UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Major Trends and Policies in Pakistan’s Energy Sector Management
No full textEnergy sector in Pakistan is facing disastrous decline from almost one decade. There are multiple reasons behind this phenomenon. In order to find out genuine causes of this decline and workable solution it is dire need to hold a comprehensive study of three aspects of energy sector; energy generation, energy management and issues and problems in overall energy sector. The underlying purpose of this article is to bring out not only the causes of energy sector’s dilapidation but also suggest some workable solutions as well
Effect of gibberellin on in vitro growth and biomass production of some soil fungi
Get PDFEffect of different concentrations of Gibberellin was studied on growth of four species of soil fungi namely, Aspergillus oryzae, A. terreus, A. niger and Alternaria alternata. The hormone was applied singly in various concentrations. Increased growth rate and biomass production revealed significant values when treated with dilute solutions of Gibberellin at 15, 30 and 45 mgL-1 except A. terreus. Fresh weights and dry weight values were observed appreciably high when Aspergillus terreus was treated with 60 mgL-1 concentration of the hormone solution. The data on fresh and dry biomass revealed that the highest biomass increase was obtained for Alternaria alternata. Fresh biomass of Alternaria alternata showed 75% increase when treated with 45 mgL-1 concentration of hormone solution in comparison to control, whereas an increase of 77.8% was obtained in the case of dry weight. At 60 mgL-1,a significant fresh biomass suppression of 16.3% and 7.43% was observed for Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus oryzae, respectively. The highest loss for dry biomass was noticed in Alternaria alternata (33.33%)
The Novels Of Syed Muhammad Ashraf and Ecological Discourse
No full textEcocriticism is geo-centered philosophy which examines environmental changes and its effects on literature. The novel gives special place to environment in its vast canvas. Syed Muhammad Ashraf is considered among the great fiction writers of Urdu. The setting of his novels is mostly rural. In them, the presentation of the environment and its related elements are seen indirectly. In his novels there is an unconscious deep connection with his surroundings. Animals and birds form an integral part of his fictions. In his fiction, flora and fauna play an important role in the development of the story. Natural environment and environmental elements are unique features of the fiction of Syed Muhammad Ashraf
Letters of Farman Fatehpuri to Syed Moeenur Rahman
No full textIn Rakmah's article, linguist-researcher. Critic - lexicographer and educationist Dr. Farman Fatehpuri with a brief introduction, 12 letters with footnotes are included. These letters are named after the educationist, researcher, editor and expert of Ghalibyat Dr. Syed Moeenur Rahman. These letters are in the family of Dr. SyedMoeenur Rahman. It will be correct to say that Dr. Farman Fathpuri and Dr. Syed Moeenur Rahman's long-standing relationship is 40 years old. Along with academic and literary topics, personal relationships are also written in the letters. This article will help the readers to understand the entire literary situation of the era of literature.Key Words: Farman Fatehpuri, Syed Moeenur Rahman, Urdu letters, literary topics
Comparison of Instructional Management Practices of Private and Public School Principals
Get PDFAbstract Instructional management is procedures of decision making to start a particular activity for students. The study was opted to match the instructional management practices of public and private school head teachers. Research questions were (i) what are the instructional management practices of head teachers in public and private schools? (ii) is there any difference of instructional management practices between private and private school head teachers? Survey method was used for data collection from the population of all the principals of private and public schools of Sargodha city, a sample of 100 principals 50 of public and 50 of private secondary schools were selected conveniently. An adapted questionnaire “Principals Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS)” by Hallinger, & Wang (2013) open access and permitted was used. Data collected through self-approach were analyzed through SPSS version 22. Major findings were that majority of the Principals of private schools are using better instructional management practices than the Principals of public schools. It is recommended that Principals of public school should be given motivational training to put maximum for instruction to compete the private schools
Determining the Effect of Students’ Leadership and Self-Efficacious Beliefs on Institutional Driving Commitment: Integrating and Moving Forward
Get PDFStudents’ leadership is confidence and the symbols of dedication and commitment to strive and embrace the complicatedness with buoyancy attitudes and behavioral modification. The aspect of institutional commitment, utilization, progress, and development through resources at the exact place is the ultimate purpose of student leadership. Student leadership is applicable in public sector educational institutions in terms of “class monitors” that play alternate roles of their teachers due to overcrowded classrooms and a staff shortage. The current research attempted to ramify the exact students’ leadership and self-efficacious potential used to enhance institutional commitment about classrooms’ first, second, and third monitor on a sample of 702 students: 351 male and 351 female randomly selected from District Lahore. The standardized instrument assists the researchers to collect the data from elementary students; classroom monitors, and three leaders/monitors from each eighth class. The results of the regression analysis technique reported that only 23.20% of students’ leadership and 39% of students’ self-efficacious beliefs have affected institutional commitment. The study recommends that the School Education Department concentrates on students’ leadership and self-efficacious beliefs for the smooth running of schools focusing on their institutional commitment. Moreover, the current study recommends that focusing on students’ choices, quoting examples of successful personalities, teachers’ conduct of collaborative activities, assigning encouraging tasks, and arranging workshops among students are important aspects that entirely change students’ level of commitment
