International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology
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Preparation of Antioxidant Rich Herbal Mint Flavored Beverages using Grapes Juice
Get PDFThe present study entitled “Preparation of Antioxidant Rich Herbal Beverages Using Grapes Juice” was under taken to analyze the nutritional composition of grape and celery to be used for beverage preparation, using a variety of fruit bases like mint, also to chemically determine the nutritional constituents of the prepared beverages. Three different beverages were prepared using three different fruit base The five treatments that were applied in each product were T0 (fruit juice-100% ), T1 (grapes juice 93%, celery juice 5% and mint extract 2%), T2 (grapes juice 86%, celery juice 10% and mint extract 4%), T3 (grape juice 79%, celery juice 15% and mint extract 6%) and T4 (grapes juice 72%, celery juice 20% and mint extract 8%), T5 ( grapes juice 65%,celery 25% and mint extract 10%). The beverages prepared were organoleptically evaluated with regard to color, consistency, taste and flavor and overall acceptability using the 9 point Hedonic Scale. The nutritional compositions of the beverages were chemically determined with reference vitamin-C, total carbohydrate, carotene, iron and calcium using standard chemical procedures. The pH and viscosity was analyzed using standard AOAC (2005) procedures. The results were statistically analyzed using two way Analysis of Variance technique. Total carbohydrate content ranged from 9.98g to 49.90g/100ml, the carotene ranged from 2µg to 244.4µg, the highest being in grape and celery with mint. The iron content ranged from 1mg to 293.3mg/100ml highest being in grapes and celery with mint, the vitamin-C was between 6mg and 28.55mg, the highest being in grapes and celery with mint. The calcium content ranged from 1mg to 26.35mg/100ml, the highest being in grape and celery with mint. The pH ranged between 1.12 and 3.37. The viscosity ranged between 56 and 60.12 centipoises. Carotene, iron, calcium and vitamin C contents increased in the treated samples of all the four beverages as compared to control. Energy and Total carbohydrate content is decreased in the treated samples of all the four beverages as compared to the respective controls. Addition of herbal extracts not only increased the nutritional contents but also added variety in the choice of beverages. 
Rumen Degradation of Cassava Peel Meal Supplemented with Graded Levels of African Yambean by West African Dwarf Sheep in the Humid Zone of Nigeria
Get PDFThe effect of 0,10, 20 and 30% supplementation of cassava peel (Manihot esculenta Crantz) withAfrican yambean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa-AYB) on rumen degradability of dry and organicmatter (DM and OM) was investigated in a factorial experiment involving 4 treatments, 5incubation periods, 3 animals and 2 nylon-bag samples per animal per incubation period. Threerumen-fistulated West African Dwarf ewes of 30 months of age and weighing an average of31kg were used. Samples were incubated in the rumen for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. DM andOM degradation increased significantly (P< 0.05) when the legume (AYB) fraction in the dietsincreased from 0 to 20%. Any further increase in the legume fraction up to 30% of the diet didnot result in significant increases in DM and OM degradability. Also a significant (P< 0.05)increase in DM and OM degradability of all diets was recorded when incubation time in therumen increased from 6 to 48 hours. Degradability of DM was 31% for cassava peel alone and32, 38 and 39% respectively, for rations containing 10, 20 and 30% legume inclusion after 48hours incubation. There was no significant (P> 0.05) increase in DM and OM degradability after72 hours incubation time. The estimates of the immediate soluble fraction (a) and the rate ofdegradability (c) increased with increase in the level of AYB inclusion in the diets. As the levelof AYB supplement increased, the lag time necessary for the microbial population to invade thefeed also reduced appropriately. The study concludes that the inclusion of African yambeansupplement in the diet of WAD sheep fed cassava peel meal up to 20% resulted in significantimprovement in dry matter and organic matter degradation in the rumen. 
