International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology
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CONSTRAINTS FACED BY FARM WOMEN IN AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS AND ALSO IN DECISION MAKING AND SEEK THEIR SUGGESTIONS FOR BETTER PARTICIPATION
Get PDFIndia is a country of great tradition, where social customs and norms exert a firm grip over the behavioral patterns of individuals. Women constitute one of the most important and dynamic but deprived and long neglected sections of the Indian society. For the present study Prayagraj district is selected by purposive sampling because the participation of women in agriculture is comparatively more than the other districts of Uttar Pradesh. There are 20 blocks in the selected district out of that, Kaudihaar block is selected by purposive sampling because maximum numbers of women are engaged in agriculture. One hundred twenty farmers were selected from 8 villages. Data were collected by using pre-tested schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Lacks of family support, lack of knowledge, dominance of male members in the family are the constraints faced by farm women. Farm women faced major constraints in decision making process about various agriculture related activities were: social/cultural norms and lack of self confidence in decision. Empowerment of women in developing countries like India will lead the nation to a breaking issue of humanist thinking for globalization. The major suggestions offered by farm women to overcome the constraints were more technical guidance regarding scientific farming should be given to farm women and training should be imparted at village level
KNOWLEDGE OF THE FARMERS TOWARDS IMPROVED SUGARCANE CULTIVATION PRACTICES IN ADDATHEEGALA BLOCK OF EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Get PDFSugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important commercial crop of India. Sugarcane and sugar beet are used for large scale production of sugar in the world. Amongst the sugar producing plants, sugarcane is responsible for about 60.00 per cent of world’s sugar production. Sugarcane is cultivated mainly in the tropics, though in India it is also grown in sub-tropical areas. Sugarcane is the main source of sugar in Asia and Europe. Sugarcane is grown primarily in the tropical and sub-tropical zones of the southern hemisphere. Sugarcane is the raw material for the production of white sugar, jiggery (Gur) and khandsari. It is also used for chewing and extraction of juice for beverage purpose. Kumar (2019). The study was based on both primary and secondary data. The study was conducted in few selected villages of Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh it was concluded that majority of the respondents belongs to the medium level of knowledge. Nearly 44.16 per cent of respondents were having the knowledge towards sugarcane cultivation practices. 
A Study on the Impact of Farmer Producer Organisations on its Member Respondents in Puri District of Odisha
Get PDFndia has over 92 million small holdings or nearly 21% of the world’s small holdings of 450 million, the second largest after China. Collectivization of producers, especially small and marginal farmers, into producer organizations is emerging as one of the most effective pathways to address the many challenges of agriculture and most importantly, improved access to investments, technology and inputs and markets. The present study entitled “Impact analysis of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) on vegetable farmers of Puri district of “Odisha” was carried out from September 2019 to July 2020 with a perceptual analysis among the member respondents (vegetable farmers) of FPOs of Puri district with a total sample size of 131 respondents selected through proportionate random sampling from three active FPOs comprised of 1310 vegetable farmers of the district in an intention to find out the socio economic profiles of members of farmer producer organisation, its impact and constraints faced by the respondents. The study found that only 8.41 percent (11 numbers) of the respondents were illiterate and rest were having education from primary level to graduation and above. The result revealed that only 18.32 percent (24 numbers) of the respondents had high extension contact whereas 63.36 percent (83 numbers) and 18.32 percent (24 numbers) of the respondents had medium and low level of extension contact respectively. The impact analysis of FPOs found higher mean score in knowledge development (mean = 2.11) followed by social development (mean=1.98). A majority of 76.34 percentage of member respondents showed medium level technical development followed by 14.5 percentage in high level and only 9.16 percentage in low level of technical development. The members indicated a remarkable increase in their production (mean score=2.504) followed by lower input cost (2.481) and decrease in transaction cost (2.458. The independent variables like average annual income and extension contact showed positive significant association with the technical development due to FPO. About 96.18 percentage member respondents fully agreed on prevalence of insufficient storage facilities followed by lack of awareness on importance of grading and packaging (77.86%) and computer Illiteracy (74.05%) while 66.36 and 55.73 percentage member respondents agreed on the constraints, insufficient training and services and difficulties in following recommended practices respectively. The member respondents perceived major marketing constraints (mean score= 2.55) followed by technical constraints (2.418) and economic constraints (2.35). Due to major marketing constraints, the farmers were still far away in getting remunerative prices for their produce, which need to be restructured to make higher impact on vegetable farmers
KNOWLEDGE OF FARMERS TOWARDS PRIVATIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN GANJAM DISTRICT OF ODISHA
