International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (IJASRE)
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Subject Review: A Comparison of Using Recycled Rubber as Aggregate in Concrete : Review Article
No full textDue to the growth of the population, waste tires have a significant effect on the environmental issue. Every year, the decomposition of waste tire rubber is rapidly rising. Also, recycle rubber scraps into concrete production the main issue could be decreased. Recycle rubber scraps could be combined in concrete by substituting with fine and/or coarse aggregate. Decreasing the fine and coarse aggregate and preserving these natural materials. Furthermore, recycling the rubber scraps avoids the need for tire landfilling, as one of the main environmental problems of the future. A lot of investigation has suggested the use of alternative materials in concrete production, one such material that has gained a lot of attention is the recycled waste tire rubber. This study investigates of existing efforts of the literature studying recycled rubber scraps used as sand and gravel substituting in concrete production and its effect on numerous concrete characteristics.
Urban and Regional Planning Strategies to Achieve Sustainable Urban Development: (Subject review)
Get PDFSustainable urban planning provides cities with the ability to combat climate change. Integrated urban hubs built to put together residents, events, houses, and green facilities, with convenient walking and cycling connections between them and an almost excellent bus service to the rest of the area. This ensures that everyone has equal access to benefits and facilities with the lowest financial and environmental prices with the most productive and healthy combination of transport types, and with the highest tolerance with damaging occurrences. For long-term sustainability, peace shared prosperity and prosperous, democratic society, inclusive growth is critical. Ideally, communities can create strategies to protect the natural habitat of land use as best as they can. Public developments with multiple bike paths and footpaths parallel to green fields and roads that integrate natural habitats are more effective planning initiatives, increasing the attractiveness and feasibility of mobility alternative steps. Stadt proposals for green parks, wide sidewalks and car-free zones at the city centers would also implement walkable street policies. In integrated development, reduction in urban sprawl has been a critical priority. In terms of geography, bringing the jobs, family and shopping as similar as possible was important. Urban planning, in conjunction with vehicle paths, would rely on omnipresent links both to the public transport and the pedestrian route; therefore, in addition to organized mass transportation, effective modes of travel do not necessarily require automobiles (walking, cycling) remain an option. The optimal city would be exceptionally densely situated, with a variety of environmentally sustainable transit options
A High Efficiency Si-Ge Based Novel Multijunction Solar Cell
Get PDFThis research is focused on a new type of three junction high efficiency solar cell incorporating the promising Si-Ge material as the bottom layer. As a proof of concept, the proposed solar cell has been configured with high quality material of bandgaps 1.9 eV GaInP2 and 1.42 eV GaAs as top and middle subcells and 0.838 eV bandgap new semiconductor material Si0.38Ge0.62 as bottom subcell. The chosen materials for this configuration are lattice matched (5.66 Å) and this matching is beneficial for optical transparency and current conductivity. The short circuit current density (Jsc), reverse saturation current density (J0), open circuit voltage (Voc), voltage (Vm) and current density (Jm) at maximum power point, fill factor (FF) and the photoconversion efficiency (η) for the proposed multijunction solar cell (MJSC) have been determined by using the standard solar cell equations of modified spectral p-n junction model and MATLAB in-house code. The ASTM G173-03 reference spectra have been utilized for the quantitative analysis at airmass AM1.5G global irradiance condition. The conversion efficiency of the GaInP2/GaAs/Si0.38Ge0.62 solar cell has been simulated as 47.1% at AM1.5G under normal sun (1 sun) concentration and 56.4% under 1000 suns concentration
Statistical Modelling of Global Solar Radiation on Horizontal Surface Using Monthly Means Daily Sunshine Hours and Some Climatic Variables for Zamfara State, Nigeria
Get PDFIn this study, four empirical models on the basis of the linear Angstrom- Prescotte model for predicting monthly mean daily global solar radiation on the horizontal surface were developed, correlating solar radiation to climatic parameters of sunshine hours, temperature and relative humidity. The models were used to predict Global solar radiation, an average solar radiation of 16.9690 Mjm-2 day-1 and maximum and a minimum of 19.2647 and 13.5222 C 0 were respectively predicted. For validation and the accuracy of the models, statistical coefficient of determination, R2, mean percentage error, (MPE), mean bias error, (MBE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used. The result showed that, model correlating solar radiation with Sunshine hours, temperature and relative humidity gives the best fit for the study location with R2= 83.89%.
