International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (IJASRE)
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Hydraulic modeling of flooding in the Wadi Guigou watershed, Middle Atlas (Morocco)
Get PDFGiven its geographical location within a fairly humid area generally characterized by a climatic regime marked by brutal andaggressive rains, a hydrographic network conducive to the rapid spread of floods and a geomorphological context favorable toflooding floods, as well as waterproofing of land through various economic and development activities ... the Guigou depressionof 1227km2 has been subject for several years, particularly during the last decade (floods of 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010) to the several successive floods generated by the overflowing of the flood waters of the Guigou wadi and the othertributaries It is in this perspective that this work comes with the objective of achieving a hydraulic model by HEC-RAS allowing tolimit, on the one hand, flood zones for each return period and, on the other hand, to propose measures to combat the floodscaused by the Guigou wadi. The hydraulic simulation results enabled us to note that the wadi overflows for all the return periods on a good part of the agricultural constructions and plots, which confirms the observations made during the diagnosis of the sections of the study area, as well define the development plans planned at Wadi Guigou, in order to remedy the flooding phenomenon and protect the center of Timahdite and the Guigou plai
Determination and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentrations collected from Indoor houses at Lagos State of Nigeria
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to determine the levels of selected heavy metals (As, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr) at 60 homes from the 20 local governments in Lagos State, Nigeria. Approval was sought from respective residential landlords and occupants of the sampledcommunities. Three dust samples were collected from each local government. A total of 60 dust samples were collected andlabelled according to the first three letters of each Local government. Indoor dust samples from households (furniture, containerbags, window slides, ceiling fan and standing fan) were collected using soft paint brushes. 0.5g of the homogenized mixture wasmeasured in triplicate labelled 1, 2 and 3 in different boiling tubes for digestion process. Each triplicate samples were digestedusing aqua regia for 1 hour at a temperature of about 100 degree celcius. Heavy metal concentrations were determined usingAgilent Technologies 4210 MP-AES Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The concentration of heavy metals in the indoor dustwere dominated by Arsenic with an average concentration of 57.76-111.93 mg/kg followed Lead 13.81-116.60 mg/kg, Zinc 22.73-224.2 mg/kg, Copper 8.27-228.75 mg/kg and Chromium with concentration of 2.53-22.60 mg/kg respectively. The concentrationsof heavy metal in the areas investigated followed the order: Ar>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr. The exposure dose was also estimated throughingestion, inhalation and dermal contacts, and the exposure route was highest for ingestion pathway. The health risk (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) of these heavy metals were assessed based on the United States Environmental ProtectionAgency health risk models. The estimated values were compared to standard guidelines and human health limits by the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency, USEPA and California Environmental Protection Agency, Ca/EPA. For noncarcinogenic risk, the hazard index values for all the studied metals were lower than the safe level of 1. The Total Lifetime Cancer Risk for adults and children were below the limit (1x10-6– 1x10-4) as standardized by USEPA except in children which was slightly higher than the permissible limit in two local government areas; (Shomolu L.G.A 1.03x10-4) and (Lagos Mainland 1.02x10-4). This indicates that the risk of carcinogenic effect occurring is likely in children with exposure to arseni
Pilot Contamination Mitigation in Massive MIMO Systems-based 5G network
Get PDF5G, a future descent cellular network is predictable to encourage the increasing demand for continuous rising mobile users andthe egression of services like the internet of things. Enormous MIMO has been specified as a promising technology that presentsimportant improvements in the efficiency of spectral over 4G technologies. Although, pilot contamination is the prime restrictedfactor while considering the TDD protocol. Several manners have been offered in literature to diminish the influence of pilotcontamination in mobile systems. This paper provides an overview of the proposed a spatiotemporal approach which can mitigatethe effect of pilot contamination by avoiding time-domain transmitting synchronous pilot and then a pilot allocation algorithm inthe spatial domain. The proposed scenario provides a reduced level of intercell interference, which eventually gives it the abilityto enhance the minimum and the mean achievable strength per terminal
