International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology
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Morphological Quantitative Characterization of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Normal and Late Sown Conditions
Get PDFA field Experiment was conducted at research farm of Department of Seed Science andTechnology, CCS HAU, Hisar, during Rabi 2016-17 to study “Morphological quantitative characterizationof wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under normal and late sown conditions”. The 30 wheat genotypes(WH 157, WH 283, WH 542, WH 711, WH 1021, WH 1025, WH 1080, WH 1105, WH 1124, WH 1127, WH1142, WH 1202, WH 1221, WH 1316, WH 1320, WH 1322, C 306, P 13729, DBW 88, DBW 90, DPW 621-50, HD 2967, HD 3059, HD 3086, KRL 19, KRL 210, PBW 550, PBW 723, PBW 725, RAJ 3765) weregrown at two different sowing dates i.e. normal (6th Nov. 2016) and late (24th Dec. 2016) in RandomizedBlock Design (RBD) with three replication. The quantitative traits decreased significantly under late sownconditions as compared to normal sown condition. None of the genotype had very long or very short awns innormal sown conditions. But, in late sown condition one genotype WH 542 was noted very short awns length.Five genotypes (PBW 723, PBW 725, WH 1105, WH 1127 and P 13929)had long ear length in both sowingconditions. The beak length significantly increased with delay in sowing. Among all the genotypes, only onegenotype (WH1322) had short, and two genotypes (PBW 550 and WH 1316) had very long lower glume beaklength. In late sown condition, most of the genotypes reduced their days to heading, anthesis and maturitywere completed their life cycle early to combat the stress. The pattern of days of anthesis was followed bydays to maturing. The environment and temperature had significant effect on physiological maturity ofcrop. In normal sown condition, all the genotypes had higher number of spikelets per plant as compared tothe late sown condition. The seed yield of wheat genotypes was influenced by the time of sowing. The higherseed yield of wheat was produced under normal sown condition
Soil Characteristics and Agro-well Water Quality in Newly Developed Farmlands in Mahaweli System L-Ethawetunuwewa Block, Sri Lanka
Get PDFAgro-wells are the most reliable water resource in newly developed farmlands inMahaweli System L. However, water quality of agro-wells and its relationship with soilparameters in surrounding farmlands have not yet been investigated. This study wasconducted to investigate agro-well water quality, to explore its relationship with soil elementsand to find out short-scale soil spatial variability of surrounding areas of agro-wells. Watersamples were collected from 10 agro-wells located in the study area at three time points. Soilsamples from surrounding farmlands of each agro-well were also collected. In addition,intensive soil sampling was done surrounding a selected agro-well to prepare short-scalespatial variability soil maps using Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation technique. Soiland water samples were analyzed for relevant chemical parameters. Correlation analysis wasperformed to investigate relationship between soil and water quality parameters. All waterquality parameters except NO3 -N, K and Cd were within acceptable range. Potassium, Cd inall tested agro-wells and NO3 -N levels in 6 agro-wells have exceeded the maximumpermissible level. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive linear correlation betweensoil and water concentrations of NO3 -N (r = 0.83) Available Sulfur (r = 0.81) and Ca (r =0.82). Natural short-scale spatial variability pattern of soil N, P, K in the studied area havebeen altered due to anthropogenic activities such as fertilizer applications. 
Yield and Economics of Summer Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.) under Plastic Mulching and Drip Irrigation
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of different mulch conditions anddrip irrigation levels on yield and gross return of summer okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.).Assessment of crop yield and economic returns was carried out for different treatment combinations viz.;silver black plastic mulch (M1), black plastic mulch (M2) and no mulch (M3) in conjunction with 1.0 ETc (I1),0.8 ETc (I2), 0.6 ETc (I3) and 0.4 ETc (I4) drip irrigation levels at Instructional Farm, CAET, JAU, Junagadhin 2017. The study results indicated that the highest crop yield (22424.24 kg/ha) was achieved under silverblack plastic mulch with 0.8 ETc treatment combination. Economic analysis revealed that the maximumseasonal net return of ₹ 266719.52 per ha could be obtained by adopting silver black plastic mulch incombination with drip irrigation level at 0.8 ETc with a BCR of 4.83. 