Modelling, Simulation, and Implementing ROS for Autonomous Navigation of Tracked Robot
Get PDFThis paper presents autonomous navigation and its implementation based on Robotic Operating System (ROS) for a non-holonomic autonomous tracked robot, whereas it handles a full design, implementation, dynamic modeling, and kinematic modeling of the robot. This paper applies robot localization using Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (AMCL) which uses a particle filter to track the pose of a robot against a known map. It also uses mapping based on the mapping package. It provides laser-based SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) mapping. The LIDAR is used to create a 2-D occupancy grid map. Path planning is established using the Dijkstra algorithm to plan a path to a goal position, using a persistent map created by the robot during the mapping process. Also, the robot was equipped with a camera module for image processing and detection of different objects for security purposes. The proposed system shows its capability for adaptation to road segments of different curvatures and the transitions between them
Classification Study of Ingested Plastic Particles in Marine Organisms using Electron Microscope: A Case Study of Cameroon Beaches
Get PDFPlastic wastes are non-biodegradable whose fragmentation often leads to the formation of microplastics. These are likely to be ingested by marine organisms with grave consequences to human health. A plastic waste classification study was carried out using (Pseudotolithus sp and E. fimbriata) to determine the quantity and quality of ingested plastic particles. It is on this basis that a laboratory analysis was carried out using an electron microscope. From a qualitative and quantitative point of view, plastic debris ingested by organisms (Pseudotolithus sp and E. fimbriata) was classified into five groups: (a) fishing lines (47%), (b) plastic particles (9%), (c) cord filaments (23%) thongs (13 %), and other particles (8%). The results from this study will certainly enhance policy development where protein from fish is considered the ultimate source for protein for humankind, not forgetting fish pollution which is a common cry to communities that depend on fish for their livelihoods and as an ideal source of protein
Development of Self Speaking Body Weight Scale for Visually Impaired People in Tanzania
Get PDFSpeaking weight scale is an important low vision health aid that measures and announces the measured weight. It is valuable in numerous applications such as Bathroom scale, Kitchen scale, and more. Different talking scales have been developed for the blind community. Many talking scales have language options for English, German, French, or Spanish. However, only limited work exists for Self speaking visually impaired community in EAC given the fact that no talking scale can announce weight in Self which is the common language in EAC. Therefore, this project aims to develop a Self-speaking weighing machine to assist visually impaired people in Tanzania. The developed device is divided into two major parts. On the front end of the design, sensors are used to capture weight parameters. The captured values are mapped onto a sequence of voice patterns. The back-end consists of transferring a sequence of voice patterns to a loudspeaker whereby the voice patterns are stored on an SD card. Finally, the developed device has been evaluated on several objects with known weights. The results show that the developed device accurately measures weight, displays weight, and announces it in the Self language. However, blind people still need assistance from sighted persons to be directed to the scale’s platform. The developed device has great potential as a low vision health aid for Self speakers. Moreover, the features of this device can be further improved by integrating iBeacon technology to increase the autonomy of blind people to use the scale and navigate to the device’s location safely
Analysis on Fundamental of Macroeconomy Factors on Banking Performance and its Implications to Third Party Funds: A Case Study of Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aimed to describe fundamental of macroeconomy, performance of banking and third party funds, analyze impact of fundamental of macroeconomy on bank performance, analyze effect of bank performance to deposit, analyze impact of fundamental of macroeconomy to deposit also analyze effect of fundamental of macroeconomy of third party funds through banking performance. The type of this research is descriptive explanatory that describe causality through hypothesis testing. This study uses 4 banks for 11 years (series) i.e. 2004 to 2014, with combined model of data obtained as many as 132. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and Analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that fundamental of macroeconomy affect bank performance; it does show that every event relating to inflation and BI rate in the real sector will affect banks' performance. Performance of banking industry affects third-party funds. In conditions, interest rates rise, it will suppress growth of third party funds (including assets) of banks, and vice versa if interest rates experienced a declining trend, bank deposits will increase. Fundamental of macroeconomy affect third-party funds
