International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (IJASRE)
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Exploring a New Approach of the Population Equivalent Concept through a Detailed Characterization of Grey and Black Waters
Get PDFReliable and accurate data from on-site facilities are important for modelling the biochemical processes occurring in wastewatertreatment bioreactors. This study aimed to redefine the concept of population equivalent through a detailed analysis of grey andblack waters. The concept of population enables the determination of the overall pollutant load from various houses connected toa collective treatment plant. Several chemical compounds and physicochemical parameters including lipids, total nitrogen,proteins, carbohydrates, and total chemical oxygen demand (COD), were assessed in grey and black waters samples collected inBelgium and Burundi, and expressed in population equivalent unit. Our results showed that the total COD corresponding to onepopulation equivalent unit in Burundi and Belgium was 117.08±10.09 g COD/capita/day and 138.75±20.09 g COD/capita/day,respectively. The total COD in Belgian experiments was distributed as 34.26% for faeces, 19.01% for waters from kitchen sinks,16.26% for the grey waters from the laundry, and 10.97%, 15.36% and 4.14% for toilet paper, shower soaps and urine,respectively. Results from Burundi samples revealed that laundry detergents, toilet paper and shower soaps were 14.70±0.40g/capita/day, 12.20±0.40 g/capita/day and 5.00±0.30 g/capita/day, respectively. The quantity of the main chemical compounds inboth grey and black waters ranged from 0.37±0.18 to 35.17±6.82 g/capita/day, with average values of 8.33, 10.37, 17.75, 12.27,and 35.17 g/capita/day for lipids, total nitrogen, laundry detergents, proteins and carbohydrates, respectively. Our findings arevaluable information that can be explored for the determination of the "complex substrate biomole" formula, which is useful formodelling the processes involved in wastewater treatmen
A Comparative Study on Estimation of the Earth’s Albedo and Its Variation with other Meteorological Parameters between two Tropical Stations in Nigeria
Get PDFEstimation of albedo is paramount in the evaluation of solar energy collectors, atmospheric radiative transfer and studies that relates to atmospheric thermal balance. This study, employed the shortwave solar energy balancing at the edge of the Earth’satmosphere to estimate and compare the variation of albedo for two locations, Gusau (Latitude 12.170N, Longitude 6.700E andaltitude 463.9 m above sea level) and Calabar (Latitude 4.970N, Longitude 8.350E and altitude 61.9 m above sea level) situatedacross the Sahelian and Coastal climatic zones of Nigeria respectively using measured monthly mean daily meteorologicalparameter of global solar radiation obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) during the periodof twenty two years (July 1983 – June 2005). The variation of albedo with clearness index, relative humidity and mean temperature were investigated. The variation of emitting Earth’s surface temperature and maximum wavelength for each location were also investigated. The results in this study revealed that the estimated surface albedo depicts a direct opposite relationship with the clearness index, an inverse relationship with the emitting Earth’s surface temperature and a direct relationship with the wavelength for the studied locations. The highest and lowest values of albedo simulated for Gusau was in the months of August and February with 0.4933 and 0.3270 respectively, while for Calabar are in the months of August and January with 0.6949 and 0.4218 respectively; the estimated albedo obtained for Calabar in this study are more than that of Gusau throughout the months for the period under investigation suggesting that as the location’s latitude and global solar radiation increases the albedo orreflectance decreases. The variation of clearness index with albedo for Gusau suggests the availability of abundant global solarradiation throughout the months in the region while for Calabar revealed the availability of abundant global solar radiation only in the months of January, February and December. The emitting Earth surface temperature for Gusau ranged between 235.1297 K in August and 252.4133 K in February while for Calabar ranged between 207.1236 K in August and 243.0097 K in January, thesevalues agrees closely to the standard emitting Earth surface temperature value (255.0000 K). The maximum emitting wavelength values for both locations revealed that the radiation is longwave and are found within the infrared region of the electromagneticspectrum. The variation of relative humidity with albedo depicts almost a similar trend for both locations. The results showed thatas albedo increases during the rainy season the mean temperature decrease
Allelopathic effects of Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn, Senna siamea L. and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp Leaves on Maize (Zea mays L.) and Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Root and Shoot Growth
