International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology
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Use of Markov Chain for Dry and Wet week Analysis for Crop Planning at Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu, India
No full textKnowledge of rainfall occurrence pattern is very important for making decision on crop planning and soil water conservation studies. Markov chain probability model was used to enlighten the long term frequency behavior of wet or dry weather spells during the main rainy season. This study used 35 years (1981-2015) of rainfall data and aggregated weekly rainfall data (52 weeks) was considered as standard week to study the probability of occurrence of wet and dry weeks. The probability of occurrences of initial and conditional probability is more than 50 % on 35 th week with threshold limit of 20 mm per week. Therefore the land preparation for sowing or planting could be undertaken in 35 th week respectively for the main rainy season crop cultivation. Study area dominated by North East Monsoon with mean annual rainfall of about 1100 mm. At Aduthurai region there is more chance for intermittent wet spell and hence drought resistant short duration pulse may be suggested. In addition, this analysis can be very helpful in identify the cropping pattern including cropping and intercropping system during that period.  
In vitro Morphogenesis of Direct Organs in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Siwy
Get PDFDirect regeneration of organs offers a suitable approach for in vitro plantlets production evading the risk of genetic instability (mutations) associated with other regeneration routes involving callus phase. To stimulate adventitious bud formation, shoot tip explants of date palm Siwy cv. were cultured on MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 αnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg l-1 of 6benzylaminopurine (BA), 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kin) and 2isopentenyladenine (2iP) added individually or in combinations. The highest percentage of responsive explants (36.36%) was observed on a medium containing 1 mg l-1 NAA combined with 1 mg l-1 each of BA, Kin, and 2iP where 9.20 shoots per explant formed after 32 weeks of culture (i.e. the end of the fourth subculture). In contrast, the medium containing 1 mg l-1 NAA combined with 1 mg l-1 of only one cytokinin enhanced root formation but completely inhibited shoot development. Thus, the combinations of NAA, BA, Kin and 2iP at 1 mg l-1 each resulted in the highest regeneration percentage of shoots. 
To Study the Ethnobotany and Angiospermic Diversity of Kangra District (H.P.)
Get PDFSince long, medicinal plants have been extensively used for treating various diseases both in humans as well as other animals. Kangra is a quiet large district of Himachal Pradesh, where the ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants is quiet meager, therefore, the proposed research will explore the knowledge about traditional medicinal plants of the district and their uses for treating several diseases. Further, some of the important and rare medicinal plant species will be evaluated for their phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities thus, confirming their uses for making certain herbal formulations for the society. The study on ethnobotany of traditional medicinal plants is of both national as well as international importance as it will help to explore the medicinal plant wealth of unexplored Kangra district. The herbal formulations can be prepared after knowing the uses of these species which will be useful for the society to get some independency from allopathic medicines having large number of side effects. The proposed study is relevant to the needs of the immediate environment in terms to reduce dependency on the allopathic medicine even on small diseases. This study also enhances use of medicinal plants to various diseases for preliminary application. The proposed work meet the industry needs as some of the plants which are medicinally important will be extracted and tested in the laboratoryfor the preparation of herbal formulations. Those medicinal herbs can then be collected and supplied to certain pharmaceutical companies for the preparation of other herbal drugs. 
