International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology
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Antixenois Studies in Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner) Oviposition towards certain Sunflower Genotypes
Get PDFA study on the ovipositional preference of Helicoverpa armigera females on certain sunflower genotypes was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu during 2014-2017. The head borer, Helicoverpa armigera, is one of the most important pests of sunflower, and host plant resistance is an important component for minimizing the extent of losses caused by this pest. To develop insect‐resistant cultivars, it is important to understand the contributions of different components of resistance, and therefore, we studied the antixenosis mechanism of resistance to H. armigera in a diverse array of sunflower genotypes under no choice, and multi‐choice conditions. Antixenosis for oviposition was observed in case of AHT 02, AHT 14, KBSH 1, GMU 631, and GHU 615 under no‐choice; and GMU 631, AHT 02, GHU 615, IHT 751, and KBSH 1 under multi‐choice conditions. The susceptible check, Morden was highly preferred for oviposition in both the antixenosis tests. The genotypes AHT 02, KBSH 1, GMU 631, and GHU 615 can be used as sources of non‐preference mechanism of resistance in sunflower improvement programs to breed for resistance to H. armigera. 
IBA and TDZ Induced Plant Regeneration of Date Palm through Immature Female Inflorescence Culture
Get PDFThe present work discussed the effectiveness of Indole butyric acid (IBA) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) on establishment of plant regeneration of immature inflorescence of female date palm cv. Sewi. MS medium supplemented with IBA at 1, 2 and 4 mg l−1 in combination with TDZ at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l−1 was tested to investigate their effects on direct and indirect regeneration for 8 months (two month interval). An additional objective of this study was to investigate the effect of culture media components on growth and development of the different resulted aggregates from the previous experiments separately as follows: effect of cytokinin combination treatments on shoot multiplication of direct shoot buds, effect of culture media components on multiplication and germination of direct somatic embryos and finally effect of Paclobutrazol on growth and development of callus cultures. The results showed three responses depend on TDZ and IBA concentrations and combinations. The highest percentage of direct shoot buds and direct embryos formation on MS supplemented with 2 mg l−1 IBA combined with 1 mg l−1 TDZ while 4 mg l−1 IBA combined with 0.5 or 1 mg l−1 TDZ gave highest significant callus formation percentages. The best shoot buds multiplication achieved at 1 mg l−1 BA and 1 mg l−1 kinetin. Direct somatic embryos produced a significant large number of secondary somatic embryos on 1/2 MS medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin and 0.25 mg l−1 2iP, the best germination was found on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg l−1 NAA and 1g l−1 activated charcoal. pbz at 0.2 mg l−1 to callus culture medium enhanced significantly secondary somatic embryo formation, 0.3 mg l−1 pbz gave the highest callus fresh weight. Direct and indirect healthy shoots rooted in 1/2 MS supplemented with 1 mg l−1 IBA.
 
PROFITABILITY OF SOYA BEANS PRODUCTION IN MUBI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe study was conducted to examine the profitability of soya bean production in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to analyze the costs and returns to soya bean production and identify the major constraints to soya bean production in the study area. A multi stage random sampling techniques was used to select 80 respondents in the study area who were noted for soya beans production. Primary data were collected from the respondents with the aid of structured questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis. The results showed that Soya bean production was found to be profitable as a gross margin of N109894.5/ha was achieved. Major constraints encountered by the farmers were variability in the amount of rainfall which causes spoilage and retard growth, lack of extension services, inadequate farm credit, shortage of inputs, access to land for cultivation and activities of cattle rearers. It was therefore recommended that inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and agrochemicals which were the major inputs that increase the output of soya bean production in the study area should be made available on time, in right amounts and at affordable prices to the farmer’s stakeholders in agriculture. Proper orientation and knowledge should be given to people willing to go into the cultivation of soya beans on the appropriate time of planting. Extension services should also be rendered effectively, farmers should be encouraged to join existing associations and participate fully in their activities. 
