International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (IJASRE)
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Nanomaterials: A Primer
Get PDFNanotechnology refers to the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nm. Nanomaterials, the result of the manufacturing application of nanotechnology, are materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100 nm. They are the building blocks of nanotechnology as they possess unique structures and properties that distinguish them from other materials. More and more nanomaterials are expected to be used in electronic and consumer products. This paper provides a primer on nanomaterials and their diverse applications
Elementary School of Ecosystem-Based : Study on the Implementation of Education Policies in Elementary School of Ecosystem-Based Management State of Indonesia
Get PDFIn essence, National education functions to develop and shape the character and civilization of a nation with dignity in the framework of educating the nation's life, aiming at developing the potential of students to become human beings who believe and fear God Almighty, have a noble character, are healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become a democratic and responsible citizen ”(Law No. 20 of 2003 on the National Education System article 3). Then, in article 4 of the National Education System Law, Number 20 of 2003 states that "Education is held by empowering all components of society through participation in the implementation and control of the quality of education services". This study examines the implementation of ecosystem-based education in SDN 16, Rukoh, Banda Aceh because basic education is the main pillar of cultivating the character of the nation's children. Especially in the context of Aceh as the Veranda of Mecca which underlies all of its policies with Islamic principles. Thus, the title of this dissertation proposal is Ecosystem-Based Elementary School (Study on Implementation of Curriculum 2013 on Ecosystem-Based Education in SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh City). The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the implementation of the education office's policies on ecosystem-based schools at SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh. Describe and analyze the supporting and inhibiting elements of the implementation of ecosystem-based school education policies at SD Negeri 16 Banda Aceh. In the research discussion, the main theory is used, namely the theory of educational policy implementation and several supporting theories, namely the theory of education, the sociological theory of education, the concept of the learning process, and the concept of the educational ecosystem. This research method using a qualitative descriptive approach with data analysis used interactive analysis. The results of research on the implementation of ecosystem-based primary school education policies can be formulated through findings and propositions. As the final result, the major proposition is as follows: The learning process through the implementation of ecosystem-based elementary school education is formed through the involvement and support of school stakeholders and the presence of local government so that personality, character, environmental awareness are created
Innovative Behavior of Telematics Creative Community in Interaction Dynamics: (Study of Innovation Activists in Creative Telematics Community in Malang City, Indonesia)
Get PDFThe idea of this research began with the attention of various parties to the existence of a creative telematics community, especially in the Malang city area, and its emergence as a response to advances in digital technology. The problem that deserves to be revealed lies in the ability of telematics activists to innovate and build interactions in the internal and external environment. The creative telematics community that operates within the scope of the ICT-based creative economy (information and communication technology), is a phenomenon that is able to provide new stimuli for existing social changes, namely by placing intellectual capital as the main input in the form of creativity or innovation. The research was carried out in an effort to obtain a real picture of research questions regarding: (1) how does innovation behavior proceed in the internal and external environment of the telematics creative community? (2) What factors support and hinder the innovative behavior of the telematics creative community? On that basis, the main purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of innovation in the dynamics of the interaction of the creative telematics community in the city of Malang. In particular, it is expected to challenge Skinner's theory of social behavior. Substantially, it also provides a discourse about the existence of the creative community of telematics in Malang. By setting these objectives, this study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The main purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of innovation in the dynamics of the interaction of the creative telematics community in Malang. In particular, it is expected to challenge Skinner's theory of social behavior. Substantially, it also provides a discourse about the existence of the creative community of telematics in Malang. By setting these objectives, this study uses a qualitative descriptive method, and on that basis, the main purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of innovation in the dynamics of the interaction of the creative telematics community in Malang. In particular, it is expected to challenge Skinner's theory of social behavior. Substantially, it also provides a discourse about the existence of the creative