Productivity and Quality of Different Varieties of Olitorius Jute Seed Produced in Western Odisha
Get PDFAbstract: Field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2010-2011) at Sambalpur in western Odisha to study the feasibility of producing olitorius jute seed and assessing the quality of the seed produced. The jute seed yield for 6 olitorius varieties varied between 933 kg/ha (cv. JRO 8432) and 725 kg/ha (cv. S 19) which were comparable in general for olitorius jute seed productivity, might be due to favourable climatic condition (initial good distribution of monsoon rain and later dry spell at seed maturity stage) and proper crop management practices. The germination percentage of all the tested varieties was always better (99 to 85%) than the prescribed minimum level of 80%. Speed of germination was the highest in JBO 2003H (91.83) & JRO 524 (90.57) and the lowest in JRO 8432 (49.87). The maximum vigour index was for S 19 (1950) closely followed by JRO 204 (1853). The net return per rupee investment was the maximum in JRO 8432 (1.18) due to higher seed yield, followed by JRO 524 (1.05) and JRO 204 (0.80). Keywords: Jute; Corchorus olitorius; seed yield; seed quality; western Odisha 
Exploiting the bio-control activity of Trichoderma viride isolates against Wilt complex disease of Chilli
Get PDFInvestigation was undertaken to screen the potential native isolate of Trichoderma viride for bio suppression of corn rot pathogen complex, as Trichoderma viride are the most successful and widely used biocontrol agents. Taking the advantage and constraints of Trichoderma viride into consideration, efforts were made to encourage the nauve isolate against corn rot pathogens. Nine isolates of Trichoderma viride namely Tv1, Tv3, Tv4, Tv6, Tv8 Tv9, Tv10, Tv11, and Tv15, were isolated from soils and which modified Trichoderma Specific Medium (TSM). The isolates were studied for their cultural, Micrometric i.e. characters and antagonistic potential against six newly recoided majoi fungal pathogens of chilli viz sterile Basidiomycetes fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora sp., F. oxysporum and F. solani individually on Potato Dextrose Agar, the culture morphology of all the isolates was found to be similar The isolate Tv1, Tv3, Tv4, Tv8, Tv9, Tv11, and Tv15, were found fully overgrown on Pathogens of chilli wilt complex, where as the isolates Tvl3 failed to inhibit the Phytophthora sp Efforts are onto evaluate the performance of promising isolate in field by soil and seed application methods. 
MEASURES FOR INCREASING PRACTICAL SKILLS ACQUISITION IN PRIVATE TECHNICAL COLLEGES: A CASE STUDY OF FOLK TECHNICAL COLLEGE, IKWO, EBONYI STATE
Get PDFThis study was designed to ascertain the measures to increase technical college students’ acquisition of practical skills in private technical colleges using Folk Technical College, Ikwo as a case study. The instrument used for data collection was 42 items questionnaire. The respondents were 61 final year students and 30 technical teachers. Three research questions guided the study. The study revealed that adequate libraries, hostels and staff quarters should be provided. The respondents also agreed that field trips and visitation to industries should be carried out to enable them grasp practical skills more competently. Other factors accepted by respondents that would ensure practical skills acquisition among others include strict observation of workshop safety rules, encouraging students to undertake practical assignments by themselves, giving students enough time to carry out their assignments and teaching practical skills through demonstration method by teachers. The study among others recommended that highly qualified teachers should be employed to effectively teach the students in the Technical colleges.  
Euryale ferox Salisb. is an Immense Potential Aquatic Cash Fruit Crop: A Review
Get PDFThis review article scrutinizes immense potentiality of Makhana and some of the vibranttechnologies developed/ refined/ adopted to improve wetlands ecosystem productivity in theEastern Indo Gangetic plains. Euryale ferox Salisb. (Makhana/Fox nut/Gorgon nut/ Prickly waterlily) is the only monotypic species of the genus Euryale, belonging to the family Nymphaeaceae.The plant is native to South-East Asia with the prevalence of tropics to sub-tropics accomplishedwith humid to sub-humid environment. In general, its distribution is extremely limited to tropicaland subtropical regions of South-East and East Asia and is known to exist in Korea, Japan, China,Oudh, Dal Lake Kashmir, East Bengal. In India, it is distributed in Bihar, West Bengal, parts ofAssam, Manipur, Tripura, Eastern Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan (Alwar) and Eastern UttarPradesh. However, Mithila region (holy land of Ma Vaidehi / Sita) of North Bihar is the principalarea of its present existence where it is extensively cultivatedconsidered as a potential aquatic cash crop. Bihar accounts for more than 80 percent of totalmakhana production in the country and that makhana production takes place in 20 out of its 38districts, mostly situated in the North of the state. Makhana is best grown in age- old perennialwater bodies with a rich mucky bottom providing nutrients to the plants. Harvesting and processingof seed is still carried out by traditional methods. Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb.) is one of themost common dry fruits utilized by the people due to low fat content, high contents ofcarbohydrates, protein and minerals. Both raw and fried Makhana are fairly rich in essential aminoacids. Edible perisperm constitutes 80 per cent starch. Euryale ferox is a store house of macro- andmicro-nutrients. The seeds are eaten raw or roasted. The seeds are sold in market and used as afarinaceous food. A lot of medicinal uses are recommended in the Indian and Chinese system ofmedicine. The different dietary components of the seeds were investigated to assess its nutritionalsignificance. Makhana seeds are popularly called as ‘Black Diamond’ as raw and famously knownas ‘white ball’ when it popped. The yield of seeds varies from 2.5-3.0 tonnes per hectare ofpond.Makhana cultivation provides livelihood to thousands of resource poor farmers, particularlyin Bihar.Importance and scope, agrotechnology of Makhana developed and refined for EasternRegion conditions are briefly discussed in this article
The Changes in Antioxidant Capacity of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and Mung Bean (Vigna radiate (L.)Wilczek) during Germination Process
Get PDFThis study aim to determine effects of the germination time on the changes in antioxidant capacity ofsoybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and mung bean (Vigna radiate (L.)). Antioxidant compounds, such astotal polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), free radical scavenging capacities(DPPH), vitamin E content and vitamin C contents were studied. TPC were measured by Folin-Ciocalteumethod. TFC were determine by the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The antioxidant capacitieswere determine using DPPH free radical scavenging method. Vitamin E content were measured base onreaction between α-tocopherol with ferric chloride. Vitamin C content were measured by iodine method.The result indicated that the changes in these bioactive compounds depended on the germination times.Germination of soybean provided a higher bioactive compounds than that of mung bean. Both TPC insoybean and mung bean increased sharply in the period 0-60h of germination, with 4.61 ± 0.03mg GAE/gdw at 60h for soybean and 3.59 ± 0.03mg GAE/g dw at 48h for mung bean. TFC were found to be 3.26 ±0.15mg QE/g dw for soybean and 4.03 ± 0.02 mg QE/g dw for mung bean after 60h of germination.Besides, the DPPH values rose continuously during germination and reached a peaks of 76.20% at 60h ofgermination for soybean and 71.89% at 48h of germination for mung bean. The result also reported thatvitamin C content and vitamin E content in two legumes increased during germination and the highestvalues at 72h (for soybean, 0.25 mg/g dw, 13.43± 0.21 mg/g dw and mung bean 0.19 ± 0.01 mg/g dw,8.05 ± 0.24 mg/g dw, respectively). As so, the germination process in the period 60-72h affected thegreatest enhancement in antioxidant compounds in soybean and mung bean
COST AND RETURN OF RICE PRODUCTION IN MUBI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study investigate the cost and return of rice production in Mubi North local Government Area,Adamawa State, Nigeria. The aim of this study is to estimate the profitability in rice production in the studyarea. In carrying out this study questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents and a researchdesign was adopted with a sample size of 89. The statistical tool used was the Gross Margin. Gross marginanalysis revealed that the total variable cost was N8092.84 while the fixed cost was N7241.18 making thetotal cost of production to be N15660.67. The total revenue was N57655 which gives gross margin and netfarm income of N49562.16 and N42320.98 per hectare respectively. The business of rice cultivation in MubiNorth Local Government Area is profitable since an average farmer in the study area whose average hectareis (2.3) of land earns N99124.32 in 3months of rice farming which is far above the minimum wage earned bya civil servant at local government level
Productivity, Profitability and Energetic of Baby Corn - Chinese Cabbage - Onion Cropping System as Influenced by Nutrient Management
Get PDFA long term experiment on ‘nutrient management in Baby corn-Chinese cabbage-onioncropping system’ was initiated in kharif 2003 and continued till 2014-15. Seven treatments involvingorganic nutrient, pure inorganic and integrated nutrient management were evaluated for productionpotential, economic feasibility, energy relations and effects on soil fertility in an unreplicated trial. Tofind out treatment differences, analysis of yield data from 2003 to 2014-15 was taken considering yearsas replicates. To minimize the year to year variation in yield, three years moving averages were workedout. The results revealed that the baby corn yield was maximum under INM treatment and wasminimum under the pure inorganic treatment. Under INM treatment the mean yields of Chinesecabbage and onion were 2.06 and 10.3 times higher than pure inorganic treatment, respectively. Thehighest baby corn equivalent yield was recorded in INM (T1). Organic treatments resulted in highercost of cultivation than INM and pure inorganic. 50% NPK (inorganics) + 50% N (FYM) (T1) gavesignificantly higher net return, B: C ratio and energy output. 50% N (FYM) + Azospirillum + Rockphosphate + PSB (T5) resulted in highest energy output: input and energy productivity