EXTENSION SERVICES IN TIMES OF COVID-19: THE CASE OF AGRICULTURE
Get PDFThe Corona virus disease commonly called as COVID-19 is showing no signs ofdecline. Every passing day is witnessing a spike in the total no. of corona related cases in thecountry as well as across the globe. The number of infected cases over the world till date (April23, 2020) has crossed 25 lakhs and in our county the no. of corona infected cases have crossedthe 20,000 mark. Alone in the United States of America more than 20,000 peoples have died dueto this virus. Although the timely measures such as social distancing and complete lockdown;aggressive tracing and increased testing; quarantine and isolation announced by our Hon’blePrime minister has paid us, but still things are not going the right way. States like Maharashtraand Punjab are showing an upward drift in the no. of infected cases and states like Goa, Manipur,Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim are largely free of this pandemic. This pandemic hasthrown life out of gear. As everything is locked down, the economy of the country is the worst tobe hit. With government revenue going down and the expenditure mounting upwards comingtime are going to definitely affect the financial health of the countr
EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF MUSA ACUMINATA UNDER IN VITRO STRESS CONDITION WITH DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS
Get PDFSalinity represents one among the foremost abiotic stress factors influence plant growth andproduction round the world. In this experiment, in vitro multiplication of Musa acuminata has been standardized.The physiological and morphological responses of the crop against salt stress has been identified. Seven differentNaCl levels [0(control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250and 300mM] were maintained at shoot multiplication stage for 6-weeks.To study the effects of Salicylic acid (SA) and Abscisic acid (ABA) on salt stress in banana (Musaacuminata), the explants were treated with varying SA and ABA concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3mM) andincubated on MS media containing different levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300mM) of NaCl in vitro. After twomonths, proliferation rate, fresh weight increase, relative water content, chlorophyll level and proline accumulationswere measured and analyzed. The results indicated that with increasing levels of NaCl, proliferation rate, freshweight, relative water content and chlorophyll concentrations were significantly decreased. The SA and ABAconcentrations improved plant performance by increasing proliferation rate, fresh weight increase and relative watercontent. Although, non SA and ABA treated plants were not significantly responsive to increasing levels of NaCl interms of elevated proline content, they responded positively to supply of SA and ABA by showing significantincrease in proline, fresh weight and chlorophyll contents under water stressed conditions. The results revealed thatexogenous application of SA and ABA helped to reduce the harmful effects of salt deficient on banana regeneratesin vitro and in vivo condition
Beneficial Use of Vedic Indian Cow Dung
Get PDFAt the cow's name our western-influenced intellectuals sneer. The same scholars sneered atyoga in the first place. Doing pranayama at social events is now a trend. According to Vedas,cow essentially supplies five products that are considered as Panchgavya that have been usedby humans for having several functional and therapeutic properties. The word Panchgavyacomes from Sanskrit, meaning "Panch" means "five" and "gavya" means cow products.The Panchgavya is a five-product blend. Which are: (i) Godugdha (cow-milk); (ii) Goghruta(ghee) (also classified as clarified butter); (iii) Gomutra (urine); (iv) Gomaya (dung)-deemedimportant as Gomutra; and (v) Dahi (curd). Three of these products (i.e. Godugdha, Gomutra,and Gomaya) are produced directly from the cow whereas two products (Goghruta and Dahi)are extracted from milk. Every Panchgavya product has its unique characteristics and qualitiesand these are widely used in health, agriculture and other fields. These have been commonlyused in the treatment of different diseases since ancient times, since they have high medicinalqualities. 
