International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology
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Resource Use Efficiency of Rice Production in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examines the resources use efficiency of rice production with particular emphasis onMubi North local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The aim of this study is to estimate therelationship between inputs and output in rice production in the study area. In carrying out this studyquestionnaires were used to collect data from respondents and a research design was adopted with a samplesize of 89. The statistical tool used was stochastic frontier. Based on the analysis the result revealed thatquantity of land and fertilizer were significant at 1% level each while seed and labour were significant at 10%and 5% level respectively, this means that any increase in the quantity of these variables increases outputsand hence profitability of the farmers. Pesticides herbicides were not significance.From the study it was revealed that the farmers in the study area has technical efficiency of 38% in riceproduction resulting from inability or difficult in accessing farmland, farm credit and processing facilities,this might be the result why Nigerian till date still involved in importation of rice from other countries
Effect of the Application of Nitrogen, Zinc and Boron on Micro-Nutrients Concentration and Uptake in Grain and Straw of Wheat in a Silty Clay Loam Soil of Mid Hills
Get PDFSixteen treatment combinations consisting of four levels of N (0, 50,100 and150per cent of recommended dose), two levels of Zn (0 and 10 kg ha-1) and two levels of B (0 and1 kg ha-1) were evaluated in a silty clay loam soil at Palampur, that was medium in organiccarbon, low in available N, medium in available P and K, adequate in DTPA extractable Fe,Mn and Cu, marginally adequate in DTPA Zn and insufficient in hot water soluble B. Ingeneral, application of nitrogen increased the concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and B inwheat grains and straw. In grain, Mn, and Cu concentration increased upto 150% ofrecommended N; Zn and Fe upto 100% N and B upto 50% N. In straw, Fe and Cuconcentration increased upto 150% N; Mn upto 100% N; and Zn and B upto 50% N. In grain,application of Zn @ 10 kg ha-1 resulted in increased Zn and B concentration and decreased Fe,Mn and Cu concentrations. In straw, Zn concentration increased while Fe, Mn and Cuconcentration decreased with the addition of Zn. Boron @ 1 kg ha-1 significantly increased Znand B concentration in grains and Zn, Fe, Cu and B concentration in straw over no boronapplication. In general, there was consistent increase in uptake of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B inwheat grain and straw and thereby of total with application of nitrogen. Application of Zn @10 kg ha-1 resulted in increased Zn and B uptake by grain and straw of wheat. Boron @ 1 kgha-1 significantly increased Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B uptake by grains and straw. Grain yield ofwheat increased with increase in dose of N upto 150 per cent of recommended. Application of10 kg Zn ha-1increased grain yield by 9.7 per cent. Similarly, boron application @ 1 kg ha-1increased grain yield by 8.1 per cent. 
STUDY ON ADOPTION OF IMPROVED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF RICE INFLUENCED BY THE AGE & EDUCATION OF TRIBAL FARMERS
Get PDFIndia is a predominantly agriculture based economy country. The productivity of crop increased in India due to increasein irrigated area, introduction of HYV and improved management practices. But, it is not true in Eastern India as a whole andChhattisgarh in particular due to diverse crop growing environment, land situations, physiographic and socio-economic conditionsof the farmers especially of tribal farmers. Adoption of improved production technology of rice is much affected with the age &education of tribal farmers. Wisdom and experience of old age tribal farmers were well exercised in handling more land inagriculture in comparison to young age tribal farmers but younger farmers preferred to adopt improved technology more than thetribal farmers of older age. 
