UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Effects of Watching Political Talk Shows on Political Efficacy and Political Participation
No full textPolitical talk shows are considered important towards influencing politicalopinions and views of public. This paper examines political talk shows telecaston news channels of Pakistan. It has been examined whether a relationshipexists between exposure to talk shows with political efficacy and politicalparticipation. For this purpose, a survey has been conducted amongstrespondents having various demographics. Results indicate that exposure totalk shows positively influences the level of individual political efficacy andparticipation. Furthermore, various demographic factors have been foundsignificant towards the relationship of talk shows consumers with politicalefficacy and political participation
China’s Role and the Potential of Pak-China Cooperation in Regional Organizations
No full textThe paper attempts to analyze China’s role in various regional organizations andpotential cooperation between China and Pakistan within these forums. SAARC, SCO, OIC, Heart of Asia-Istanbul Peace Process, APEC, CICA and Boao Forum have been selected here for analysis. Pakistan is one of the founding members of SAARC and China has an observer status. Pakistan supports Chinese membership in SAARC to reduce Indian role and hegemony. China wants to have easy access to Indian Ocean, Middle East and influence in South Asia, for which India is the biggest hurdle. In SCO, China is the founding member while Pakistan joined it as observer in 2005 and as a member in 2015. Combating terrorism, extremism and separatism and to enhance the trade opportunities, stability in neighborhood and energy security are the common objectives of the two states in SCO. Pakistan, being a founding member in OIC, has always played an active and dynamic role for the cause of Muslims. Pakistan wants China to have greater role in OIC where the later showed interest for observer status in 2012. Chinese interest in Muslim states, particularly in Middle East and Central Asia, is triggered by the energy hunt and growing posture of these regions in contemporary world politics. Pakistan can play a bridge role, not onlygeographically, but also ideologically and culturally, to bring these states closer to China. China and Pakistan are increasing their cooperation in the Heart of AsiaIstanbul Process on Afghanistan, APEC, CICA and Boao Forum for Asia, as well. The paper concludes that both states share similar views on all bilateral and multilateral issues, support each other’s position, and enhancing their cooperation in regional organizations and multilateral forums
Curriculum and Political Socialization: a Case Study of Secondary Schools in Pakistan
Get PDFThe political socialization is considered significant for the real democracy which isfurther well thought-out a key to the progress and prosperity of a country. In this study, efforts are made to determine the extent of political knowledge incorporated in the compulsory subjects taught at secondary level. The study was qualitative as well as quantitative in design. The content analysis of the eight compulsory books being taught at secondary level was carried out. In quantitative approach, survey research design was used. Data were collected from 828 Secondary School Teachers (SSTs) by a self-developed Likert Scale to validate the results of the content analysis. The reliability of the tool was determined by computing the value of Alpha coefficient that was 0.91. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that neither the curricula nor the teachers were developing the sense of political socialization among the students. It is suggested that a wide range of topics on basic political knowledge should be incorporated in the present curricula. A teacher training mechanism should also be introduced and made functional through which the teachers themselves got interested in developing political socialization among the students
Emerging Security Challenges to Pakistan in the Modern Age of Globalization
Get PDFThe redistribution of power from the West to the East and the North to the South has resulted in the promotion of multi-polarization. It has accelerated globalization and technological growth, and has also promoted the integration and fragmentation of free flow of goods, finance, people, and ideas. At the time of the birth of Pakistan, there was no radicalism and terrorism in the country. Pakistan is located at such a crucial point on the map of the world because of which it has faced a lot of security problems. Pakistan paid a heavy price for involvement in the "9/11" US-Afghanistan war. The new wave of terrorism in the country compelled the government to change its foreign policy and bring new changes in the security structure of the state. There is political instability in the country and the civil–military leadership is not on the same page. Moreover, Pakistan requires a strong counter terrorism strategy and there is a dire need toreinterpret its security policy
Theoretical Conceptualization of Migration-Security Nexus in International Relations Theory
Get PDFIn international relations discourse on security studies, migration was historically marginalized as an area of investigation. It was in the Post-Cold war scenario, that security framing of migration gained major significance. It became a permanent issue of high politics in the aftermath of 9/11. Migration-security nexus is a conceptual framework which helps in the exploration, identification, description and interpretation of security framing of migration in Internationalrelations discourse on security studies. Securitization theory, provided by Copenhagen school of international security studies, provide the suitable theoretical edifice to theoretical conceptualize the conceptual framework of migration-security nexus in International relations theory. This paper is an attempt to establish and explain the theoretical conceptualization of migrationsecurity nexus with the help of securitization theory