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF TALADANDA CANAL IN THE COMMAND AREA OF CUTTACK CITY
Get PDFThe study was carried out to impose and discover the physico-chemical properties of Taladanda canal in Cuttack city. The sample is collected from five different locations (Jobra anikat, Ranihat, Chhatrabazar, Nuabazar and Kalyan Nagar) Cuttack city of Odisha during the month of January, May and July 2017.The various physico-chemical parameters of the collected water sample like pH, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TH (Total Hardness), Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphates and Fluoride.EC(Electrical Conductivity) was analysed. The physico-chemical parameter like pH is varied between 6.95 to 7.93.The pH of the water was found to be acidic in monsoon season, alkaline in summer and winter season.TH value increases with increase in the value of chloride. The DO value is assorted between 5.3 mg l-1 to 7.06 mg l-1. In winter the DO value will be higher. COD value will be higher than BOD value due to presence of chemically oxidizable matter.EC value will be higher in summer season. These parameter shows the degradation of water quality which gives the various anthropogenic activity like-utilization of agriculture and urban use, industrialization, construction activities due to building construction and Jaika project etc and other development purpose. The another part is from which untreated domestic and swage effluents of different type of solid waste dumped into the Taladanda canal. From time to time different solid waste of statue material is also dumped into the canal Taladanda increasing the pollution level during festival time
RISK ASSESMENT OF NITRITE INTAKE TO HEALTH
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to estimate dietary intake of nitrite in meat products. The content of nitrite in various categories of meat products that are on the market of Tuzla Canton. Data on concentrations of nitrite are associated with individual data on food consumption. The study included 200 respondents, aged 19 years and over. Dietary intake of nitrite was estimated by semi-quantitative questionnaire that included questions about the frequency and quantity consumed of certain types of meat products. To estimate the intake, combined data on the average concentration of nitrite in meat products and information on individual consumption. The average concentrations of nitrite in meat products analyzed samples was 7.44 mg/kg (range 0.6 to 23.59 mg/kg). Respondents consume certain types of meat products by an average 52 days/year, and the average daily amount of all types of meat products consumed was 168.92 g per day (per individual categories of meat products is between 15.29 to 22.27 g). Determined the average daily intake of nitrite from meat products is low and amounts to 13.41% compared to the acceptable daily intake (ADI) (for certain categories of meat products ranged from 0.02 to 0.9% of the ADI). The results suggest that a daily intake of nitrite in meat products by the population of the limits of acceptable daily intake, and exposure to nitrites in meat products in the study population does not represent a risk to health.
 
The Situation in the Poultry Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDF Bosnia and Herzegovina have sufficient capacities for production and processing of poultry meat and it can meet the needs of the BiH population. Consumption of poultry meat is about 14 to 16 Kgs/capita/year and 180 eggs/capita/year – these quantities are relatively high and there is a growth potential. More than 90% of poultry meat producers are cooperants of one of the processing units in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Usually cooperation between processors and farmers goes like this: processors are selling to farmers’ one-day chicken and concentrate, and also providing monitoring of process, veterinary services, etc. The key issue for the poultry industry is the need to import feed ingredients and in some cases complete feed on a regular basis. Given the cost of feed often represents about 70% of total costs, any disruption in normal/traditional supply channels could increase costs significantly, or worse – completely close the flow of feed to producers. Bosnia and Herzegovina has currently around 1.4 million chickens in production. Current production is about 370 million eggs per year while needs of BiH are about 400 to 450 million eggs a year. Price of the egg is 0,18 BAM per piece. Around 70% of table egg production goes through organized cooperative systems similar like meat production. 30% of table eggs production is coming from small farms. These eggs are sold directly on farms, green markets or small markets. 
Productivity and Economics of Mustard (Brassica juncea) Varieties as Influenced by Different Herbicide Levels
Get PDFA field experiment on Productivity and economics of mustard (Brassica juncea) varieties as influenced by different fertility levels was conducted on the RMD College of Agriculture & Research Station, Ambikapur, during the Rabi season of 2012-2013. Soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture. 12 treatments with different herbicidal combination of weed management practices were study in randomized block design and 3 times replicated. weed control treatments Pendimethalin @ 1.0kg/ha PE, Glyphosate 50gm/ha alone after emergence of Orobanche, Trifluralin @ 1.5kg/ha PPI, Glyphosate 25gm/ha alone with 1% solution NH4SO4 at 40 DAS, Neem cake at 200kg/ha in furrow and Pendimethalin at 0.5kg/ha (PE) followed by 1 hoeing at 40 DAS, Neem cake at 200kg/ha in furrow followed by Imazethapyr 30gm/ha at 20DAS, Trifluralin @ 1.5kg/ha +Neem oil 1% PPI, soybean oil 2 drops/shoot after emergence of Orobanche, Application of 25% extra dose of phosphorus and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, Trichoderma viride 2.5kg/ha as basal application, Farmers practice-1 hoeing at 40DAS and Weedy check. Gross monetary return is directly related to the value of produce in the market. Among the different weed control treatment, the lowest gross monetary return (Rs. 49050/ha) was recorded in neem cake at 200kg/ha in furrow followed by imazethapyr 30gm/ha at 20DAS. The lowest seed yield under neem cake at 200kg/hac in furrow followed by imazethapyr 30gm/ha at 20DAS was the reason for the lowest gross monetary return, were as it was highest (Rs. 66660/ha) in pendimethalin @ 1.0kg/ha (PE) followed by trifluralin @ 1.5kg/ha +neem oil 1% PPI (Rs. 64230/ha), neem cake at 200kg/ha in furrow and pendimethalin at 0.5kg/ha (PE) followed by 1 hoeing at 40 DAS (Rs. 63180/ha) and trifluralin @ 1.5kg/ha PPI (Rs. 60750/ha) due to maximum seed yield. In respect of net income per hectare, the pendimethalin @ 1.0kg/ha (PE) recorded highest net profit of Rs. 51355/ha followed by trifluralin @ 1.5kg/ha +neem oil 1% PPI, neem cake at 200kg/ha in furrow and pendimethalin at 0.5kg/ha (PE) followed by 1 hoeing at 40 DAS and trifluralin @ 1.5kg/ha PPI recorded net profit of Rs. 48428, Rs. 46297/ha and Rs. 45248, respectively. In case of B;C ratio, pendimethalin @ 1.0kg/ha (PE) and trifluralin @ 1.5kg/ha +neem oil 1% PPI recorded higher B:C ratio(Rs. 4.36 and 4.07) as compared to other Yadav et al. (1999a), Singh et al. (2000), Singh et al. (2001), Bazaya et al. (2004), Rana (2006) and Mitra (2011) has reported similar finding. The economics of inputs indicated that the benefit: cost ratio was highest under pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i./ha (PE) (4.36) followed by trifluralin @ Ramakant Singh Sidar, International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology, Vol.4 Issue.2, February- 2017, pg. 33-39 ISSN: 2348-1358 Impact Factor: 6.057 © 2017, IJAAST All Rights Reserved, www.ijaast.com 34 1.5kg/ha +neem oil 1% PPI (4.07) and glyphosate 50gm/ha alone after emergence of Orobanche(3.98), respectively. Net return was recorded highest in pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i./ha (PE) (Rs. 51355/ha) followed by trifluralin @ 1.5kg/ha +neem oil 1% PPI (Rs. 48428/ha) and neem cake @ 200kg/ha in furrow and pendimethalin @ 0.5kg/ha (PE) followed by 1 hoeing at 40 DAS (Rs. 46297/ha).
