by the experts were evaluated using the fuzzy logic method.FindingsAccording to the results, it is seen that the new basic trousers pattern developed by utilizing the anthropometric measurement system, AnMePa, provides the best body fit among the basic trousers patterns created according to the other examined pattern-making systems. The combination of 3D virtual dressing and fuzzy logic in the evaluation of garment body fit is considered an innovative method for the future of fashion design and production.Originality/valueIn the developed AnMePa, unlike the existing pattern-making systems, values that can be associated with the body measurements of individuals in a way that could be suitable for each community were used instead of constant values in the pattern-making process. Furthermore, the integration of 3D virtual fitting and fuzzy logic in assessing garment fit is considered a pioneering approach with significant implications for the future landscape of fashion design and production
Maliye Bölümü Öğrencilerinin Vergi Kavramına İlişkin Algılarının Metafor Analizi Yolu İle İncelenmesi
No full textDevletin en önemli gelir türü olan vergilerin mükellefler tarafından gönüllü uyum sağlanarak ödenmesi vergi maliyetlerini düşürerek kamu hizmetlerinde etkinlik sağlanması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Mükelleflerin vergiye gönüllü uyumunun sağlanmasında ekonomik ve sosyal pek çok faktör etkili olmaktadır. Ancak vergiye uyuma olan bakışın zaman içerisinde değişmesiyle, bireylerin zihinsel süreçlerini anlayarak buna yönelik politikalar uygulanması önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada bireylerin kavramları nasıl algıladıklarına ilişkin fikir veren metafor analiz yöntemi ile Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Maliye Bölümünde eğitim gören öğrencilere “Vergi…. gibidir. Çünkü ...” şeklinde açık uçlu bir ifade yöneltilmiş ve öğrencilerin vergiye bakış açıları incelenmiştir. Analizde MAXQDA programı kullanılmıştır. Verilen cevaplara göre 128 ifadeden 63 metafor belirlenmiş ve bu metaforlar altı kavramsal kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Metafor sayısının en fazla olduğu kategori “yaşamsal değerler bakımından vergi”; en az olduğu kategori ise “hizmet bakımından vergi” olarak gerçekleşmiştir