International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (IJASRE)
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Automatic Escaped Animal Detection and Monitoring System. Case study: Volcanoes National Park (VNP) In Rwanda
Get PDFThe results have been shown that the people especially farmers living at the edge of Volcanoes National Park (VNP) practiced agricultural business due to the fertile soil found in the region. The rising number of agronomies in the zone, number of tourists, and illegal forest users such as poaching, and deforestation cause wild animals to get out of their habitats. Therefore, forest animals present a likely risk to damage crops whenever they get out of the forest. The current systems such as “Buffer Wall also known as wall of stones” was manually operated; electric fence systems resulted in death and pain to wild animals. Due to the development of automatic systems for detecting and monitoring all moving wild animals and intruders, it was stated that using automation at Buffer wall could be helpful for both wild animals and farmers keeping safe. The objectives of developing an Automatic Escaped Animal Detection and Monitoring System were to reduce the probability of crop raids, death and injuries between wild animals and farmers, warning the wild animals through the use of buzzer, speaker with a recorder voice of lion and block of LEDs to remain in their habitats and the notifications sent to the park officials related to the wild animals getting out of the forest. This system should primarily use sensing devices to detect and monitor their presence. The specialty of this technological system developed was to automate manual and improve the current systems by using Arduino NANO Microcontroller to execute system’s operations, GPS NEO 6M for locating moving wild animal, Ultrasonic sensor for detecting wildlife and calculating its speed, PIR sensor to detect intruders, GSM SIM900 to notify park rangers, reduction of crop raiding, and finally reducing the death and pain of wild animals caused by the current systems
Design and analysis of Analytical Model of an Archimedes Screw Turbine
Get PDFFor centuries, Archimedean screws have been used to pump water, but mainly for that purpose. In recent decades, there has looked to be an increase in interest in using them as hydro turbines to produce electricity. While Archimedean screws are highly adapted that are used as pumps, research is currently being conducted to determine the characteristics that provide the highest performance when used as turbines. This study provides a simple but effective method for designing an Archimedean screw that may be used as a turbine. The methods for estimating the screw's outer diameter and efficiency are the most essential ones implemented in this study. The optimum of the power produced is the requirement applied for determining diameter. The diameter must be calculated by estimating the volume of the water buckets that develop between the screw blades. Although an analytical formula for this volume is nearly hard to discover, a rough approximation may be easily found. This preliminary estimate is then corrected using regression of data from turbines that are already operating at high efficiency. Finally, the rotational speed is then calculated depending on whether the rated discharge can pass through the turbine at the specified speed
Development of a Model for the Prediction of Diabetes Using Data Mining Technology
Get PDFOne of the most powerful technologies which are of high interest in the computer world is data mining. However, it is a comparatively new field of research whose major objective is to acquire knowledge from huge amounts of data. The motive of this study is to design a model which can forecast the likelihood of diabetes in patients with maximum accuracy. Therefore two main machine learning classification algorithms namely Decision Tree and Naive Bayes are used in this experiment to detect diabetes at an early stage. Experiments are performed on Pima Indians Diabetes Database [PIDD] which is sourced from the UCI machine learning repository. The performances of the two algorithms are evaluated on various measures like Precision, Accuracy, F-Measure, and Recall. Accuracy is measured over correctly and incorrectly classified instances. The filtering is done by comparing the group value to the class value followed by applying the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm for predicting diabetes. Significant attribute selection was done via the principal component analysis method. Results obtained show Naive Bayes outperforms with the highest accuracy of 76.30% compared to the decision tree which has 73.82%
Development and Application of Chitosan Extracted from Crab Shell for Water Purification