Evaluation of Airborne Particulate Matter in Some Selected Cities in Delta State, Nigeria
Get PDFAir pollution in Nigeria and many other countries all over the world is a big problem of the 21st century caused by globalization and industrialization. Oil exploration in the Niger Delta region, including Delta state, has grossly reduced the quality of air in the region. This research work focused on evaluation of air borne particulate matter in major cities such as Warri, Ughelli, Sapele and Ugbenu in Delta State. This was done to determine their concentrations, impacts of the pollutants, health implications and possible management measures on lives and environment. Particulate matter in air samples were obtained using Casella microDust Pro Aerosol monitoring system and monitored for a period of one year covering both wet and dry seasons. Polyurethane Foam Filter (PUF) gravimetric adapter was used to provide size-selective sampling for PM10 and PM2.5 fractions. The results showed that Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) and Particulate Matter 2.5(PM2.5). ranged between 1.02 – 12.36 mg/m3 (average 5.03 ± 0.38), 0.17 – 10.5 mg/m3 (average 2.13 ± 0.26) and 0.44 – 6.64 mg/m3 (average 2.17 ± 0.20) respectively; clearly exceeded the regulatory limits of Federal Ministry of environment (FMENV) and National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) in both seasons. The study also showed that Matrix (Warri), Amukpe (Sapele) and Ekakpamre (Ughelli) recorded the highest concentration of particulates in the three cities studied. Higher values were obtained in the dry season than the wet season. The correlation of meteorological parameters with TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 shows that only temperature had a weak, but significant, correlation while other parameters did not show any correlation with the concentration of the particulates. The low correlation or absence of correlation between the particulates and meteorological parameters suggests that anthropogenic contributions are significant to their concentration in the study areas. This can be attributed to high level of fuel combustion from motor vehicles, power generation and industrial facilities. The pollution could also be due to dusty industries, windblown dust, crushing and grinding operations. Ugbenu, the control location also recorded high level of particulates; this is due to residential fireplace, wood stoves, unsuspended dust from untarred road, bush burning and windblown dust predominant in the area
Assessment of integrating Environmental Factors into Healthcare Models for Enhancing Timely Epidemics Analysis: A Case study of Cholera in Dar es Salaam – Tanzania
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to assess the perspectives of users on the feasibility of using an integrated environmental factors-based healthcare model to enhance timely cholera epidemics analysis in Tanzania. The study used a mixed-design approach of quantitative and qualitative methods with focus group discussion and interviewer-administered questionnaires. Participants or users included; medical and epidemiological experts, environmental experts, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) experts, and cholera patients from Ilala, Ubungo, Kigamboni, Temeke, and Kinondoni districts in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In the process, a total of 500 interviews were conducted, consisting of 200 medical experts, 50 environmental experts, 50 ICT experts, and 200 cholera patients, with an average age of 28 years old, and at 3:2 female to male ratio. Overall, our findings showed that Health and Environmental Integrated Modelled Systems (HEIMs) interventions are acceptable, feasible, and capable in assisting timely analysis towards effective prediction and eradication of epidemics such as; cholera outbreaks at 79% acceptability, 90% aid-value and 69% awareness levels. Despite, the high acceptability level, participants also highlighted barriers of the model, such as; sustainability and operation costs, which need to be addressed. These findings confirm that the program of HEIMS is of high potential towards enhancing timely cholera analysis, clear public health significance, and relevant to policy-makers, government, society, and related stakeholders at large. Therefore, the study, recommends that there is a need for all these organs to work together towards clearing all obstacles in order to achieve the intended goal of the HEIMs program