Impact of Soil Health Card on Soybean Production Technology in Ujjain Block of Ujjain District, M.P
Get PDFSoybean is known as “golden bean”, “miracle crop” etc, because of its several uses, It is anexcellent source of protein and oil. It contains good quality protein (43%), carbohydrate (21%), mineral(5%), moisture (8%), fat (20%), fiber (4%) and reasonable amounts of vitamins. Soybean is one of theimportant crops of the world. It is one of the most economical protein source in the world. It is a versatilecrop with innumerable possibilities of improving agriculture and supporting industry (Ali, 2003). MadhyaPradesh is known as the Soybean bowl of India, because major chunk of Soybean production is contributedby Madhya Pradesh State alone. Nutrients are essential for plants’ growth and development. When soilnutrients are missing or in short supply, plants suffer from nutrient deficiency and stop growing. Then,application of fertilizers to soils as per requirement is very important to provide balanced nutrients to theplants grown on it. Considering the growing importance of soil testing. The present study undertaken with120 soybean growers in Ujjain district of M.P. The study showed that out of the total beneficiaries, thehighest proportion of Soybean beneficiaries 45.83 percent was found to have medium impact about Soybeanproduction technology followed by high impact 33.33 percent and low impact about Soybean productiontechnology 20.84 percent respectively. Thus, the majority of beneficiaries were found to have medium impactof various components of Soybean production technology followed by high and low impact of variouscomponents of Soybean production technology. 
GLOBAL APPROACHES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MARKERS OF SEED QUALITY
Get PDF The term ‘Global or Genome Wide’ means the study of expression of thousands of genes at once to create global picture of cellular function. The study of ‘-omics’ is important to know the structure, functions & regulation of genes, to understand evolution & relationships of genomes and to interpret interactions between the genes and its environment. Studies using ‘-omics’ approaches support the finding that a main contributor of seed germination success is the quality of the messenger RNAs stored during embryo maturation on the mother plant. Use of global approaches such as transcriptomics, proteomics or metabolomics analysis could also result in the identification of new markers of seed quality. Transcriptome analysis are being used to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in dormancy loss by comparing the transcriptome of dormant and after-ripened embryos using a tissue-specific microarray approach. Proteomics have been used to describe the effect of different factors involved during germination and different developmental stages. The developmental changes triggered by internal programming and response to environmental factors induce metabolic transitions that result in modifications of final metabolite concentration. The characterization of biomarkers of seed vigor for seed improvement via breeding programs and/or technological and biotechnological approaches will allow the production of seeds of the highest possible quality with the goal of improving crop yields, particularly under stressful environmental conditions. There is need to identify areas in seed science that need attention from transcriptomic, proteomics and metabolomic based researches.
 
Price Spread and Vegetables Marketing in the Hinterlands of Pusa and Tajpur Blocks of Samastipur District of Bihar (India)
Get PDFThe present study aims at assessing price-spread in marketing of important vegetables grown in Pusa Block and Tajpur Block of Samastipur District of Bihar. The study is based on primary data collected from 120 vegetable growers located in 8 villages of the two blocks. It was observed that out of the total marketable surplus of important vegetables, larger share was from cauliflower (37.05per cent) closely followed by brinjal (35.95per cent) and pointed gourd (11.29per cent). Farm size wise analysis of marketable surplus indicated that larger contribution was from small farmers followed by medium and marginal farmers. Post-harvest losses were found to be higher in case of cabbage, cauliflower and brinjal. Four marketing channels were observed in operation (I) Producer Commission Agent Wholesaler (distant market) Commission agent (distant market) Retailer (distant market) Consumer (II) Producer Commission agent Retailer Consumer (III) Producer Commission agent Consumer (IV). Producer Commission agent (Darbhanga) Retailer (Darbhanga) Consumer. Channel (IV) is special channel which operate in case of pointed gourd, cauliflower and brinjal only. Of these channels channel-III was found to be more efficient followed by channel-II, channel-IV and channel-I. Higher charges of intermediaries, defective weighing of produce, lack of market place, lack of cold storage were some of the important problems in perception of vegetable growers. Provision of refrigerated vans, creation of cold storage and installation of processing facilities may prove important milestone in increasing income of the vegetable growers. 
DIETARY EXPOSURE RESIDUES OF PESTICIDES FROM CITRUS FRUITS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to determine the residual levels of pesticides in citrus fruits, to assess the exposure and to determine the acute risk to consumers. In this work, eight pesticides: azinphos-ethyl, carbofuran, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, metazachlor, methoxychlor, propham and sulfotep were analysed in 23 samples of citrus fruits, taken from the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Analyses were carried out by the QuEChERS approach developed for pesticide residue analysis in food, using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. To determine the risk, acute exposure assessment was performed according on International Estimation of Short Term Intake (IESTI) equations. In quantitative acute risk assessment, estimated dietary exposure was compared with the toxicological reference values Acute Reference Dose (ARfD). In four samples of oranges the levels of pesticide residues were below detectable limit, in six samples determined levels of pesticide residues were at or below the MRL, while in one sample level of pesticide residues exceeded MRL. In six samples of grapefruits the levels of pesticide residues were below detectable limit, in five samples determined levels of pesticide residues were at or below the MRL, while in one sample level of pesticide residues exceeded MRL. In one sample of grapefruit where the level of chlorpyrifos residue of 0.61 mg/kg was found above MRL, an acute exposure risk assessment was performed and there was not a risk for health of adults and children, because the value of the calculated dietary intake was below the ARfD.  
