International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (IJASRE)
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Reduction Potentials of Material Waste Control Construction Methods on Building Sites in South-South, Nigeria
Get PDFMaterial waste reduction or minimisation reflection is essential in the studies of construction waste management, and it cannot be overstressed due to waste impact on project performance and outcomes. There are some construction methods and on-site management practices, termed in this study as material waste control construction methods (MWCCM), which were adopted from the manufacturing sector, which can curb the level of material waste generated on-site. The purpose of this study is to assess the extent of utilisation of MWCCM for alleviating material waste problems and domestically establish their potentials in reducing waste on-site. The correlation and relationship between MWCCM and material waste generated (MWG) on-site were determined. The study was carried out in the six States of South-South geopolitical zone in Nigeria using a work study manual to collected data from the selected on-going projects in the study area. The descriptive research survey design approach was espoused for the study, and the data were equally analysed with canonical correlation. The study findings revealed that the squared correlation coefficient (r2) type effect size was 0.808, showing that the full model clarified a generous segment, about 81% of the variance shared between MWG and MWCCM. It demonstrates unique relationship between MWG and MWCCM with F = 2.918 at p < 0.05. Sequel to the results derived by this study, conclusions were reached that there are a significant correlation and relationship between MWG and MWCCM. Hence, MWCCM has great potential for reducing material wast on site. The study recommended MWCCM for use to assuage the menace of material waste generation on site, thereby improving the performance of project delivery
Comparative Analysis of Different Fertilizers Effects on Maize Growth Parameters
Get PDFLower soil fertility was identified as a major problem affecting crop yield in Burundi, especially at Bihunge, a hill of Matongo commune Kayanza province. An experiment was therefore carried out with five treatments to assess the effective and economically affordable treatment on maze growth parameters improvement. The experimental has considered five treatments: the control (T1); Compost from maize residues + mineral adjuvant (T2); Compost from maize residues + organic adjuvant based on Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn (T3); ISABU formula for maize fertilization (T4); the maize compost + Calliandra + recommended mineral fertilization for maize (T5)), in randomized complete blocks with three replications for each. The recorded parameters were the leaves number, plant height, stem girth as well as the leaf area. After analysis with SPSS and Advanced Excel, results showed a significant difference between treatments. The treatment T4 was the most effective in improving all growth parameters than others and showed a significant difference from treatments T1, T2, and T3. However, it did not differ to treatment T5 which also significantly differed from other treatments with P<0.05. Treatment T5 has also effectively enhanced the leaves number, plant height, stem girth, and leaf area as treatment T4, and was in the same variation range as this treatment T4. As the effectiveness of T5 was based on the combination of calliandra which has more potential in improving soil fertility and nutrient followed by better fostering of nutrients to the plant leading to better-improved plant growth, this treatment was considered as the effective and farmer accessible treatment for maize cultivation
Effect of Coconut Shell Ash and Graphite Particles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aluminium Composites
Get PDFThe current high demand for aluminium (Al) matrix composites with improved physical and mechanical properties has resulted in growing concern in the production of hybrid composites of aluminium at a lower cost. In the present work, an effort has been made to develop a hybrid aluminium matrix composite from waste aluminium cans, coconut shell ash (150 µm) and graphite (150 µm) particles by stir casting method. Composites were prepared by reinforcing recycled aluminium alloy with a combination of 0,2,4,6,8 % weight (wt.) fraction of coconut shell ash (CSA) and constant 2 % wt. the fraction of graphite. The cast produced were machined in accordance with ASTM standard into an appropriate coupon for microstructural examination, density measurement, tensile, impact and hardness tests. The micrograph showed reasonably uniform distribution of CSA and graphite particles in the matrix of aluminium alloy. Casting defects such as shrinkage did not manifest and porosity are minimal. The results also revealed a reduction in density and impact energy within the range of 2.46-2.23 g/cm3 and 12.92-4.76 J respectively. Hardness and tensile strength increased within the range of 220.9-266.4 HV and 27-57 MPa respectively. The result reveals that, the overall reduction of density and impact strength together with improved hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the composites. The control sample confirmed the retention of the reinforcements in the aluminium matrix. This study has affirmed the suitability of recycled aluminium cans reinforced with graphite and coconut shell ash as a candidate material for the production of the most common automobile part