Get PDFThe properties of chitosan enable it to attach itself to a variety of organic contaminants (bacteria, algae, urea and sweat), minerals metals and oils. Chitosan, therefore, drastically increases the effectiveness of filtration systems, being sand or decent ridges which normally cannot capture fine particles and dissolved pollutants. Crab shell was collected from Rivers State in the southern part of Nigeria and characterized using XRF and Chitosan was extracted from it using the conventional method of pretreatment, demineralization, HCl deproteinization and NaOH deacetylation and also the chitosan was characterized using XRF, SEM, and FTIR. Results obtained from XRF show that CaO is in a high percentage of 88.74%, CeO2 in low percent of 0.01% and Al2O3 0f 2.2% in crab shell after the Chitosan characterized Al2O3 increases to 7.7% while CaO decreases to 85.49%. The FTIR spectra of the chitosan gave characteristic bands 0f 3433.41 cm-1 for –NH2 and 1647. 41cm-1 for the carbonyl group and the SEM shows nonsmooth space in the morphology of the chitosan indicating a high degree of deacetylation. The prepared chitosan was used at different dosages and contact times in Gubi Dam raw water treatment some physical, chemical, and microbial properties of the water were analyzed before and after purification and was found to be a good coagulant/ flocculant aid and disinfectant
Experimental Determination of Physical Properties of a Sun Dried Clay Bricks with Cement and Ashes
Get PDFThe rising cost of cement and the problem of waste disposal with regard to coconut and rice husks lead to research on a clay brick with good physical properties that can replace cement brick and at the same time keep our environment clean. In line with this, bricks were molded with clay, cement, rice husk ash, and coconut husk ash. The bricks were analyzed to determine their physical properties. In this study, a set of tables for mixing the proportion of raw material in grams with 33.3 cm3 of water, the table involved the addition of a certain additive to clay to improve the physical properties of adobe bricks developed. Five bricks were constructed for seventeen samples that give a total of 85 bricks which were tested in the laboratory for physical properties. The results shows that the bricks constructed with clay mixed with cement and coconut husk ash has the highest compressive strength of 4270.0 x 10-3 Nmm-2 and a modulus of rupture of 1750.0 x 10-2 Nmm2. The bricks constructed with clay, cement and rice husk ash and bricks of clay mixed with cement and rice husk ash and coconut husk ash both are having the highest water absorption of 1000 cm3. This result indicated that the brick molded with clay, cement and coconut husk ash is stronger for building that can stay for many years without collapsing. Also, it indicated that the bricks molded with clay, and coconut husk ash were good for the low heat conduction in the houses. And also bricks constructed with clay, cement, rice husk ash and coconut husk ash has low weight and can be used for the construction of lightweight houses
Development of Home-Based Smart Ugali Cooker for Domestic Application
Get PDFAn ordinary house has several chores that need to be done daily or for some days every week. It starts with house cleaning, laundry, kitchen-related chores, and family upkeep. These are works carried out by women in most cases and in most families. However, with the advances, changes, and evolutions being observed in our societies, the case is changing worldwide. Equality in engagement in education and production has brought a balance in such duties which are now carried out by both men and women, from one perspective. On the other perspective, women carry fewer house chores being engaged in other socio-economic activities. Most families and schools in Tanzania and Africa at large take posho (ugali) as a staple food. The whole process of preparing ugali is complex and time-consuming yet other house chores need attention as well. This has increased the need to simplify several house chores since individuals need less contact time with house-oriented activities, and need increased efficiency while putting more focus on other production activities. The development of a home-based smart ugali cooker is rather a needed contribution to the bigger environment of house automation and smart homes. The Home-Based Smart Ugali Cooker is an embedded machine created with the sole aim of easing the process of ugali cooking in households. The machine is created focusing on the smartness of the system, automation, kitchen fitting, neatness, and user-friendliness. This paper illustrates the operations of a home-based smart ugali cooker, which is an embedded system, as well as different components used in creating it. It also explains the advantages it has over the ordinary processes used in preparing ugali and the way forward
pH Dependence of Cyanogen Potentials of Fresh and Fermented Palm Wine using Cyanomethemoglobin Complex
Get PDFThe cyanogen potentials of local wines (fermented and unfermented palm wine) and the effect of pH (5.6-9.0) on the samples was determined using cyanomethemoglobin complex method. A total of 108 test samples were analyzed and the hydrogen cyanide content was found to vary considerably from 0.0583±0.0030 mg/L to 0.2488±0.0015 mg/L. Fresh palm wine was found to have the highest cyanogen potential with mean concentration of 0.2488±0.0015 mg/L at pH of 6.8. The highest mean concentration of cyanogen potential found in this study (0.2488±0.0015 mg/L) is lower than the recommended WHO and ISO standard (10mg/kg; 0.5-3.5 mg/kg body weight) and thus the samples may be consumed without the risk of cyanide poisoning
