UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
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Pakistan’s Counter Terrorism Strategy (2001-2019) (Evolution, Paradigms, Prospects & Challenges)
Get PDFWith the terrorist‟s attacks on world trade center and pentagon on 9/11, there usher a new are in the global politics era. The term terrorists emerged on the global horizon as an urgent matter to deal with full zeal and strength. The culprits were aimed and alliances were made to initiate counter terrorism strategies. The strategic position and political enigma again thrust Pakistan intothe coalition of war on terror. This time terrorists‟ organizations, militants and the extremist‟s groups were the opposition instead of the secular communist threat. The task of war on terror was not only delicate but also an intricate one, with serious ramifications and implications on both domestic and regional political scenario of Pakistan. The counter terrorism activity of Pakistan started in the region with the military and diplomatic cooperation and coalition of the United States. Countering terrorism remained a huge domestic, regional and global challenge for Pakistan due to the existing threats of its eastern and western borders. Thus, Pakistan‟s counter terrorism strategy has to deal with the rightest bloc in the domestic political scenario, Indian opposition and propaganda and the global pressure to meet the settled targets in the war on terror. Pakistan needed a great state Manship, creative diplomacy and astute military strategy to deal with such a challenging situation. At present, now about two decades have elapsed there is a time to access the ratio of success and failure of war on terror. There are a few subtle things on the surface i.e. loopholes in decision making, the element of distrust between the partners and the domestic stakeholders along with the struggling socio-political and economic environment have created challenges in the Pakistan‟s counter terrorism strategies. Beside the negative implications and problems, the emerging awareness of national interest, policy making process in terms of fighting with terror has changed the course of things and events in the future prospect. Pakistan yet have to develop diplomatic and strategic maturity in the context of its counter terrorism policy in more viable and workable direction
Role of Media in Developing Political Perceptions of the People
Get PDFThis research paper analyzes the role of Pakistani electronic media in creating political awareness and developing political perceptions of the people. With the advent of modern technology, the electronic media has provided more opportunities for the common man in connection with government’s policies and obligations, state tasks, and human rights. All the above narrated developments have taken place due to electronic media. This paper starts with a review of role of electronic media that attempts to explain that how electronic media can play its role in creating political awareness among people and educate people politically. A convenient sample of 120 respondents was collected from the both sides with equal representation of both male, female and a well-structured questionnaire was administrated using face to face data collection techniques.The findings reveal that majority of the people rely on electronic media for political news and it influences people’s perceptions and they are becoming politically aware by the media
Political Communication and Post-Election Public Opinion Formation in Pakistan: Effect of PTI Government’s Policies on Youth Voters
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to observe the effect of Pakistan Tahreek-i- Insaaf (PTI) government‟s policies on its voters almost two years after General Elections 2018. Data was collected from PTI‟s youth voters of Lahore through survey (n=422) using the instrument of questionnaire comprised of 12 item. While for the qualitative part of the study Z test was applied. The study results predicted that the vote bank of PTI gradually decreased from timeline 2018 to2020 as the the proportion of PTI voters has declined from 0.83 per cent to 0.67 per cent respectively. However, regarding overall policies of the PTI government, party voters gauged PTI policies as „normal‟ and they wanted to give time to the regime expecting better output. The government‟s monetary and exchange rate policy has been seen as the worst part of the party performance so far by the voters while tax reforms, accountability and foreign policy on Iran and Kashmir have been termed as „excellent‟
Occurrence of Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin B1 in stored barley grains marketed in west of Iran
Get PDFBarley is one of the most important cereals consumed in the world, which is well-known to be invaded by Aspergillus spp. under storage conditions and contaminated with mycotoxins. Aflatoxin (AFL) contamination of cereal grains especially barley is one of the serious economic and food security issues. This study aimed to assess the mycological and AFL contamination of barley collected from market in Kermanshah province, in west of Iran. Forty samples were collected at informal markets in ten cities and analysed for aflatoxin B1 using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELIZA) method. Sixty Aspergillus isolates were collected and four species were identified. All these strains belonged to A. niger (50%), A. flavus (30%), A. japonicus (15%), and A. sclerotiorum (5%). Further confirmation of all the A. flavus isolates was carried out on molecular basis through species specific primers of AFLA-F/AFLA-R. Natural occurrence of AFB1 was detected in 18 samples with a range between 0.056–10.564 μg kg-1. The highest AFB1 level was found in samples from Sarpol-e-Zahab (10.564 μg kg-1). This is the first report of the natural occurrence of AFB1 from stored barley samples collected from west of Iran
Religious Values in Premchand's Novels
No full textMunshi Prem Chand is a prominent name in Urdu novel. He successfully put various subjects in his novels. He is a native of a country where different cultures were born. Common Indian culture is a golden chapter in history. Prem Chand deeply observed Islamic culture and Islamic teachings and concluded that Islam and Islamic teachings cannot be compared to any culture or religion in the world. He thinks that no religion is bad, but the bad behavior of its followers makes it worse. The same qualities of his personality are also in his writings. He studied islam deeply and called its teachings extremely useful to humanity. In this article the author has elaborated that Islamic society and its values are unprecedented and cannot be compared to any religion in the world
Urdu poetry and Eco Criticism
