UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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آخر شب كے ہم سفر
No full textThis article is about Qurrat-ul-Ain Haider’s feminine characters of Novel . آخر شب کے ہمسفر She is a renowned, outstanding, substantial and feminist literary writer of Urdu literature. She is known for her exceptional work in the world of modern fiction. She was the first novelist of Urdu who firstly preferred to live a imaginative life of her novel’s characters and then put them in writings. In this novel she portrayed all the female characters absolutely in perfect manner to great extent.She showed gender inequality and deprivation among women. She unfolded the situation of women of sub continent. She also rejected gender stereotypes through her writings. This article will show that how the all female characters showed their courage, maturity, patience and how they fought with the bitter realities of life, portrays Women as independent creation who is well educated, intellectual, learner and also traditional at the same time.She revealed Women’s helplessness, seclusion, subjugation to man made rules and portray their everlasting sufferings in a very touching manner
Evidence-Based Librarianship in E-Resources Acquisition Decision: Construct Validity and Reliability of Instrument
No full textThis paper reports on the assessment of construct validity and reliability of an instrument used to measure librarians' adoption and implementation of Evidence-based Librarianship (EBL) in the acquisition decision of electronic resources. The instrument is developed based on well-established theories/models of Technology Organization and Environment (TOE), Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), and a Concern-based Adoption Model (CBAM) with a newly added construct, user needs, and preferences. The instrument was evaluated using the Partial Least Squares (SMART- PLS) software applications using structural equation modelling (SEM) to determine its validity and reliability through) analysis of the measurement model (outer model) and ii) analysis of the structural model (inner model). A total of 278 participants were identified from the 1040 research population. This research applied probability sampling using proportionate stratified techniques to gather responses from librarians in library and information center management. The results of both analyses indicated that the construct validity and reliability of the instrument were acceptable and moderate, respectively. The internal consistency reported a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.718 to 0.956, composite reliability of 0.70 and 0.90, average variance extracted value above 0.50. The model prediction accuracy and relevancy revealed R2 (adoption: 0.300, implementation 0.399) and Q2 (adoption 0.213, implementation 0.227), which were acceptable and moderate, respectively. The model has also been reported to be free from collinearity issues. Thus, the instrument is ready for use in e-resource and evidence-based library acquisition research
Information Seeking on the Web: An Empirical Analysis
No full textIn the post-internet era, the Web has become a conventional Medium for information seeking. Due to the pervasive role of the web in information seeking many scholars have studied its different aspects. The purpose of this study is to further extend the scope of information seeking research by examining the role of the characteristics of the Web (e.g., ease of navigation, ease of searching), properties of information (e.g., organization of information, quality of information, amount of information), and demographic factors in information seeking on the Web. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from participants at a regional university. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used to analyze the responses. Notable impact of demographics such as gender and age was found in the use of the Web for information seeking. Specifically, it was found that females used the Web for information surfing more than the male participants and also preferred more the availability of information in different media formats. Age was found to be a significant influencer in terms of the importance placed on properties of information (e.g., quality of information) and characterizes of the Web (e.g., ease of search). Contrary to the common perceptions, it was found that as knowledge about computers increased the importance placed on convenience in finding information on the Web decreased. Authoritative offline information sources were still considered highly important in information seeking. The findings of this study will inform research on information seeking and will help information professionals to better facilitate users' seeking of information on the Web
Myxomycetes (Myxogastria) of Türkiye: A checklist 2023
Get PDFIn this study, 309 myxomycete species reported so far in Türkiye are listed. Previously, in the checklist published in 2019, 286 species were reported. With the addition of new records and the removal of synonyms, the number of species have reached to 309 today. These species belong to 5 orders, 12 families and 45 genera. Physarida and Physarum are the largest order and genus, respectively, containing the highest number of species. Türkiye is not poor in terms of myxobiota. However, studies on Myxomycetes in this country are still insufficient
How does brand promotion on special occasions impact consumer purchasing behavior?