 
Investigation of Compost Quality of Meadow Grass
Get PDFIn this paper, we have investigated the compost quality originated from natural process of decomposition of meadow grass. We have analysed three samples with different source and content of organic matter and they are named by: compost, garden and greenhouse in order to compare them. The compost sample implied the natural process of decomposition of meadow grass without the controlled conditions, i.e. under natural atmospheric conditions for a period of eight months. The sample of greenhouse means the soil that is enriched with fertilizer originating from goat (goat fertilizer), while the garden sample means the soil without any fertilization. To those samples are determined the percentage of moisture and organic matter, active and potential acidity and conductivity. In all three samples are determined certain essential macro-elements: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The experimental results showed that the natural process of decomposition of organic material (meadow grass) created a high quality ecological fertilizer with extremely rich content of sodium and potassium, while scarce phosphorus content.  
Sinalab is a traditional flat bread made in the province of Marinduque using arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea Linn) starch. A sinalab premix was made from arrowroot starch gathered in the province and it was made into baked sinalab using equal amounts of wa
Get PDFSinalab is a traditional flat bread made in the province of Marinduque using arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea Linn) starch. A sinalab premix was made from arrowroot starch gathered in the province and it was made into baked sinalab using equal amounts of water, coconut milk and evaporated milk. These products were subjected to sensory evaluation by 25 panelists using a 5-point hedonic scale for colour, flavour / aroma, texture / mouth feel, taste and general acceptability. Likewise, the premix sinalab was subjected to proximate analysis. Results of the study revealed that the most acceptable product was the premix sinalab with evaporated milk, especially in terms of taste. But it was not significantly different (p<0.05) from the product with coconut milk in terms of colour, flavour / aroma, mouth feel and general acceptability. The sinalab premix powder had low moisture content, crude fat, protein, ash and fiber, but high in nitrogen free extracts. Likewise, these proximate contents of the premix sinalab further increase with the addition of evaporated milk, especially in terms of moisture. The evaporated milk improved the baked sinalab in terms of taste and flavour / aroma, which made it acceptable to the panelists. 
Impact Damage Threshold of Young Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)
Get PDFBasic information on the bruising incidence of young coconut „buko‟ was generated by establishing the threshold values for impact. Young coconut at two levels of maturity: 6--7 months (M1) and 7-8 months (M2) after pollination were subjected to impact at the cheek by actual dropping on two reference impact surfaces (ground and concrete) and by using a pendulum impactor that was locally fabricated. It was found that the drop heights, which bruised 10% of the fruits, were 20 cm and 22.50 cm for M1 and M2 nuts, respectively with reference to ground surface. For concrete, 10% bruising occurred at 5 cm and 7 cm for M1 and M2 nuts, respectively. The study revealed that bruise volume and bruise depth increased with an increase in drop height for both levels of maturity. M1 nuts should never be dropped from heights greater than 38 cm above ground and not higher than 8 cm above concrete to limit depth of bruise below the critical depth of 1.435 cm. Similarly, drop heights for M2 nuts were noted to be lower than 60 cm and 8 cm for ground and concrete, respectively in order to avoid bruise reaching its critical depth of 1.299 cm. Correlation analysis revealed highly significant correlation between bruise volume and bruise depth and coefficient of restitution (e). Increase in e significantly decreased bruise volume and depth. On the other hand, absorbed energy (Eabs) was noted to have highly significant positive correlation with bruise volume and depth. As Eabs increased, bruise volume and depth also increased. Prediction models were developed and validated relating magnitude of bruise to different parameters in the study.