community of telematics in Malang. By setting these objectives, this study uses a qualitative descriptive method, and to obtain the depth of analysis, the phenomenological method developed by Schutz was used and strengthened through Husserl's idea, which is to try to reveal about social awareness originating from individual experience, and having a relationship with innovation behavior in the dynamics of the interaction of the creative telematics community. The research results can be formulated including: (1) The creativity of telematics activists in the city of Malang is able to develop a relationship formula based on the intensity of information exchange through forums initiated by telematics activists, both formally and non-formally; (2) The emergence of innovative behavior in the life of the creative telematics community, not only bringing up thematic aspects but is a socio-cultural process formed through a social learning process; (3) Innovative behavior in the dynamics of the creative telematics community, has combined conventional approaches and optimization of renewable technology tools, by prioritizing the building of sustainable relationships; and (4) Factors that support and inhibit innovation behavior, dominantly emerge from within the telematics activists, with behavior that tends to be in situations that are actually faced and felt by the creative telematics activists themselves
Analysis of the Patterns of Mismanagement of Funds in the General Education Sector using the Theory of Accountability and Fraud Triangle: A Case Study of Zambia
Get PDFFinancial mismanagement in the public sector in Zambia is commonplace as shown by the Auditor General’s Reports for many years. The general education sector has the highest figures each year and has a wide range of forms of financial mismanagement. It is not yet known why financial mismanagement exists in the general education sector. The main objective of the study was to profile the patterns of mismanagement of funds in the General Education Sector using the theory of accountability and fraud triangle. A cross-section national study involving a questionnaire survey of 539 respondents from the ten provinces as part of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The materiality means score obtained from the ten provinces was all above the sample mean which was 43 implying the existence of materiality in terms of financial mismanagement. About 44% of respondents perceived financial mismanagement to be committed by accounting staff, 33.4% by a top management staff with accounting staff, and 22% by top management alone. The study found out that financial mismanagement was influenced by pressure, perceived opportunity, and the tendency to give an excuse for engaging in unethical behavior. The study also reviewed that there is a lack of legislation and technical knowledge, insufficient monitoring and control of funds, lack of availability of fiscal policies in the education sector, lack of action to combat criminals, and lack of honesty, openness, and credibility. The article proposes corrective measures that can make the financial management of public institutions conform to the principles of good governance. In conclusion, the Ministry of General Education would require embracing in its policies and practices financial mismanagement risk governance, financial mismanagement risk assessment, financial mismanagement prevention, financial mismanagement detection, and financial mismanagement investigation and corrective action in order to mitigate them
Petrol Engine Fault Detection Using Mechanical Vibration Analysis
Get PDFVibration monitoring is the most widely used condition monitoring technique, where the machine's vibrations are analyzed to determine incipient faults. The early detection of a fault has many advantages as detecting a simple fault before causes too complicated problems. Every machine contains mechanical parts that emit a vibration. These vibrations can be monitored and recorded as a reference signal, displaying it using different strategies such as the time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain simultaneously. The root mean square (RMS) method is used to analyze the signal to obtain the signal code.
This paper presents a monitoring method, displaying, analyzing and coding of the vibration signal using a newly invented device called Immediate Diagnosis Device (IDD) presented by the same authors to detect the Daewoo Lanos engine faults using a mobile device. A vibration sensor (model: 333B32) was installed on the engine body to monitor the engine vibrations at different engine speeds 900 and 1500 rpm. The measured signal is fed to IDD and passes through a series of operations and processing in its components to assess the engine fault. Through IDD, the vibration signals were sent to the processing unit microcontroller 32BIT- 72MHZ-12BIT ADC, Serial Interface (STM32F103C8T6) to store and process it. Then compares it with the reference data by using Microsoft Visual Studio and the C ++ language program, the final result will be displayed a message on the device screen LCD (16X2 8BIT) to explain the fault reason
Experimental Study on Effects of Film Thickness on Structural Characteristics of ITO Thin Film Prepared by RF Sputtering
Get PDFThis paper presents the effects of low-temperature annealing and film thickness on the structural characteristics of ITO thin film for photovoltaic applications. The thin film of thickness 40nm, 60nm, and 85nm were grown on glass substrate using radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique followed by thermal annealing at 4500C. These as-grown and annealed films were subjected to X-ray diffraction [XRD] for structural analysis. The XRD patterns reveal that all as-grown samples are amorphous in nature in minor peaks. While the annealed samples are crystalline in nature with pronounced peaks at a preferred orientation [222] and monocrystalline in nature. This study shows that ITO thin films may be used as alternative materials for eco-friendly buffer layer thin-film solar cell applications
