International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology
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EFFECTS OF DRYING AND GRINDING IN PRODUCTION OF HEALTHY VEGETARIAN SOUP MIX
Get PDFThe healthy vegetarian soup recipe is full of veggies, it can be made with dried mushrooms,legumes and vegetables. The investigations were carried out to study the effect of drying method (hot airdrying temperatures ranging from 50 to 70°C and freeze-drying) on colour and nutritional content of oystermushroom (Pleurotus otreatus), which is the most widely cultivated in Viet Nam. To describe the hot airdrying process, eight mathematical drying models were applied. Soup powder was passed through a sieveshaker for obtaining three different grades (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mm sieve sizes). The method of PrincipleComponent Analysis (PCA) was used to describe the sensory attributes of samples. The results showed thatmushroom dried at 70°C was the highest quality as compared to the other temperatures. The colourand nutritional content of freeze-dried samples (moisture content3%, protein31.98%, carbohydrate52.88%and phenolic content 31.13mgGAE/g) favourable in comparison to hot air drying. To establish dryingmodels for mushroom, Wang and Smith model was selected (R2>0.9). The PCA was represented 86% of thetotal variance in the sensory attribute data. The soup mix powder having particle size of 1 mm was foundbetter sensory quality among all other sizes
Effects of Nitrogen and Blended Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of tef [(Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] in Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Get PDFTef is a highly valued crop in the national diet of Ethiopians and the major crops grown in centralhighlands of Ethiopia. However, its productivity is constrained by low plant-available soil nutrients dueto depleting soil organic matter content and long history of intensive cultivation. Therefore, a fieldexperiment was carried out at Debrezeit agricultural research center in Ada’a district during the 2017main cropping season with the objective of to assessing the effect of N and blended (NPSZnB) fertilizerson yield and yield components of tef, nutrient uptake and verifying economically feasible rates of N andblended NPSZnB fertilizers for high yield of tef production. The experiment consisted four levels ofnitrogen (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg N ha-1) and five levels of blended (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg NPSZnB ha1) in factorial combinations using Kora tef variety as a test crop. The experiment was laid out in RCBDwith three replication. The result revealed that the main effects of N rates were significant (P<0.01) interms of total number of tillers, aboveground dry biomass and lodging index. The highest values wererecorded at the rate of 138 kg N ha-1. Similarly, the main effect of blended fertilizer was highlysignificantly (P<0.01) on aboveground dry biomass yield and straw yield, where by the highest valuewere recorded at the rate of 250 kg NPSZnB ha-1. The interaction of N and blended fertilizer significantly(P<0.05) affected plant height, effective tillers, harvest index and days to heading. The highest plantheight, effective tillers ,harvest index and days to heading were obtained at combined application of 138kg N ha-1and 200 kg NPSZnB ha-1, 46 kg N ha-1and 150 kg NPSZnB ha-192 N kg ha-1and 100 kgNPSZnB ha-1,and un-fertilized plot, respectively . The interaction also significantly (P<0.01) affectedgrain yield and the maximum (2002.5 kg ha-1) was obtained at combined application of 92 kg N and 100kg NPSZnB ha-1,Moreover, N,S,Zn and B uptake in grain and straw were significantly affected by theinteraction of N and blended fertilizers rate. The highest N, Zn and Boron uptake in grain were obtainedat the combined application of 92kg N and 100 kg NPSZnB ha-1fertilizer rates. The post-harvest soilanalytical result showed insignificant (P>0.05) influence of the fertilizers, except for the available Zn.Applying 100 kg blended NPSZnB ha-1supplemented with 92 kg N ha-1 had the highest net benefit,relatively low variable cost together with highest and acceptable MRR for tef production in Ada’adistrict. However, since the experiment was conducted only for one season and one site, repeating thetrial at different sites as well as on the same trial site would be important to draw sound recommendation. 