Problems Identified by Elementary School Science Teachers Using Assessment Techniques in Lahore Division
Get PDFThe objectives of this study are to identify the challenges encountered by elementary school science teachers when applying assessment methodologies in the Lahore division and propose feasible ideas to enhance the present assessment system. A qualitative survey was carried out following the Naturalistic philosophical research paradigm. Population for this study consisted of female elementary school teachers while the sample included 18 teachers. A semi-structured interview was developed to collect the data. While thematic analysis was used to analyze it. Mock interviews were used to establish the instrument's dependability and validity was reviewed by four specialists. Major findings were: majority of teachers mentioned issues connected to a limited budget, a lengthy curriculum, overcrowded classrooms, pressure to complete the syllabus in limited time, lack of infrastructure to undertake science practicals and employ various evaluation techniques to boost student learning. It is suggested that the government should offer scientific facilities and additional backing to every government sector primary school for science experiments and enhance/update the paper design for the Punjab Examination Commission for grade VIII
The New Trends in Literature Review and Urdu Thesis Writing: A Critical Overview
No full text Abstract From the vantage of the doctoral research carried out in 11 Pakistani universities in Urdu language and literature between the years c.2000 and 2021, which can also be accessed from the Pakistan Research Repository, the study sought to examine to what extent the country’s doctoral supervisors and Ph.D. candidates have been having able to benefit from advancement in the field of literature review and incorporate the emerging trends in the field? However, the critical examination of the Table of Contents (TOCs) and Introductions made me painfully aware that Pakistani universities have not been able to appreciate the importance of the training Literature Review and its centrality in the university research system. My main contention in the article is that no substantial improvement in the quality of the literature reviews conducted in Pakistani universities in realms of humanities, and social sciences in general and Urdu in particular, could be brought unless we faithfully follow the approaches, methods and practices, in the western academia for carrying out the process and the most significant among these is not only ensuring a rigorous training in the performing Literature Review but also making it as integral part of the different stages of the doctoral research. While unravelling another layer of my article I would like to stress the fact that it only uses apparent gaps in the doctoral research carried out in the discipline of Urdu more as a frame of reference to create space for what I would describe or call the larger purpose that is--- to enhance the understanding of the readers particularly the doctoral students about the whole process of doing the Literature Review: (I) it stages ; (II)significance;(III) essentials, and;(IV) traps, etc
The aims and objectives of education in the eyes of Iqbal
No full textAll the thoughts of Dr.Allama Iqbal are based on islam. When he talks about the aims and objectives of educatin, he envisages the educational policy keeping in the mind the islamic teachings.Though,he was not an educationlist in the true sense of the word,but the way he delivered speeches and composed his writings on the level of education and its objectives,is praiseworthy beyond any doubt.It molds the features of the educationl framework to a better,prominent and dazzling fame. The educational aims and objectives of Iqbal are laced with the considerable aspects as philosophy of Khudi,freedom,acquisition of modern knowledge,brighten the creative and researched based qualities,sound relation of individual and society,shaping thecharacter and behaviour, welfare, humanitarianism and economicdevelopment
IMPLEMENTATION OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS USING MOORE MACHINE AND RECURRENCE MATRIX
No full textToday in this modern and digital world, people need privacy and security during digital communication of their secret information. Cryptographictechniques provide methods for secure digital communication. In this paper, we have proposed a secret message sharing algorithm using finite state machine and recurrence relation to enhance the security level of the messages which is being sent between sender and receiver. The proposednew cryptographic encryption and decryption algorithm has been implemented using Moore machine which is a type of finite state automatonand two recurrence matrices namely Fibonacci numbers and Mersennenumbers. The importance of these algorithms is that, we can send information securely through the communication channel using them. Theefficiency of the proposed algorithm has been analyzed and the analysisshows high level cryptographic protection during digital communication.In these algorithms we have used multiple set of keys to encipher the original message and its inverse to decipher it again and the authenticity ofalgorithms is assured because these algorithms have different levels ofsecurity which enhance the chances to keep our data or information confidential and secure for long time. There are many states in Moore machine to calculate the appropriate output. In every state it takes a new recurrence relation which depends upon the input. To compute the output, we apply mathematical operation which is our cipher text. At each level we have number of cipher text which increases the data security