AUTOMATED ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LUKEMIA DETECTION IN BLOOD MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
Get PDFAcute Myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a subtype of acute leukemia. The current method of leukemia detection is by manual examination of the blood cells through the microscope. It very time consuming and also it depend on the operator’s ability. Current method is very costly .The leukemia is very dangerous if it is left untreated. So the need of automatic detection of leukemia essential. Leukemia can be automatically detected mainly by 5 steps .The first step is preprocessing the image. In preprocessing the RGB color space is converted into CIEL*a*b color space. This is done due to three reasons. First the RGB (red ,green, blue) color space is difficult to segment, second in RGB image background varies greatly with respect to color and intensity. After the preprocessing, noises in the image will remove using a wiener filter. Then the image is segmented into three clusters using K-means clustering algorithm. The segmented white blood cell nucleus feature is then extracted. By using the SVM classifier the image is classified into cancerous or noncancerous image
Internet of Things to Improve Agriculture in Sub Sahara Africa - A Case Study
Get PDFAgriculture is the main source of income in many countries in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). In these countries, farmers get less yield because they depend on rainfall only. Integrating Internet of Things and Agriculture (smart agriculture) helps farmers to grow more crops in any season of the year. Also, it improves farmer’s living standard and raises the economy of these countries. Moreover, it reduces labor work or manual work which takes more time and more cost. This paper is evaluating the areas where smart farming can be applied in agriculture and brings the direct impact to farmers in SSA
A Study of Phytodesalination Rate of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes) in Brackish Water
Get PDFSalinization of freshwater is increasing globally and desalination plants are expensive and energy consuming method to run. Theresearcher of this paper studied the use of water hyacinth for phytodesalination of brackish water. Ten (10) litres of brackish water (salinity 7.69 ppt) in a plastic trough were placed in three replicates, each containing about 100 g water hyacinth andstudied daily for 6 days. The experiment was conducted to measure the treatment parameters of electrical conductivity (EC), pH,total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity, thereafter, the treatment means were calculated. Results showed that maximum reductions of most of the water parameter were observed after 3 days of the research and a phytodesalination rates of +0.083ppt/g/day for EC, +55.8 ppt/g/day for TDS and +0.075 ppt/g/day for salinity were recorded. The water hyacinth started showingsigns of nutrient starvation and a reduced rate of desalination after 3 days. This can be addressed by continuously removing spent water hyacinth and re-introducing fresh ones in 3 days intervals until desalination is complete. Anova shows that there wassignificant difference between control and water hyacinth treatment means at 95 percent confidence level for EC, TDS and salinity. This suggests efficacy of water hyacinth in the desalination of brackish surface water for industrial and other agricultural purposes
Variation of Manganese Oxide Textures and Geochemistry with Rock Association at the Yakau Area, Ghana
Get PDFTwelve highly weathered residual oxide samples from outcrops at Yakau and Bofun near Dixcove show massive, vuggy, striationsof foliation, and fibrous-banded textures. The partially oxidised primary rock identified as amphibolite garnet – gneiss, which contains garnet 30%, amphiboles 35%, quartz 15% and ore minerals 5% with garnet partially replaced by recrystallised quartzand manganese minerals, mainly pyrolusite. There are manganese oxide residuals that contain quartz 20%, todorokite andpyrolusite 50%, goethite 30%, and garnet replaced by goethite. The vuggy textured residual oxide contains the highest manganese oxide (61.0 wt %), whereas the fibrous-banded type contains the least manganese oxide (1.8 wt %). It is recommended that stages of oxidation of the oxides be studied further to know the extent of maturity of oxides, which may contain higher MnO grades, as well as the textures of the oxides to be used as an additional tool for mineral exploration. Observations made from the scatter plots indicate a correlation coefficient of elements within the ores and rocks. The correlation coefficient (r) between some elements show a strong/positive correlation whereas others show a negative/weak correlation
Job Satisfaction Dominates The Influence of Leadership and Work Environment on Work Spirit