Political Satire & ‘Brazen Censorship’: Cartooning, Pakistan-US-India Political Ties & Government Backlash
Get PDFPopular discourses assume that in the world of political cartooning, nothing is too sensitive and too outrageous; they can intimidate and instigate the powerful stakeholder of a country. Political cartoonists have capacity to criticize and comment on serious political matters and raise voices of general public but it is only possible if their political system provide freedom to them to play withtheir pens and brushes. This study primarily aims at drawing the attention to the point that how the dynamics of free speech and freedom to political cartooning in Pakistan have been changed with the same patterns of depiction of the United States-Pakistan-India relationships in different political eras and state foreign policies of the county. Therefore, political cartoons from three highest circulated newspapers (The News, Dawn and Nation) were selected from post-Cold war (January 1991) to March 2020. Political cartoons only related to Pakistan-United States-India political ties were analyzed under the Barthes’ model for Semiotic
A study of Institutional Federalism in Pakistan (2008-2013)
Get PDFHistory of federalism in Pakistan experienced many ups and downs. It travelled a journey from political centralization to deep tendency of regionalism and towards the emancipation of institutional design of federalism during 2008-2013. The present study deals with the trend and development of federalism in an institutional way. The formative touchstone of the study reveals the tendency of institutionalism in the structure of federalism in Pakistan during previous five years. The structure of governance resolves the issues between the centre and the provinces and provided a political platform for political parties and leadership in dealing with the challenges of governance in Pakistan. The study finds that the institutional principles of federalism in Pakistan are required to resolve the problems of governance
Reproducing Kernel for Neumann Boundary Conditions
No full textWe investigate a kernel space which is a particular class ofHilbert space. We discuss various properties of the reproducing kernel. Inparticular, our aim to construct kernel in reproducing space of the specificfunction space (Sobolev space) with the inner product and norm. Also, wederive the reproducing kernel for Neumann boundary condition
Development of Shipping Sector in Pakistan: Options and Proposed Strategy
No full textWith the dawn of the modern era the leading nations of the world haverealized that with increasingly shrinking rate of land resources focus needs tobe laid towards exploiting maritime resources as an equal alternative. In thisregard the developed modern nations of the world have built considerableinfrastructure to fully accrue the benefits which lay in the uncharted marinesector. The geographical location of Pakistan is such that it intersects the sealines of communication (SLOCs) immerging from the three main choke pointsin the Indian Ocean i.e. Strait of Melaka, Strait of Hormuz and Red Sea.Pakistan can take advantage of its location by developing maritimeinfrastructure all along its coast. Owing to land fixated mindset, Pakistan isalready late in realising the true potential of its huge maritime sector and theprogress in this field has been deemed slow. However after the manifestationof China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) with a cost of US$ 46 Billioncontract linking Gwadar port with western China there is a realization ofdeveloping the maritime sector of Pakistan. Although Karachi shipyard is onthe road to recovery and has started making profit with recently receivedorders from Pakistan Navy, Karachi Port Trust and Pakistan Maritime SecurityAgency for Ship Construction, still there is a need for viable economic reforms.It appears that the Pakistan Ship breaking Industry is in shambles workingwithout safety and health security. The recent incident of accidental fire on 1stNov 2016 at Gadani dictates that entire industry needs to be restructured onmodern lines. The current state of affairs of Pakistan National ShippingCorporation can be judged by the fact that a fleet of only nine ships is beingmaintained which presently only lifts five percent of the national cargo.Keeping in view the depleting state of maritime relating organizations it isrecommended that Pakistan Merchant Marine Policy be revised to meet thechallenges of the prevailing scenario
Pakistan’s Search for Security through Reliable Balance of Power and Nuclear Weapons
No full textAt the time of independence Pakistan faced severe insecurity emanating from afractured geography, non-existent constitutional framework, weak economy, andmilitary capability in the face of an overwhelmingly powerful and hostile India. Thepaper explores Pakistan’s efforts for establishing a reliable balance of power withIndia first by joining the collective security later supplementing it by joining alliances. It argues that the secession of East Pakistan was the turning point establishing the unreliability of the erstwhile basis of balance of power, leading Pakistan to the development of nuclear weapons as a reliable basis for a Pakistan-India balance of power while retaining the earlier two bases