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Selected Agricultural Fields, Anand, Gujarat, India
Get PDF Soil is an important feature of ground which is very much essential for nourishment of innumerable ecosystems. Present study is based on investigation of agricultural areas in Anand, Gujarat with Rabi season crops from December 2016 to February 2017. It helps to know about expanse of effluence produced in selected zones. It gives indications of pollution in the soil which can be harmful to human health as well as the bionetwork also. It deals with study of selected physico-chemical parameters like, Electrical conductivity(mmhos/cm), pH, Temp (◦c), TDS (ppm), Bulk Density (g/cm3), Moisture (%),WHC (g/cm3), Chloride (mg/l), Salinity (%),Boron (mg/l), Nitrate (mg/l), Copper (mg/l), Chromium (mg/l), OC (%), In. phosphate (mg/l), Iron (mg/l), Sulfur (mg/l). Many of the parameters were inconsistent with the time and were above the acceptable edge, too.  
Effective Teaching of Basic Technology: Issues and Challenges
Get PDFThis research work was carried oat on the factors influencing the teaching of basic technology in the secondary schools in Ebonyi Local government Area of Ebonyi State. The study was guided by four research questions. Literature related to the study was reviewed. Structured questionnaire with (20) statement items was designed on four point rating scale for the fulfillment of this work which. The population of the study consisted of all the JSS III students in all the secondary schools in Ebonyi Local Government Area of Ebonyi state and the sample consisted of 6 teachers and 294 students from three drawn secondary school which made up 300 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using statistical mean. The result was generalized to the entire area. The findings of the study were analyzed and recommendations were made based on the findings
Mortality of Watermelon Aphids by Vegetable and Essential Oil with a Chemical Synthetic Product
Get PDFPlant extracts have historically served as models in the development of human care against agricultural diseases and pests.The production of medicines and the treatment of diseases began with the use of herbs. Following this, the mortality ofaphids in the watermelon fields was studied between the synthetic product Malyphos and the essential oil (Oregano) andthen vegetable oil (Neem) to compare them in terms of efficacy in mortality and environmental health. Because of this,watermelon seedlings containing many aphids have been taken with various doses of this product and these oils. Duringthe summer when there is a large number of aphids and after a controlled time, we determine the mortality rates of thisparasite over time by well-chosen doses of the synthetic product and these oils. This study of mortality between theproduct Malyphos and these oils (essential and vegetable) made it possible to demonstrate the role of these naturalextracts on the limitation of these parasites and their possible use as natural insecticide while preserving the human healthand the environment. 
Application of RS Data for Reservoir Sediment Profiling using Latin HypercubeOne at Time (LH-OAT) Technique
Get PDFAssessment of reservoir sediment and its distribution are essential for irrigation releases, reservoir operation and assessment of soil conservation measures in the catchment. The empirical area reduction method suggested by Borland and Miller, 1960 is commonly used to determine sediment prediction based on limited data from reservoirs in USA. In the present study, an attempt has been made to optimize the parameters (C, m and n) of empirical area reduction method using Latin Hypercube, one parameter at a time (LH-OAT) technique for determination of sediment distribution in Ravishankar Sagar reservoir situated on river Mahanadi in India having gross storage of 909.54 Mm3 and used mainly for irrigation purposes. The results obtained from optimized sediment distribution were compared with observed distribution through hydrographic survey (HS-2003) and further used to predict future sediment in reservoir. The proposed optimization technique conferred root mean square error of 10.79 Mm3 in comparison with conventional technique which provided the same as 11.85 Mm3 when both were compared with hydrographic survey. The best-fit revised water spread line/curve obtained from remote sensing results was by extrapolating in dead storage zone to determine new zero elevation and further computation of revised capacities at different levels. The results of remote sensing approach (RS-2003) were used in optimization technique to compare with hydrographic survey and found a close agreement of proposed remote sensing approach for determination capacity loss in dead storage zone also.