No full text Eco-criticism is relatively considered a new term in Urdu literature although a brief review of Urdu literature particularly poetry indicates that environmental problems have always been critically observed by the literary minds. Ecocriticism is a kind of literary criticism that discuss the relationship of the physical environment as a living entity with literature and not just as a background of social dialogue. It is a theoretical technique that was introduced in the 90s in the west, however, Imdad Imam Asar has been considered the earliest critic who used this technique in Urdu literature through his book “KashifulHaqaiq”. Afterwards, Maulvi Muhammad Ismail Merathi used ecological perspectives in their poetry at a time when ecological studies and organizations had yet not been established. Dr. Wazir Agha, Nasir Kazmi, Majeed Amjad, Parveen Shakir and Tariq Naeem pronounced the disturbing effects of deforestation on nature, particularly on birds. Urdu poets mourned the high industrial ambitions of humans which destroyed the environmental beauty and awarded air pollution, global warming, climate change and drought to nature and humans. Poets like Mustafa Zaidi, Zia Jalandhari and others believed that environmental destruction is not limited to the physical aspects only it also disturbed the social behavior of the humans. Some modern poets like KishwarNaheed, Yousaf Zafar and Saeed Aasi associated the decay of humanity with environmental change in their poems and warns humans against it
Exploring Strategic Management of Head of Departments: A Case Study of Public Universities in Lahore
Get PDFDepartments under auspices of university leadership are expected to contribute in embracing academic and market needs. The management of departments has always been challenged in result of emerging trends, issues, and academic development. The experiences of the heads of department (HoDs) in strategizing their departments can assist them to comprehend how they carry out the departmental managerial functions. It is assumed that HoDs do not feel adequately prepared for the challenges they face in managing the departments. This study aimed to explore that what type of challenges HoDs face and what type of the strategies they use to manage the departmental activities. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews following qualitative case study research design. Thematic analysis was used to reach the findings of the study. The analysis produced major themes: academic work pressure, managerial pressure, administrative hindrances, proactive approach, motivation, and progressive teamwork. Findings show that challenges provide opportunities with the HoDs to adapt themselves and devise new strategies in making efforts to run the departments smoothly. The study implied that if HoDs focus on devising strategies to manage the departments they can bring about positive developments in the departments
Effect of the Flipped Science Classroom on Academic Achievement of Grade Seven Students
Get PDFThis pilot study was carried out in a local secondary school to measure the effectiveness of digital literacy in terms of flipped classroom teaching. A grade seven science class was purposefully flipped and compared with traditional teaching classroom arrangement to evaluate the student's academic achievement. The population of study comprises all male and female 259 students of class seven, first term of academic session. Study sample was further divided into two groups: two sections of boys (61 male students) and two sections of girls (66 female students) were randomly selected as the experimental group, the flipped classroom. The remaining four sections (132 students) performed as a control group, the traditional classroom. Instructional strategies were the independent variable. Student's achievement grades in pretest, ongoing posttest assessments and term exam were dependent variables. Scores of pretest were compared with posttest ongoing assessments and school term exams. The analysis was made through t-test and ANCOVA. At the end of the thirteenth week, a Likert scale survey was conducted to evaluate the student's perception regarding the learning environment in flipped class. The results indicated that” (i) there is a statistically significant difference between achievement scores of the flipped class compares to traditional class students. Flipped class students achieved better results than conventional class learners. (ii) Analysis indicated that there is no significant difference in achievement scores among male and female students of the experimental and control group. (iii) Likert scale survey results showed students increased involvement, mutual interaction and in-depth learning in flipped classroom environment. This study is a contribution to a positive change in the prevailing education system of Pakistan by transferring a deeper understanding of the importance of student-centered learning. The technological tools motivate student of this age to collaborate academically and socially to become a self-standing, curious and creative learner.  
The fall of Feudalism and Rsie of Female Agency in Aisi Bulandi Aisi Pasti
No full text A household woman's journey towards freedom and independence in an agricultural society dominated by feudal values is a testament to the resilience and determination of the human spirit. In the face of societal pressures, she recognized the transformative power of education and awareness, which enabled her to break free from the shackles of traditional norms. This desire for education and empowerment among women is a reflection of the changing dynamics in Indian society. It signifies a shift towards progressive thinking and a recognition of the inherent worth and potential of women. Noor Jahan not only challenged the stagnant values of the closed society but also paved the way for other women to seek their own paths towards liberation. In a society deeply rooted in patriarchal norms, Through her determination, Noor jahan challenges the backward minds of the closed society, she unveils the structural flaws that perpetuate inequality and subjugation. In her quest for freedom and independence, Noor jahan's actions exemplify the power of individual agency and the ability to challenge and redefine social constructs. Her story serves as a reminder that society is malleable, and by uniting against oppressive structures, change can be achieved.  
Urdu Poem and Cultural Globalization in 21st Century
No full textGlobalization has engulfed almost the whole world, Urdu poetry is not an exception. Urdu poetry of the 21st century has fully embraced contemporary trends, globalization being one of the major trends. There are three major trends of globalization which include economic globalization, political globalization and cultural globalization. The impact of cultural globalization, has been examined in this article by analyzing the Urdu poem written in the 21st century. Globalization has attacked local civilization and culture, promoted consumer culture, merged national festivals with local festivals and consciously tried to eradicate local languages. The poems of five renowned poets, Ali Muhammad Farshi, Tanveer Anjum, Javed Anwar, Hussain Abid and Masood Qamar, have been brought forward in this context.