Power and Torque Analysis in Electric Vehicle Prototype Design
Get PDFAutomotive developments led to increased demand for fuel. Vehicle need fossil fuels to move them, while the fossil energy in this world is decreasing over time because fossil energy cannot be renewed. This has triggered the development of the use of electrical energy in the transportation system as a substitute for fossil fuels whose energy source is from renewable energy such as biomass energy (such as methane), hydropower, geothermal power, wind energy, and solar energy. One method that can be done to reduce the use of fossil energy is by utilizing electrical energy as an energy source in cars. In this study, an electric car prototype was designed using a three-phase induction motor with 3 HP power as the main driving force. To find out the power consumption and torque produced, it is necessary to analyze the calculation of power and torque when loaded and without load. In this research, the electric car prototype uses load variants, 40 kg, 60 kg, and 100 kg. Where the maximum torque that can be generated by the motor when no load is 9.94 Nm and when it is loaded is a variation of the load of 100 kg of 11.80 N.m. Calculation of the maximum power that can be generated by the motor when no load is 1976.94 watts and when loaded is a variation of 100 kg of 1202.59 watts. The data from the calculation of torque is inversely proportional to power, where the greater the power, the smaller the torque produced
Strengths and Opportunity of Migrant Village Tourism Development in Indonesia
Get PDFMigrant worker problems occur due to limited job opportunities & opportunities, income disparity and less productive use of income. Especially in Malang Regency in 2016 experienced an increase in the number of migrants by 21.8%. The purpose of this research is a strategy to develop the tourism potential of Migrant Villages to increase job opportunities. This study will be carried out in Donomulyo Subdistrict in the south-east region (32 - 70 km) from Malang City and concentrate on villages that have a potential migrant population who work abroad. The sampling technique is based on the random sampling method, number a sample of 69 with a 95% confidence level. The analysis of this research uses the SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats). Migrant Village, Donomulyo Subdistrict, has strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, strength is its good panoramas, adequate infrastructure and then has a distinctive tradition of good artistic activities. The weaknesses are that the road access is not good enough, there is less attention, it is prone to disasters and the human resources are insufficient or insufficient. Strategies because of strengths but have opportunities, the strategic undertaken in cooperation with travel agents, further agro-tourism development strategies and increasing cultural tourism attractions and development of Bumdes (Business entities in the village). Furthermore, the next strategy is if it is strong but has challenges, the strategy is to make tour packages by branding tourist villages. However, if there is a weakness and there is a chance the strategy is to improve the infrastructure for the procurement of tourist signs, add to tourist spots and organize a tourist information centre
Study of Deterioration of the Quality of Gasoil adultération with Kerosene: A Case of Smuggling Activities at the YEMA Border in DRC
Get PDFSeveral professional laboratories are actively concerned with the issue of the compliant certification of smuggled fuels from the Angolan borders of YEMA, YACHT, KUNGU, LUFU and others with regard to the quality standards and specifications in force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Despite the rigor of the standards and quality specifications in force, the physicochemical characterization of gasoil-kerosene mixtures resulting from smuggling activities (adulterated gasoil), remains a subject little explored and sometimes subjective with regard to the standards. In fact, the standards define the means and methods to be used to test the quality of a fuel, and the specifications impose the characteristics that this fuel must meet. the specifications require for each physicochemical parameter (density, viscosity, flash point, cetane number, distillation, etc.) a range of values beyond which the product is declared non-compliant. in the laboratory, a diesel fuel is said to be compliant when all the physicochemical parameters analyzed according to the recommended standards are within the range of values required by the specifications in force. however, the results obtained during this study inform us that the reporting conforming to the standards of a Gasoil suspected of smuggling should not be limited simply by observing the specifications. in fact, we have carried out analytical tests in the laboratory (density, sulfur content, viscosity, color, distillation and flash point) on gasoline-kerosene weight mixtures thus simulating a practice of smuggling Gasoil which is the dilution of Kerosene. thus, we believe that a comprehensive analysis of this fuel should include.
Compliance with standards and specifications of all physicochemical characteristics.