Foliar Nutrition of Different Sources of Phosphorus on Yield and Economics of Greengram (Vigna radiata.L.) in North Eastern Zone of Tamil Nadu
Get PDFNutrient management is an important cultural operation in increasing the productivity ofpulses. It is closely related to availability of nutrients and also mobilization absorption, and utilizationof nutrient from the soil. Foliar nutrition to pulse crops is very essential at flowering stage to arrest theflower dropping and also to induce the flowering. Accordingly, the field experiment was conducted ingreengram variety VRM (Gg) - 1 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Vazhavachanurduring summer season, 2019 with different sources of phosphorus as foliar spray in greengram. Thestudy revealed that the application of Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) as foliar spray @ 1.0 percent at flower initiation stage ( First spray) and 15 days after first spray (second spray) has recordedthe highest seed yield of 1161 kg ha-1 and mean haulm yield of 1929.12 kg ha-1in addition to the grossmonetary returns of Rs. 57,541 ha-1, net monetary returns of Rs. 36,989 ha-1 with B: C ratio of 2.79when compared to other sources of phosphorus at different concentrations in green gram cultivation. 
Study of Some Factors Influencing the Production of Durum Wheat Haploids by Cross Wheat x Maize
Get PDFCrosses were carried out in Tunisia between seven genotypes of durum wheat used as female parentand a local population of maize as a male parent. Spikes were treated 24 h after pollination with differenthormonal solutions containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), gibberellin (GA3) or silver nitrate(AgNO3). The production of haploid embryos was made using embryo rescue technique. Spikes were castratedmanually or not castrated and then pollinated early before anthesis. Fruit setting, embryos formation, andregeneration of haploid plants were studied. The parental varieties 'Mahmoudi' and 'Khiar' gave the highestfruit setting rates 54.3 and 53.1%, respectively. The embryo rates were variable for parents and hybrids. Theline 'LSA2' gave the highest regeneration rate (90%). The post-pollination treatment using 10 mg/l 2,4-D wasthe most favorable for fruit setting, embryos formation and haploid plant regeneration. The post-pollinationtreatment by spraying spikes by the hormonal solution was more favorable for fruit setting and embryosformation than soaking them in this solutio
ANALYSIS OF ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY AMONG SMALL-SCALE RAIN-FED RICE (Oryza sativa) FARMERS IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe research estimated the allocative efficiency among small-scale rain-fed ricefarmers in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select362 rain-fed rice farmers in eight Local Government Areas of Adamawa State. Stochastic frontierproduction cost function was employed for the analysis of the data. Maximum Likelihood Estimateof the stochastic frontier production cost function revealed that all the variables included in the costfunction had the expected positive signs. This suggest that there is a positive relationship betweenthe total cost of production and the cost of these variables. Cost of seed, labour, herbicides andoutput of rice carried the expected sign and were significant at varying degrees of probability andthe gamma (ϒ) coefficient of 87% implying that these variables contributed 87% of the total cost ofrice production incurred by the farmers included in the model. The allocative efficiency among thefarmers ranged between 0.52 - 0.98 with a mean of 0.83, indicating that there is a scope forimproving allocative efficiency by 17% given the prices of these inputs. Age of the farmer, literacylevel, farming experience, seed variety and primary occupation were found to reduce costinefficiency among the farmers. The study, recommends revitalization of formal education andaccessibility to improved seed varieties to the farmers through government agriculturaltransformation agend
PARTICIPATION OF RURAL WOMEN IN AGRICULTURAL OPERATION IN GHAZIPUR DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH
Get PDFThis study analyzed women’s participation and decision making process in farming activities inSaidpur Block of Ghazipur district, India. In rural India, women's role in the household is greatly defined bysocial structure and familial ties. Arranged marriages specific to each caste system, determine theireconomic worth, and are expected early on in a woman's life. 36 village panchayat were selected fromSaidpur block. From each village, approximately 10 farm women were selected proportionately making thetotal size of 360 rural women. Most rural women farmers sampled in this study were in the middle age groupbetween 36-50 years; predominantly on nuclear families; and from SC and ST and OBC households.Women participation in farming activities decreased with the increase of education levels. Large number ofwomen respondents was engaged in agricultural labours. Education of farm women was found effective inthe participation of farm women in agricultural decision making process. Respondents of forward castesparticipated in farming decisions with greater frequencies than SC and ST. Although, the decision makingscore was higher among the male farmers, most decisions were taken jointly by both female and maleparticipants indicating the development of social status of the farming women