Effect of Biofertilizers and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
Get PDFSixteen treatments comprising of four biofertilizer inoculations [Rhizobium, phosphatesolubilizing bacteria (PSB), Rhizobium + PSBand no inoculation] and four phosphorus (0, 20, 40& 60 kg P205/ha) levels were evaluated at Palampur to study the interaction of biofertilizers andphosphorus on growth and yield of lentil. Dual inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB resulted in tallerplants, higher dry matter, nodules/plant, pods/plant, seeds/pod, 100-seed weight and seed and strawyield. Among phosphorus levels, significantly taller plants and higher number of primarybranches/plant, seeds/pod and 100-seed weight were recorded at 40 kg P2O5/ha. The number ofpods/plant and yield were highest at 60 kg P2O5/ha. The interaction between inoculation andphosphorus was significant for yield contributing characters and yield. The highest number ofprimary branches/plant (6.7), seeds/plant (1.8) and seed yield (924 kg/ha) was recorded under dualinoculation of biofertilizers + 60 kg P2O5/ha
Performance of Direct Seeded Rice by using Seed cum Fertidrill in Vizianagaram District of Andhra Pradesh
Get PDFManual transplanting is the most popular method of crop establishment in rice growingareas in Vizianagaram district; it requires more number of labour leads to increase in the cost ofcultivation and results in delayed transplanting. Direct seeding with the help of seed drill avoids raisingof nursery, pulling and transplanting due to which labour requirement is reduced. District AgriculturalAdvisory and Transfer of Technology Centre (DAATTC), Vizianagaram, conducted ten front linedemonstrations for three consecutive years during kharif 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14. The resultsrevealed that direct seeded rice with ferticum seed drill recorded significantly more number ofproductive tillers hill-1 (11.10) and number of grains panicle-1 (136.7) than manualtransplanting i.e. 9.87and 129, respectively. The average grain yield in seed cum fertidrill method was 6.02 tonnes ha-1 ascompared to 5.63 tonnes ha-1 in case of manual transplanting. The increase in grain yield of directseeddrill sown rice was 6.9 percent compared to transplanted rice. The cost of cultivation was low (Rs.30,369 ha-1) in direct seeded with seeddrill method than manually transplanted rice (Rs.35,454 ha-1).The average benefit cost ratio was more with ferticum seed drill (2.07) than manual transplanting(1.65)
Marketing and Branding of Fox nut as High Value Crops in Abroad from Bihar (India): A Review
Get PDFThis review article scrutinizes analyse of the micro-economic aspects of Makhana value chain inIndia. It was aimed at identifying major Makhana marketing channels; the corresponding marketingmargins, price spread, producer’s share in consumers’ rupee in the identified marketing channelsand efficiency of Makhana marketing channels.This crop places a significant role to the farmers foritseconomic value in the market. The economy of the poor rural farmers ofthese areas is intimatelylinked with the cultivation of this crop. It is commonly called Fox nut, Gorgon nut, Prickly waterlily. The distribution of this species is now limited to the tropical and subtropical regions of southeast and East Asia. It has adapted to the tropical climate of India and is found in natural, wild formsin various parts of north-east India (Assam, Meghalya, and Orissa) and scattered pockets of centraland northern India (eg. Gorakhpur and Alwar). However, Mithila (North Bihar) is the principal areaof its present existence. Makhana is best grown in age- old perennial water bodies with a richmucky bottom providing nutrients to the plants. Harvesting and processing of seed is still carriedout by traditional methods. Makhana (Euryale feroxSalisb.) is one of the most common dry fruitsutilized by the people due to low fat content, high contents of carbohydrates, protein and minerals.Both raw and fried Makhana are fairly rich in essential amino acids. Edible perisperm constitutes80 per cent starch. Euryale ferox is a store house of macro- and micro-nutrients. The seeds are eatenraw or roasted. The seeds are sold in market and used as a farinaceous food.A lot of medicinal usesare recommended in the Indian and Chinese system of medicine. The different dietary componentsof the seeds were investigated to assess its nutritional significance.Important marketing and valuechain of Makhana are briefly discussed in this article
Adoption Level and Constraints in Sugarcane Production Technologies in Vizianagaram District
Get PDFIn Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh Sugarcane is cultivating in 20,865ha with average productivity of 56.2 t ha-1(Anonymous 2012). The yield level of sugarcane which iscomparatively low at present in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh need to beincreased substantially. Higher sugarcane production can be achieved by adoption of all therecommended technologies by large number of farmers. Adoption of sugarcane productiontechnology was studied during 2012-13 at Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh. Majorityof the respondents (44%) studied were found to be medium level adopters. Adoption of correctdosage of fertilizers and manures as also the recommended variety was the highest (75 and65% resp.) followed by seed treatment with fungicides (61%), plant protection (53%) andweedicide application (52%). The least adoption was for recommended nursery practices andplant population (8%, and 4% resp.). Majority of the farmers showed medium level of overalladoption of recommended technology. Weedicide application, pest and disease management innursery maintaining plant population in main field were not adopted by the majority of thefarmers. ‘Non availability of high yielding varieties’, High cost of labour’ ‘Lack of convictionin the new technology’ and ‘Weak extension activities at the village level were the majorconstraints faced by the farmers