Get PDFWith the promotion of so-called multipurpose agroforestry species in Burundi, Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn, Senna siamea L. and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.)Walp have been the three widely disseminated leguminous shrubs to farmers for use as climbing bean stakes, fuelwood, fodder and green manure. However, of recent, field reports indicate that direct application of their foliar biomass as green manure show some negative effects on plant growth. For that matter, laboratory and greenhouse studies were set up to examine and compare the susceptibility of maize (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to allelopathic effects of Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn, Senna siamea and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. Data were collected on seed germination, radicle elongation, root and shoot growth, root, shoot and total dry biomass. The study revealed tangible depressive effects of leaves of all three tested leguminous species, particularly on radicle elongation, root and shoot growth of tested crop species. The inhibitory effects were more pronounced at higher application rates on bean than on maize growth, while roots were more sensitive than shoots. This is an indication that allelochemicals are not only species specific, but also organ specific as well as concentration dependent. Overall, the allelopathic effect followed the order: Gliricidia sepium > Senna siamea = Calliandracalothyrsus. The study outlined the potential detrimental effect of agroforestry species foliar biomass on associated plant growth when directly applied to the soil. As an alternative, we recommend to farmers the co-composting approach with low quality crop harvest residues (e.g. maize stover, wheat straw), in which the leguminous leaves play a stimulatory effect on the overall decomposition, allelochemicals dissipation and plant nutrient release
Analysis of Parking Performance of Public Off-Street Parks in Baghdad City
Get PDFParking is an important part of the transport system and its problems, especially in the capitals of countries, are due to dense traffic, business districts, private vehicle use, and the number of population as compared to the area of cities. The purposes of the study are assessing of the efficiency of parking operation including Parking Index (PI), Parking Duration (PD) and Parking Turnovers (PT). The study area included four parks was to be selected in Baghdad city in Iraq based on the advantages of the land use, two in Al-Karkh area and the others in Al-Rusafa area. Parking data were surveyed manually to evaluate parking performance of each park depending on initial questionnaires and previous data. Arrival-Departure method is used for evaluating PI, PD, and PT which express the case of parking efficiency. It showed that PI is 57.00, 97.72, 39.39 and 35.71%, also PD is 41.71, 43.11, 42.67 and 38.88 min, in addition that PT is 0.82, 1.36, 0.55, 0.55 veh/space for P1, P2, P3 and P4 respectively. The study showed that P1 and P2 operated below the maximum capacity at PI lower than 50%, it also gave the indication that P2 sometimes operates with an overcapacity, this may due to bad management of the park in addition to the non-properly use for the electronic system which controls on entrance gates. Furthermore, it showed that P3 and P4 operated above the maximum capacity complying with policy 7 of the parking space requirements in parking code guidance 2012 of San Francisco Department of Transportation
Study of Anthropometric and Biological parameters in a Diabetic population of Casablanca, Morocco
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a public health problem. Our objective is to study the epidemiological profile of diabetes in a population of Casablanca in the Sidi-Othmane district. A retrospective study which took place from January 2007 to May 2018. It is a collection of anthropometric parameters and certain biological parameters. Statistical analysis was studied using the Pearson test and the Student test. The p value <0.05 is statistically significant. A total of 1479 subjects were collected, mainly women (78.7%), with an average age of 56 ± 11 years. The average BMI is 28.34 ± 5.11 kg / m². 40.45% of patients are overweight and 31% obese. The average fasting blood glucose = 1.82 ± 0.73 g / l while the average postprandial glycemia = 2.55 ± 1.16 g / l. Mean HbA1c = 7.6 ± 1.4% confirming the poor glycemic control observed. A significant correlation was observed between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (r² = 0.58, p = 0.001). Hypertension was found in 43.7% of the diabetics. The lipid balance of our patients is characterized by an average cholesterolemia of 2 ± 0.41g / l, HDLc = 0.5 ± 0.21g / l, LDLc: 1.73 ± 0.43g / l and a triglyceride level = 1.37 ± 0.73 g / l. Of the 21.4% of diabetics who died, 58% were women. The most serious causes of death are linked to hypertension. The study shows the existence of factors predisposing to fatal complications that must be worked on to at least reduce the costly complications to manage. The use of HbA1c as a means of controlling the glycemic balance of individuals is a practical and motivating tool for the primary prevention of degenerative complications of diabetes
The Effect of Price Perceptions and Product Quality on Interest and its Impact on Purchase Decision Fabric Glove Sikka Motive in Maumere