Quality Assessment of high energy biscuits Served in School Feeding Programme in Poverty-Prone Areas in Bangladesh
Get PDFThis work purposes to examine the quality of industrially treated fortified high energy biscuits in Bangladesh as served in schools in poverty-prone areas in Bangladesh. Datasets were collected from the Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka. These are collected with the method of Single Stage Cluster Sampling. The sample referred to as Fortified High Energy Biscuit was subjected to laboratory test of the level of some qualitative parameters such as moisture, protein, fat, sugar, carbohydrate, vitamin A, Iron, etc. This data complies with the World Food Programme (WFP) standard in the framework of predictive and classification tools. In this research, we considered a 306 dataset from a previously physiochemical analysis of high energy biscuits in IFST, BCSIR, Dhaka. Several regression techniques were considered multivariate linear regression, and binary logistic regression. The logistic regression gives stronger results in terms of the interpretation, outperforming the linear regression as well as other models. Such models are useful for biscuits quality evaluation and improving biscuits production. Furthermore, similar techniques can help in the quality testing of different food products
Study of the use of Infiltration Wells in the Drainage System in the Town Square Area:A Case Study of Town SquareArea, Jember Regency, Indonesia
Get PDFThe town square in Jember Regency is one of the attractions located on the National Road of Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia, the condition of the land surface is relatively flat, so an environmentally friendly drainage design is needed without burdening the surrounding area. Therefore, to overcome this, one of the steps that need to be taken is to examine the use of infiltration wells to prevent waterlogging in the city square area. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the flood discharge that occurred in the town square area in Jember Regency was 0.056 m³/sec. Infiltration wells with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of 5 m were used in as many as 32 pieces. The drainage channel used is a rectangular shape measuring 30 x 30 cm. It is recommended that garbage cleaning be carried out in the Jember Regency town square area, both in general and especially in the canal so that the garbage does not clog the flow of water in each channel. Further research is needed to apply other types of drainage to cope with flooding in the area and other important areas
Study on the Doping Effect Cr-doped Fe Metal Powder and Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spur Gear Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy
Get PDFWe fabricated mechanical parts of the automotive machines by using Cr-doped the Fe metal powder. We used water as a binder and used a mechanical press for compaction of about 20 ton/in2 followed by non-reactive sintering at 1100 oC. Cr doped Fe metal powder was prepared in the form of GC with percentage values of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%. The Cr element has been successfully distributed into the main ferrite or Fe phase. However, there is a difference when the Cr percentage is 2%, it is possible that saturation will occur which results in the accumulation of Cr powder so that a new phase is formed which gives rise to new granules. We can confirm that there is a certain limit in the addition of the element Cr in the manufacture of gears made from Fe powder. Based on the calculation, the average number of the Vickers microhardness as a function of Cr content of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% respectively were estimated at about 131, 184, 291, 302, and 270 HV/0.01, respectively. Furthermore, four samples with different sintering temperatures were prepared for comparative purposes. The shrinkage ratio of the GC after sintering at 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 oC was estimated to be 4.3, 5.7, 7.6, and 9.4%, respectively. The shrinkage ratio of the GC increased linearly when the sintering temperature increased. Sintering temperature variations produce differences in the microstructure of each sample. With the increase of the sintering temperatures, the grains will reach a permanent bond because the constituent particles are fully agglomerate. As a result, grain boundaries between particles will decrease causing the dimensions of the product to shrink so that its density increases. Theoretically, the density value is inversely proportional to porosity. The higher the density value of a product, the lower the porosity value. Increasing the sintering temperature could lead to the appearance of a liquid and the healing of pores. The hardness value and the shrinkage ratio increased with the sintering temperature increased from 900 to 1200 oC. The hardness value increased from 297 to 305 HV/0.01, as the sintering temperature increased from 900 to 1200 oC