In Vitro Evaluation of Paddy Straw Treated with Maize Spent Liquor at Varying Levels and Different Days of Incubation
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to evaluate paddy straw treated with maize spent liquor (MSL) at 10, 20 and30% and subjected to different days (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of incubation for in vitro digestibility of nutrients. Chemicalcomposition of MSL reported to contain 16.88, 91.96, 8.04, 14.33, 4.37, 0.00, 73.26, 0.24 and 0.69 percent DM, OM, TA,CP, EE, CF, NFE, calcium and phosphorus, respectively. Data revealed that in vitro digestibility (%) of dry matter, organicmatter and crude protein of paddy straw treated with MSL at 10 and 20% increased linearly (p>0.05) from 1 to 5 days ofincubation, respectively, but decreased at 30% level of inclusion. Higher in vitro digestibility (%) of dry matter (50.10),organic matter (52.99) and crude protein (14.97) were observed in paddy straw treated with 20% MSL and incubated forone day compared to other treatments. It is concluded that better in vitro digestibility of nutrients were observed in paddystraw treated with MSL at 20% level and incubated for one day
Assessment of Mental Health and Psychological Counseling for Farmers
Get PDF: Farmers at present are undergoing various kinds of stresses due to troubled situations such as hightemperatures, heavy rains, periodic droughts, indebtedness, and low crop productivity. Isolation in farms affectsthem. They often show distress symptoms of clinical disorders like anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress, andsuicidal tendency. Due to changing environment, they are facing increased levels of stress, worries, depression,problem in sleeping, emotional outbursts, dramatic changes in weight, substance abuse, and feelings of failure.Farmers can manage tough times by staying focused, connected, tuned to mass media channels for updatedinformation, maintaining, and participation in social work. Farmers should keep sustained social contact, doplentiful of exercises, read an interesting book, participate in social activities, and involve in fun and frolic. InState Agricultural Universities (SAUs), psychology courses on mental health of farmers should be offered toagriculture students during graduation so that they can understand farmers’ problems better and are trained tocounsel farmers on proper psychological health car
TECHNOLOGICAL GAP IN RECOMMENDED CULTIVATION PRACTICES OF POTATO GROWERS IN EAST KHASI HILLS DISTRICT OF MEGHALAYA
Get PDFThis study has been conducted to find out the technological gap in recommended cultivation practicesof the potato growers in order to understand the extent of the difference between the traditional and nontraditional practices practiced by the local farmers in the district. The aforementioned study was conducted inEast Khasi Hills district in the year 2020. A descriptive research designed was applied for this study. The primarydata was collected from 120 respondents by personal interview method using pre-structure interview schedule.After the analysis of the data, it was observed that, maximum number of the respondents (38.30%) were havingmedium level of extension contact and majority of the potato growers (58.00 %) belonged to high level of over-alltechnological gap category. It indicates that a sum number of the population had incorporated the newtechnologies while others have still yet to adopt and use the new recommended potato cultivation. The socioeconomic variables associated with the respondents, such as age, land holding, education, annual income andmass media exposure, extension contact and personal contact were negatively and significantly associated withthe overall technological gap. The above results compel the research and extension system to work on the gapsand negative relationship in a pragmatic wa
USE OF MACHINE LEARNING IN GROUNDWATER LEVEL FORECASTING
Get PDFKnowledge about the current groundwater levels of an area play a very important role in proper utilization and managementof groundwater supply. Use of machine learning for groundwater levels prediction can drastically change the wayforecasting, monitoring and management of groundwater is carried out traditionally, reducing the need of costly surveysand reduce dependence on manual monitoring of wells. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been used progressivelyin recent years for various hydrological applications because of their ability to truthfully model the complicated non-linearrelationships. Availability of proper database and frequency of data collection for creating accurate and usable dataset isone of many constraints faced when using machine learning algorithms for groundwater level prediction. Use of ANN, GP,SVM and ELM for groundwater levels prediction has many advantages over traditional methods; Performance of SVM canbe enhanced by using SVM hybrid models such as SVM-QPSO and SVM-RBF. Adaptive neural fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) and genetic programming (GP) are the artificial intelligence tools that help to predict and simulate groundwaterlevels. GP simulated equations decrease the computational effort by using common simulation packages that can yieldresults with acceptable accuracy. Statistical indicators RMSE, r, R2, MAE and MAPE can be used for the comparison ofthese models and find best suited model under a given condition