Get PDF A vast country like India cannot afford to ignore ever increasing role of PAES carried out by many individuals and agencies like Agricultural consultants, group of progressive farmers, mass media like newspapers, TV, agricultural magazines, non-government organizations, private sector banks etc. Today the challenge is not the same. Finding better market for surplus produced decides Indian agriculture. Limited rescores in extension compel to look for the support of other extension system, thus opened thinking on private extension. The present extension system has ultimatum for reshaping and strengthening the structural design for the delivery of agricultural technology and services as needed by the farming community. The study was conducted in Ganjam District of Odisha purposively for investigating socio-economic status and the association of independent variables with farmers’ knowledge towards Privatization of Agricultural Extension Services. Descriptive research design was used for the present study. A total of 120 respondents were selected purposively as a sample for the present investigation. The data was collected by using pretested schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Karl Pearson’s Co-efficient of Correlation test was applied to find out the association between farmers knowledge with independent variables. The major findings of the study were the socio-economic status of the respondents was found to be of medium level, the knowledge of the respondents towards PAES had significant association with the Age, Annual income, Education, Land holding Mass Media Exposure, Extension contact, Risk orientation, and scientific orientation. From the study, it is clear that PAES has become essential in our country to increase the competitiveness in the world and give justice to our farmers. At the same time, it requires great caution about problems and constraints emerged in PAES. Keeping this points stated above the present study was undertaken in Ganjam district of Odisha with the following objectives: To determine the socio-economic status of the respondents. To ascertain the association between independent variables and knowledge of farmers towards Privatization of Agricultural Extension Service (PAES)
CONSTRAINTS EXPERIENCED BY MUSHROOM GROWERS IN ADOPTING IMPROVED MUSHROOM PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN PUSA, BIHAR
Get PDF Mushrooms (vegetarian meat/vegetable beef stick) is becoming fast popular because of its short time period between cultivation and harvesting; less initial investment and can be grown with locally available resources. Though more technology is available for boosting mushroom production, the yield so far achieved is not high. Hence, an attempt is made to find out the constraints faced by mushroom growers in adoption of improved mushroom production practices. Samastipur district of Bihar was purposively selected for the study because, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, a pioneer in mushroom production technology is located in the study area. 120 respondents from six villages of Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar forms the respondents of the present study. Primary data was collected from the mushroom growers and the responses were subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that unavailability of quality spawn, unavailability of skilled labor, absence of technical guidance, high transport cost, unavailability of storage facilities, high cost of spawn and long distance market were the most problematic constraints faced by the mushroom growers. Thus, it can be concluded that adequate extension service should be made available to make mushroom cultivation popular, market and marketing of the products. 
Constraints faced by the Respondents in Cultivation of Betel Vine in Malappuram District of Kerala
Get PDFBetel vine (Piper betel L. ) in India is grown as an important cash crop across the states, of, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tripura ,Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. A study was undertaken in Malappuram district of Kerala for analysis of constraints faced by the farmers in betel vine cultivation covering Tanur block taking six villages selected purposively where the crop is grown as a major crop. A total 120 betel vine growers were selected randomly from six villages. It is observed that nearly half of the respondents felt the constraints were severe (45%) in betel vine cultivation, followed by not severe (31.66%) and very severe (23.33%). Most of the respondents experienced labour shortage or high labour cost as the most problematic constraint, the study further indicated that the second most important constraint found was price fluctuation followed by water scarcity, transportation and insects and diseases. 
ATTITUDE OF BENEFICIARIES & NON-BENEFICIARIES TOWARDS MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT
Get PDFThe Government of India created a historic act, by enacting the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), the largest employment generating programme in the world, ensuring the right to work in a country with a population of over one billion. This Act gives legal guarantee of at least one hundred days of wage employment in a financial year to a rural household, whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled and manual work. The present study was conducted in Dinara block of Rohtas district of Bihar. Ex post facto research design was followed for the analysis because the research is conducted after the occurrence of a particular incident. There are 61 villages in Dinara block, including the village of Dinara itself. Total number of 6 villages were selected through random sampling based on existence of MGNREGA Program. A total number of 60 beneficiaries and 60 non-beneficiaries of MGNREGA scheme were selected through random sampling for the present study. From the above analysis, it was concluded that 51.67 percent of the beneficiaries’ respondents is having high level of Attitude, whereas in non-beneficiaries 56.67 percent of the respondents is having medium level of Attitude. 