Methodology for Improving Security Issues and Reducing Vulnerability in Microprocessors
Get PDFMany DoD systems require the use of embedded computing. An embedded computer system is designed for adedicated function, in contrast to a general-purpose computer system, e.g., a desktop computer, which is designed for multiplefunctions. An ideal design for an embedded system optimizes performance, e.g., small form factor, low power consumption,and high throughput, while providing the specific functionality demanded by the system’s purpose, i.e., its mission. Testing isalso introduced to clear the bug which is presented in the network application software. It will improve the coverage of thetest, clearly saving in cost and development time. The virus detection and testing processor also protect the multi core systemsfrom Real Time attacks and will provide the formal model–based test for multi core system. With the model a test suite can beextracted from the test case generator and a test program generator will generate test programs automatically. In this paper adetailed research on methodology for improving security issues and reducing vulnerability in microprocessors has beenentailed
In vitro and In planta Effect of Newer Synthetic Compounds against Rice Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in Rice Nurseries
Get PDFA Laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of newer synthetic chemicals compounds inthe control of rice root knot nematode (Meloiodgyne graminicola). Ten chemicals of two series namely coumarin series(5 chemicals) and coumarin carbamate series (5 chemicals) were evaluated at different concentrations (1000ppm,500ppm, 250ppm and 125ppm) against J2 and eggs of M. graminicola. Approximately 100 eggs and 100 juveniles weredispensed into separate tissue culture cavity block containing the dilutions of chemicals except the control whichcontained only Acetone distilled water mixture. In vitro experiment revealed that all the compounds resulted in nematodemortality ranging from 20-87% and inhibition of egg hatching from 10 to 78%; the higher concentrations (1000 and 500ppm) were being most effective. In Coumarin carbamate, Series III (4, 5 dimethyl -2-oxo-2H-benzopyran-7yl-phenylcarbamate) 70 % mortality was observed even at lowest concentration of this chemical i.e. 125 ppm. The lowest mortalitywas observed in acetone and water mixture (control) alone (5.3%). Maximum larval mortality and inhibition of egghatching was recorded in one of the Coumarin carbamate series III i.e., 4,5 dimethyl-2-oxo-2H-benzopyran-7yl phenylcarbamate (96.33% and 11%) respectively. Coumarin carbamate derivates proved more nematicidal than Coumarin seriesin both larval mortality and egg hatching experiments. Based on larval mortality and egg hatching experiments onlypromising synthetic chemicals with 500 ppm concentration were selected for screen house study. Chemicals were used @70 ml/pot as soil drenching and untreated check was also maintained. Among synthetic chemicals maximum seedlingweight (10 plants) and shoot length (2.76 g and 19.10 cm) was recorded with Coumarin carbamate III (4,5 dimethyl-2-oxo-2H-benzopyran-7yl phenyl carbamate) followed by Coumarin carbamate V (2.71 g and 18.53cm) and Coumarincarbamate IV (2.35 g and 17.48 cm). The minimum number of galls per 10 plants were recorded with Coumarincarbamate III (64.25) followed by Coumarin carbamate V (64.50) and Coumarin carbamate IV (70.50). A similar trendwas also recorded in nematode population per root. The results of present investigation suggest suitable chemicals forgrower having nematode problem in field to incorporate it in management strategies
Insecticidal Behavior of the Synthetic Product and the Natural Extracts of Oil
Get PDFThe strong use of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and synthetic pesticides can cause toxic residues in the food chain,biological imbalance, environmental contamination, poisoning the beasts and other unknown effects. The use of plantextracts as alternative insecticides is one way to minimize the problems caused by synthetic insecticides. In this way, wetreated green alfalfa seedlings attacked by aphids with different doses of the synthetic product Malyphos and of the naturalextracts of oil (Oregano, Thyme, Neem, Kanuka, Ravintsara and Tea tree). From the month of May and during the summeror there are a large number of aphids and after a controlled time, the death of the parasite percentages are determined overtime and dose of the synthetic product and these extracts natural of oil. The study of the mortality of aphids between theproduct Malyphos and these oil extracts helped to highlight the role of these natural extracts on limiting these parasites andtheir possible use as a natural insecticide without effects secondary on human health and the environment