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the effect of the leadership, work environment and job satisfaction on employee work spirit Company dolphin Malang chips, and to analyze the variables that affect the dominant of the leadership, work environment, and job satisfaction on employee work spirit Company dolphin Malang chips. Respondents in this study were all employees DolphinsChips Company Malang. The population in this study was 125 employees; the data collection method used was census by usingthe entire amount of the population as a sample. Engineering analysis using descriptive analysis, test classic assumptions andhypothesis testing completed using multiple linear regression techniques with SPSS statistical calculators. The results show thatleadership, work environment, and job satisfaction effect on employee work spirit dolphin Chip Company Malang, and jobsatisfaction dominant influence on employee work spirit dolphin Chip Company Malang. This suggests that the main priorities that should be considered to improve employee work spirit are job satisfaction in the organization and management refer toindicators such as job descriptions on companies that are very clear
Assessment of Hydrochemistry, Facies Type and Processes Contributing the Major Ions to the Groundwater of Ajakanga Area, Ibadan, South Western Nigeria
Get PDFResulting from insufficient supply of potable water and risk of possible contamination from anthropogenic sources, 14 samples were collected from wells at Ajakanga and environs in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria, in order to determine the shallow groundwater quality and desirability for drinking purposes. Physical parameters such as pH, EC, and TDS were measured at site using a combined EC, TDS and pH meter. Major ions analyzed included Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NO3-, Cl-, HCO3- and SO42-. The anions were measured using titrimetric method, and analyzed by Genesys 2.0 Spectrophotometer, while the cations were analyzed using the flame photometry method. The hydrochemical data were subjected to a series of statistical analysis and conventional graphical plots. Results showed that all the chemical parameters analyzed, excepting Cl- fall within the World Health Organization permissible limit for drinking water. The shallow groundwater is therefore fit for drinking purposes. Cations concentration in the water is in the order of Ca>Mg>Na>K, while for the major anion HCO3>Cl>SO4>NO3. Scatter plots and Gibbs diagram showed that the cations were released into the water as a result of weathering of the underlying basement rocks. Trilinear Piper diagram indicated two water facies in the area, with CaHCO3 water being dominant, while CaMgHCO3 is subordinate. Application of Chloro Alkaline Indices and the Ca/HCO3 ratio indicated that reverse ion exchange reaction is responsible for the dominance of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the waters
Biological, Nutritional and Economic Benefits of Cassava-Maize-Bean Intercropping in Kirimiro and Mumirwa Agro-ecological zones, Burundi
Get PDFCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)-maize (Zea mays L.)-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropping system is common in Burundi. Nevertheless, despite the undeniable predominance of varied intercropping systems in the current Burundi agriculture landscape, national research programs remain focused on monoculture systems. The global objective of this investigation initiated by ADISCO/UPH was to evaluate the comparative advantages of the cassava-maize-bean intercropping system, relative to corresponding monoculture systems under two major Burundi agro-ecological zones, Kirimiro and Mumirwa. The two cropping systems were assessed on their effects on soil fertility, land equivalent ratio (LER), area x time equivalent ratio (ATER), nutrient value (energy, proteins) and economic benefits (total and net returns, value/cost). The study revealed that cassava-maize-bean intercropping resulted in greater biological land-use efficiency (+ 55 %) and an increase in soil fertility parameters (% C, % N, CEC, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+). Above all, compared to monoculture systems, the gains in energy (kilocalories) associated with the intercropping system varied between + 36% (Kirimiro) and + 59 % (Mumirwa), while those of protein (kg) content ranged from + 28 % to + 51 %, respectively in Kirimiro and Mumirwa. However, the economic efficiency based on the value/cost ratio was low for both cropping systems (V/C=0.6-1.3). From this study, it is transparent that for most farmers, obtaining a well-balanced and regular diet for their family is more meaningful than any other intercropping benefits. In this context, it is more than urgent to find the right crop combinations that would yield better and, at the same time, produce a reasonably well-balanced diet. We then conclude that the development and dissemination of such cropping systems, appropriate to the Burundi rural reality, adapted to climate change, while meeting the nutritional and economic requirements for farmers is, with no doubt the today major challenge for agronomists, extensionists and policymakers alike