Get PDFThe purpose of this study to analyze the effect of price perception and product quality of the interest, analyze the impact of priceand product quality perceptions on purchasing decisions, analyze the effect of interest on purchase decisions, and analyzed thebuying interest as an intervening variable for the perception of price and quality of their products to the Purchase decision. Thestudy population was purchased at the same time Cain users Gloves Sikka motives Maumere. Mechanical determination of nonprobability samples using a technique, defined by 100 samples. The technique of data analysis is the description and structural equation model using linear regression techniques. Research shows that perception of price and product quality influence on interest. Price perceptions and product quality influence on purchase decisions. Interests may mediate the effect of the price perceptions and quality of products on the purchase decision
Estimation of Standard Time in Production of Light Weight Brick Manufacturing Using Ball Mill
Get PDFOne of the efforts that must be undertaken by companies in the field of production is the production process should be designed as efficiently and effectively as possible. For that in the implementation of the production process of the need for planning and monitoring good production so lightweight brick production process can run well, so that later can increase the number of qualified products. The aim of research analyzing the quality standard time lightweight brick production process, method of data collection directly to the worker / operator in the process I Ball Mill and Raw Material. The research result analysis cycle time, normal time and standard time, then the part I. Process Ball Mill and Raw Material 1 operator obtained a standard time 67.86 minutes, Operator 2 is obtained standard time standard time acquired 36.20 minutes , Operator 3 is a standard time 56.95 minutes. Standard time or standard time gained to the three operators in the process I. Ball Mill and Raw Materials takes one time settlement activities in the amount of 161.01 minutes
Two-Stage BJT Amplifier with Negative Voltage Series Feedback Analysis Program Proteus 8
Get PDFIn this paper, the common two-stage amplifier voltage series negative feedback amplifier circuit is analyzed theoretically. With negative feedback, the closed-loop voltage gain can be reduced and controlled so that the op-amp can function as a linear amplifier. Negative feedback is the basic method and essential means of improving amplifying circuit efficiency. Then using Proteus 8 professional as simulation software, the relationship between the gain obtained by open-loop and the simulation of the closed-loop and the pass-band is shown by comparing the real experimental data with the result of the circuit’s simulation and the waveform. Negative feedback opposes or subtracts from the input signals giving it many advantages in the design and stabilization of control systems. Basically the relationship consistent with the calculated results, that is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis
Lithostratigraphic Characterization of the Subsurface in Ologbo Community using Wenner-Schlumberger Electrode Configuration of Electrical Resistivity Method
Get PDFWenner-Schlumberger electrode configuration of the electrical resistivity method of geophysical investigation was carried out in Ologbo Community Edo State Nigeria in order to characterize the subsurface geology in this location. The Petrozenith earth resistivity meter was used to measure the resistance offered by the subsurface in two different locations in this geophysical investigation. Sixty (60) Wenner-Schlumberger soundings were carried out in each of the areas. Data were collected and processed using Res2dinv software which produced an inverse model resistivity section which is the true resistivity of the subsurface and this was used to deduce the geological characteristics of the surveyed depth range. Interpretation of the inverse model resistivity section using knowledge of the geology of the study area and standard electrical resistivity of earth materials available in the literature indicates the presence of clayey sand, lateritic clay, laterite, sand and sandstone as the make-up of the subsurface geology of the study area
Analysis of Growth and Yield Parameters for Four Cowpea Varieties in Kirimiro Ecological Conditions
Get PDFCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) is a grain legume and a food major importance for millions of people, especially in less developed countries. It is not only rich in nutrients, but also in nutraceuticals such as dietary fibre, antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols. An experiment was carried out in three blocks completely randomized at Rukoba hill of Kirimiro region to analyse the growth and yield parameters of four cowpea varieties ( Local, Katumani, Rurandaranda and Fahari) to assess the variety which is more adapted to the ecological conditions of the region. The studied parameters were: leaves number, leaf length and width, plant height, pods number per plant, leaf area, grains number per pod, plant height at pods formation and yield. The outcomes showed a significant increase in leaf length and width per plant for the Rurandarada variety than the local and other varieties. Moreover, this variety recorded significantly enhanced leaf area and an effectively improved plant height. Furthermore, rurandarada variety recorded a noteworthy increase in leaves number and has significantly improved yield compared to others. The study highlighted rurandarara variety as the most adapted variety. This suggested that rurandaranda could be considered as a variety that could be cultivated in the area for the promotion of food security and the health of the population