CONSTRAINTS RELATED TO PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF INLAND FISH (Catla catla) IN WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
Get PDFCatla catla. Fish is one of the major inland fish produced across the country. West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh was selected for the study.98 respondents from 4 villages were selected based on the population of the villages. The present study was conducted in the year 2019-2020years.This paper examines the constraints faced by the fish farmers while producing and marketing of the inland fish (Catla catla) which reveals that high cost of seed in production and lack of government support price in marketing are the major constraints expressed by the farmers. 
RESPONSE OF RICE TO BALANCED FERTILIZATION IN TYPIC USTIFLUVENT SOIL
Get PDFBalanced fertilizer uses in food grain crops including rice is one of the important considerations in providing food security to the burgeoning population and promoting soil quality in sustainable intensive agriculture. Wide spread negative nutrient balance in different production system can be overcome by adopting integrated nutrient management. Field experiments were conducted in farmers holding belonging to Padugai series (Typic Ustifluvents) to investigate the response of rice to balanced fertilization. The treatments employed in the study were T1) Control T2) Farmer‘s practice (125, 62.5, 62.5 kg N, P2O5, K2O), T3) 100% NPKS Zn (120: 38: 38: 20: 5 kg N, P2O5, K2O, S and Zn - kharif and 150: 50: 50: 20: 5 kg N, P2O5, K2O, S and Zn - rabi), T4 ) T3 minus N, T5) T3 minus P, T6) T3 minus K, T7) T3 minus PK, T8) T3 minus S, T9) T3 minus Zn, T10 ) T3 minus S Zn, T11) 75% NPK + S + Zn + PM @ 4 t ha-1 and T12) 50% NPK + S + Zn + PM @ 4 t ha-1. The test crop was rice with variety ADT 43 (Kharif) and BPT 5204 (Rabi). The experiment was conducted in RBD design with three replications. The highlight of the outcome was All the treatment caused a significant increase in growth and yield over control. The tallest plant, highest tiller count, LAI, chlorophyll content was observed with treatment involving 75% NPK + S + Zn + PM @4tha-1 and was closely followed by 100% NPKS Zn and 50% NPK + S + Zn + PM @ 4 t ha-1. The highest grain yield (5650, 6080 kg ha-1), straw yield (6910, 7418 kg ha-1), highest grain yield response (2905, 2925 kg ha-1), percent increase in grain (105.8, 116.9) and straw (108. 114.1) in kharif and rabi respectively was realised in 75% NPK + S + Zn + PM @ 4 t ha-1. There was perceptible reduction in growth and yield of rice, where there was omission of single or two nutrients in the fertilizer schedule. To conclude, balanced fertilization with INM strategy not only maximizes the rice yield but also maintains soil health and nutrient saving
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND PARTICIPATION OF RURAL WOMEN IN PADDY CULTIVATION IN IMPHAL-WEST DISTRICT OF MANIPUR
Get PDFWomen plays a significant and crucial role in agricultural development and allied fields. The central role of women in any society ensures stability, progress and long-term development of a nation. Rice is the stable food of more than half of the world’s populations. It is known fact that rural women historically have played and continue to play important role in rice farming activities. Considering the importance regarding the extent of participation of rural women in rice cultivation. Hence the present study was undertaken to find out the extent of participation of rural women in paddy cultivation with respect to socio-economic profile of rural women of Wangoi tehsil in Imphal- West district of Manipur. The study revealed that the relationship between participation and socio-economic profile of respondents were Education(0.295*), Mass media exposure (0.371*), Social participation(0.430*), Sources of information(0.300*), Innovative Proneness(0.478*) and Economic motivation(0.414*) are positively significant at 0.05% whereas Age(-0.164NS), Family size(0.186NS), Annual income(0.177NS) and Land holdings(-0.159NS) are positive but non-significant at 0.05% to extend of participation of the respondent respectively.