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to examine the methods used by brands to market their products during special occasions and analyze the influence of these promotional strategies on consumer buying patterns. To accomplish this, brands employ a range of promotional tactics during significant events like Independence Day, Mother's Day, New Year's Resolution Day, Blessed Friday, Eid, and others to boost sales and outperform their competitors. The study employed the AIDA model as the research instrument and gathered data through surveys. The findings suggest that promotional activities conducted by brands during special occasions have a favorable impact on consumer buying behavior, resulting in heightened sales. Consumers are enticed by various discount offers provided by different brands in the market
Assessing Students’ Expectations and Perceptions Gaps Regarding Service Quality of Business Schools Using SERVQUAL Model: A Comparative Study of a Public and Private Sector Business School in Pakistan Context
No full textThis research study compares and explores students’ perceptions (P), expectations (E), and quality gaps (QG) regarding service quality (SQ) of a public and private business school of Pakistan using SERVQUAL. Other objectives also included investigating the impact of demographic factors upon the students’ perceptions, institutional difference, and test the validity of SERVQUAL in Pakistan context. Using Random sampling technique, data was obtained from 190 respondents (students) from both B-schools through a structured instrument. A sample of 190 respondents including 100 respondents from Public B-school and 90 from private B-school was selected for this study. Cross Sectional Study design and structured SERVQUAL questionnaire was used to get feedback from respondents across five dimensions (regarding E and P) of SQ. Using Quantitative approach, data was analyzed through SPSS 23.0 by applying descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed overall negative QG in public and private B-school with mean scores of -0.48 and -0.42 respectively and gap was also negative in 5 SERVQUAL dimensions. In public B-school, highest negative gap was reported in responsiveness (-0.63); followed by empathy (-0.62); reliability (-0.41); tangibles (-0.38); and assurance (-0.34). Similarly, in private B-school, highest gap was reported in empathy (-0.63); followed by responsiveness (-0.51); reliability (-0.50); assurance (-0.25); and tangibles (-0.23). Paired t-test results reported statistically significant difference between students’ P and E of SQ dimensions in both B-schools. The study findings revealed that students’ P are lower than their E resulting in QG and dissatisfaction. Hypothesis testing reported statistically no significant difference in terms of gender and qualification groups. Results also reported statistically significant institutional difference. As students’ P and E scores in private B-school were higher than public B-school. It was also concluded that SERVQUAL can be applied for quality assessment, gap analysis, and identification of problem areas (critical quality dimensions) in B-schools of Pakistan as findings supported previous study results. Findings of this study can guide management/policymakers of Business schools to improve quality and allocate resources based upon identified problem areas/gaps in SQ dimensions. Key Words: Service Quality, Expectations, Perceptions, Quality Gap, SERVQUAL, Business School
HEARTSTRINGS AT WORK: EXPLORING CATALYSTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT
Get PDFAffective employee commitment, also known as organizational commitment, refers to the loyalty and emotional attachment that workers feel towards their employer. It reflects the extent to which employees align themselves with the organization's objectives and values and are willing to go above and beyond to contribute to its success. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of affective employee commitment by examining the factors or antecedents that significantly influence it. Additionally, the study explores the positive outcomes that stem from the establishment of affective employee commitment. Building upon previous research, this article carefully examines the relationship between various variables and affective employee commitment. The findings shed light on the causes and outcomes of affective employee commitment, highlighting its significance in achieving desirable outcomes for the organization. The top management of organizations is encouraged to foster an environment where employees feel a strong sense of belonging to their workplace, as this can result in numerous advantageous outcomes.Keywords: Affective employee commitment; Antecedents; Consequenceshttps://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.39 
Stabilizing Disarray in the Muslim World: Turkey and the European Union
No full textThis study focuses on the growth of transnational forces and increased globalinterdependence in the Post-Cold War period, posing serious challenges toconservative regimes in the Middle East – manifested by popular uprisings foreconomic and political change, beginning 2010 in Tunisia. Since then the Arabstates of Middle East are in turmoil. The situation has become complex due tothe presence of Al-Qaeda network and ISIS (‘Islamic’ State of Iraq and Syria)radicals in the Middle East and Mediterranean region. Such non state extremists groups are a collective threat to future Europe also. On the other hand various countries of the Middle East and gulf region, have been engaged in waging the proxy wars against each other in order to achieve their specific objectives. Geographically, historically and politically Turkey has been a bridge between Middle East and Europe. The underlying assumption of this study establishes Turkey’s matured foreign policy not only as a model for struggling states of the Muslim World but holds keys to emerging threats to Europe. The study explores possibilities of Turkey to be central player not only for the resolution of regional issues but also as an active player at the global level
The US Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations: New Dimensions
No full textPakistan-Iran relations have been complex and uncertain due to United Statestremendous influence since 9/11. National interest remains a dominant factor to form the core of bilateral ties between the states. The change of governments in these states resulted in to reassess the foreign policy which gave a new dimension to the suspected and hostile relations between both the Muslim States which successfully undermined the United States hegemonic pressure. This paper is an attempt to explore Pakistan’s foreign policy towards Iran after Musharraf Presidency till now and the factors due to which it deterred and challenged the US influence
Growth responses of ectomycorrhizal isolates on two synthetic culture media
Get PDFThirty-three different ectomycorrhizae isolated from rhizosphere of 12 tree species have been tested for in vitro isolation on MMN and MEA synthetic media. Out of these, twenty-seven mycorrhizae have successfully been cultured on MMN and MEA media. Six ectomycorrhizae did not show any response on MEA medium. Successful isolation of most of the ectomycorrhizal species on both media show their non specificity for nutrients. Six species, that show no response on any of the media, due to the nonavailability of particular nutrients in the medium. These ectomycorrhizal isolates have been tested for their growth, culture and hyphal characteristics so as to select the most suitable species having rapid growth rate in synthetic media