Characterization of Palm Oil as Base Feedstock for Bio-lubricant Production
Get PDFPetroleum-based lubricants have dominated the range of lubricants in industrial and domestic machinery. With the global call to the reduction in fossil fuel consumption and the finite nature of petroleum deposit, interest is increasing in finding alternative lubricants that are environmentally friendly and cost-effective. One of such alternatives is lubricant from biomaterials (biomass). In this study, the characterization of palm Oil (oil) as a base oil for bio-lubricant production is carried out with a view to determining the inherent properties of the oil necessary for its use as the base oil for bio-lube production. Three samples of raw palm oil were sourced from open markets within the South-West, South-East and South-South regions in Nigeria. Each of the samples was divided into two in which one half was bleached and the other used as supplied. Prior to bleaching, the sample was degummed, neutralised and then bleached to improve their qualities. Kaolin clay was used to produce the bleaching agent used to bleach the samples. The raw and bleached samples were analysed for their respective lubricating characteristics. The physicochemical properties were tested for and compared with two commercial petroleum-based lubricants. The results show that raw palm oil has inherent lubricating properties that could enable its use as the base oil for bio-lubricants production. It was also observed that irrespective of the source of the oils, all the raw palm oil samples have similar viscosity with the same pattern of viscosity variation with temperature. Furthermore, there was a positive bleaching effect on all the properties of the oils such as improved colour, acid levels, reduced volatile content, high flash point and density
Coplanarity Condition for Photogrammetric Simultaneous and Self Calibration Block Adjustments
Get PDFThe well-known collinearity equations are widely employed for the determination of object space coordinates of points during the aerial and close-range photogrammetry applications. On the other hand, the coplanarity equation is applied for analytical relative orientation which is essential for sequential block adjustment procedure.
This paper concentrates on deriving mathematical formulation based on coplanarity condition. Softwares utilizing the derived mathematical models have been developed and tested using mathematical photogrammetric data.
The effects of random and lens distortion errors on simultaneous and self-calibration block adjustments using the derived mathematical models and collinearity equations have been studied.
It was found that the derived mathematical models compensate for the lens distortion errors better than collinearity equations. Furthermore, the accuracy of the results of self-calibration block adjustment using the coplanarity equation is slightly better than those obtained by collinearity equations
Challenges to the Execution of the UN Mandate in Central African Republic
Get PDFUnited Nations (UN) Peace Keeping Operations (PKOs) are often faced with numerous challenges. These include lack of clarity in implementation procedures, environmental challenges including language as well as, different customs, and ideology existing within the mission groups among others. This study sought to examine the challenges to the execution of the UN Mandate with reference to the “UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic”, (MINUSCA). Data was obtained from books, e-books, journals, UN publications and websites. The collected data was analyzed thematically so as to establish the efficacy of UN intervention in light of the identified contemporary challenges. The findings show that the execution of the UN Mandate in the Central African Republic is implemented in a complex environment. The UN during its planning for PKOs may have not considered the national institutional capabilities in CAR that were expected to support MINUSCA in the execution of its Mandate. It can also be concluded that challenges to the MNUSCA mandate execution lie in the ability and capability of the rehatted troops from MISCA to MINUSCA which emanated from the inherent inability of the UN to raise enough troops for its PKOs. In this regard, the principles of peacekeeping; impartiality, consent and non-UoF except in self-defense as well as the defense of the mandate must be reviewed so as to be effective in contemporary PKOs
Subject Review: Information Steganography Based on Different Methods
Get PDFToday, huge amounts of information are transmitted over the communication networks, especially via the Internet. Therefore, many individuals are concerned with data security. Various methods were appeared to maintain data security, and the most common of these methods are cryptography. Encryption methods are exposed to many attacks, and if the attacker obtains the key, the data is decrypted, so many algorithms have emerged to hide the information within the multimedia. When the attacker gets the data, he will not suspect that this multimedia may contain other information. Data security may depend on the type of hiding algorithm used and sometimes encryption is used in conjunction with hiding to increase data security. The major aim of this work is reviewing and describing many approaches utilized for hiding data within multimedia and to create a comparison of these methods