Constraints in Adoption of Vegetable Production Practices by the Farmer and Remedial Measures in Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh
Get PDF The study was carried out during the year 2016-2017 Selected from highestnumber of vegetable growers in Faridpur, Bhunta, Bitharichainpur and Shergarh, Block fromBareilly district of Uttar Pradesh. the maximum number of the respondents 85.41% with adopta rank of first were agreed with the statements that “Lack of research support in providingscientific rationality of practices” and, followed by 77.91% “No documentation on vegetablefarming practices”. In the marketing problem maximum number of the respondents 66.66%with adopt a rank of first were agreed with the statements that “Poor transport facility” is thecommon problem, followed by “lack of minimum support price for the vegetable product”51.25% at ranks second
Current Land Uses on Problem Soils in Hau Giang Province, Viet Nam
Get PDFIn recent years, rice crop intensification in Hau Giang province, which has put a lot of pressureand led to a great change in soil resources and its distribution. The previous soil map of the province (2008)has changed and out of date. Then The research aims: to identify the diagnostic horizons, properties,materials and to update the soil map. The field data was collected as soils profile description from 175profiles, and 51 profiles for soil analysis. Soil classification was followed WRB 2006. The results ư shownthat two major soil groups were found, in which four diagnostic horizons (Mollic, Umbric, Plinthic, andSulfuric); one diagnostic property (Gleyic); and one diagnostic material (Sulfidic) were identified, and 15 soiltypes were classified. The Gleysols soil group have 14 soil types (hamoGL, hamoGL(hu), monplGL),(moGL(ptip), moGL(ntip), moGL(dtip), (umGL(ptio), huGL(ptio), umpplGL(ntio), umGL(ntio), huGL(ntio),umGL(dtio), (mowsGL(ntip), umwsGL(ntio)) total area of 9,551.32 ha, accounting for 59.34%; whileAnthrosols soil group have one soil type (RGah) area of 66.252,91 ha, accounting for 40.66%.Soil name and soil map of Haugiang was updated according to WRB 2006 and can be used for further studyand land use plan of province. Rice cultivation is dominated on most of Gleysols soil groups, while pineapple,sugarcane and fruit crops grow on the raised bed are mainly on Anthrosol soil group, where acid sulfate soilis dominated
Assessment of in vitro Antifungal Prospective of Fungicides against Alternaria alternata, A Causal Organism of Potato Brown Spot and Early Blight Disease
Get PDFEfficacy evaluation of three fungicides was undertaken against phytopathogenic fungi Alternariaalternata. Fungicide copper oxychloride was found to restrict the growth of fungi at 500ppmconcentration, whereas at 5000ppm concentration of benomyl and mancozeb growth of fungi was notoccurred. At 1000ppm concentration growth of fungi was fifty percent compare to control on PDAmedium. At 5000ppm concentration of copper oxychloride and mancozeb spore germination did notoccur. In case of both the fungicides at 1000ppm concentration percent germination was foundbetween 56 and 75 percent. Germination percent of spores was always lesser than control in all thetreatments. Similarly germ tube growth was not occurred in copper oxychloride and mancozeb treatedspores at 5000ppm concentration. Germ tube growth was found always influenced by the treatment offungicides. Inhibitory effect of fungicides was dose dependent and proportional to the concentration offungicides. Reduction in growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation increased on increasingthe concentration of fungicides. 
Effectiveness of WhatsApp Messages Regarding Improved Agricultural Production Technology Disseminated by KVK, Dewas(M.P.)
Get PDFNew agricultural technologies are generated by research institutes, universities, private companies,and by the farmers themselves. The role of research and advisory services is to give highly accurate, specificand unbiased technical and management information and advice in direct response to the needs of theirclients. Due to poor linkages between research and advisory services, the adoption of new agriculturaltechnologies by farmers is often very slow and research is not focusing on the actual needs of farmers. Associal networking (Whatsapp) continue to grow and attract more users, it is important to research thepossible and perceived opportunities, benefits, and risks of using this technology. So keeping this in mindproposed the ongoing study with 120 farmers (whatsapp beneficiaries) of Dewas district. It is revealed fromthe study that the higher number of the whatsapp beneficiaries found sometime effective regarding overallwhatsapp messages followed by never effective and always effective of overall whatsapp message inagricultural development.