Interpretation of the ASTM distillation curve
Critical analysis of the values of each of the physicochemical characteristics of volatility alongside others (Flash Point, Initial Distillation Point, Recovery 50%, Recovery 65%) because they are all linked by a logic
Antibacterial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Retail Fish in Okada, Edo State Nigeria
Get PDFThis study aimed at the microbiological analysis of retail frozen and smoked fish in Okada Edo state Nigeria. Four different retail fish samples were collected from different point of sale in Okada market. Two fresh iced and smoked samples respectively were used for the study. After sub culturing prepared samples into appropriate media, 38 bacterial isolates were obtained from primary culture plates and characterized using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on the isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. All the isolates obtained were Gram positive cocci bacteria and had a probable identity of Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. The fresh fish samples had a minimum viable count of 1.7x 106 cfu/g and a maximum count of 4x 106 cfu/g while the smoked fish samples had a minimum viable count of 1.8x 106 cfu/g and a maximum count of 8.5x 106 cfu/g. Results from this study shows that the samples do not meet the acceptable limit (5x 105 cfu/g) of the International Commission of Microbiological Specification for Food (ICMSF). The antibiotic susceptibility test showed the presence of antibiotic resistant organisms among the retail fish samples. The detection of high viable counts of bacteria isolates beyond acceptable limits and their antibiotic resistance pattern elucidates the need for continuous monitoring of retail sea foods in the environment. Prudent use of antibiotics in aquaculture should be promoted to avoid the public health impact caused by antibiotic resistance transferred from retail sea foods to humans
Failure Prediction of Highly Requested Complex Technical Systems: Application to W18v50df Engines
Get PDFThe work done in this paper has focused on the prediction of failures of a complex and highly stressed technical system for energy production, namely the W18V50DF engine powering an MW gas-fired power plant. The aim of this work is to highlight the prediction curves, a priori and a posteriori, of the evolution (probabilistic) of the state of these W18V50DF engines in order to anticipate the appearance of failure and to put a human-machine interface to facilitate the knowledge of a possible event and to allow a remote action. To do this, a hybrid method has been employed in the field of data-oriented modeling which highlights the neural network modeling used to determine the state of the components of the system studied by classification. Coupled with Bayesian network modeling, also known as probabilistic graphical models used to predict the state of the system. The neural model and the HMI have been built respectively through the ntools library and via the GUIDE library of the MATLAB software, while the probabilistic graphical model has been built using the BayesianLab software. The work carried out has shown that the W18V50DF engine and its components are degraded as their lifetimes evolve. In addition, because of its complexity and the criticality of some of its components, the degradation of the W18V50DF engine will be accelerated as each of them will be. In addition to this, the financial evaluation revealed that this work, beyond its multiple technical challenges, would allow the user to make significant financial gains
A Synergy of Ontology and Knowledge Classification for Decision Support Systems
Get PDFMany problems within the software industry today emanate from the obliviousness that system development for decision support belongs to a category of problems that are classified complex or "wicked" in type. Therefore, procedural paradigms that address this phenomenon constitute areas of much exploration. Distinct with conventional problems, complex problems in information systems are problems that lack clarity in both their aims and solutions; lack definitive constructs and deficient of inherent logic that distinctively indicates when desired goals are achieved. This paper provides a discourse on the complex problems in Insurance Categorization. Ontology and knowledge classification in Insurance systems fall under this class of problems as insurance policies commonly describe problems exigent to unravel due to incomplete, contradictory and obstinately changing requirements. Because people exist in very unpredictable cultures with extensive categories of risk trajectories, it is commonly expected that individuals at some point in life are going to be challenged with situations which will hamper their privileges. Today, insurance businesses evolve either adversely or optimistically contingent upon the kinds of solutions they proffer for complex problems which may range from the competition, management and pecuniary situation. This paper decomposes key functionalities of complex insurance processes to model knowledge-based ontology adopting standard Enterprise Architecture archetypes that impress upon the intricacies of insurance information systems management. The relationships between classifications, perspectives and knowledge are examined to promote the organization of homogenous entities intended for grouping procedures for decision support systems. The strengths and constraints of imperative categorization approaches are described in terms of their ability to ruminate, discover, and apply contemporary expositions through modelling so as to harmonize business goals with application infrastructures
Study of occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical isolates as a result of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (Esbls) Production
Get PDFResistance to antibiotics by microorganisms has increased dramatically in the past few years. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and other classes of antibiotics is attributed to the production of beta-lactamase genes located on mobile genetic elements, which facilitate their transfer between different species. This study was undertaken to determine the presence of ESBLs in 400 isolates of Escherichia coli obtained from various clinical specimens (urine, stool, blood, wound swabs, sputum and throat swabs) collected from 216 female and 184 male patients attending various health facilities in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; and to relate ESBL production with antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility test using penicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, gentamycin, chloramphenicol and imipenem antibiotic discs sourced from OXOID, USA was carried out, using NCCLS guidelines on the isolates. The presence of ESBLs was determined using the Double Disc Synergy (DDST) test. The isolates showed the highest resistance to penicillin 392(98%) producing 62(15.8%) ESBLs. Only 8 (2%) isolates were susceptible to penicillin. This was closely followed by resistance to ceftriaxone (385; 96.3%), producing 62(16.1%) ESBLs. The isolates were also resistant to other classes of antibiotics: aminoglycosides (gentamycin) 331(82.7%), carbapenem, imipenem 2(0.5%) which was the least. Three hundred and ninety-eight (99.5%) of the isolates were susceptible to imipenem. Isolates from blood specimens (26.3%; n=5) harboured the highest percentage of ESBLs, followed by isolates from wound swab specimens (17.3%; n=9). The study showed moderate production of ESBLs resulting in multiple antibiotic resistance