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Marriage: Tradition, Female Agency and Urdu Novel
No full textRight to choose partner is an important theme in feminist criticism. This right gives a person liberty to live a desirable life. In subcontinent, women still does not have this right unanimously. It is interesting that modern literature has liberalize the representational world, which impacts the real world, although in a slow and steady manner. This article explores early Urdu novel as an example that positively gave voice to the female. The discussion is laid in the historical context
Sangam: From Romance to Realism
No full textAhsan Frooqi's novel "Singham" belongs to those novels which were created by inspiration of division of 1947. This division of India and Pakistan forced every mind to think about what is the relationship of the people who live in India. The character of 'Muslim' in India is permanent forever, he considers everything to the world and he forgets even to God in the love of world at last he accesses toward reality through Roman.  
Punjab's Linguistic Land Scape: Postcolonial Reading of Literary, Political and Social Contexts
No full textFort William College was formed in 1800 at Calcutta by the personnel of East India Company for the main purpose of indigenous languages acquisition to its civil and military officials. The various departments like Hindoostanee, Punjabi, Persian, Arabic and other local languages were established for this purpose. John Gilchrist was the head of Hindoostanee (Urdu) language department. He devise the refined dialect of Hindoostanee language named Urdu here which was the language of command for northern Indian parts in colonial period. This language was imposed as an official language of different Indian parts included Punjab. Punjab was being governed by Maharaja Ranjeet Singh at that time. Persian was the official and Punjabi was the language of common man at that time. The literacy rate of Punjab was above eighty percent at that time. Since 1857, the language landscape of Punjab was changed by the British Rulers and The Persian and Punjabi Language was replaced by Urdu Language which was not the language of commoners here. There were two types of views from local intelligentsia as well as The British officials to change the language identification of this province or not. Due to adopt the Urdu language, the literacy rate of Punjab was reduced automatically. This action by the rulers changed political as well as the social scenario of this region. The third language Saraiki of the western part of Punjab was also accepted serious changes in itself. After 1947, The East Punjab restore the real Punjabi Language in India because it was the religious and first language of Sikh community, but this Language change was continued in Punjab province. This colonial agenda was the effective reason for the dramatic linguistic changes in 19th and 20th century in Punjab. The historical and socio linguistics changes will be observed and discussed in colonial and pre-colonial period in this article
The Zeitgeist in Zahra Nigah's Poetry
No full textMan is superior to other living beings because he uses language and expresses his views through an artistic way. Poetry is very natural among other genres of literature. Poetry is a combination of different forms of art like music, sculpture, dance and painting etc. Poetry is created through imagination and scenses. Modern urdu poetry especially modern urdu poem and other genres have been introduced under the impact and influence of English literature, Women’s contribution in poetry is a clear sign of new and different approaches in relation between women writers and literature. In this article female’s contribution in jadeed Nazm (free verse) has been highlighted especially. The well known poetess “Nigah Zahra” has been discussed, because she has been contributed creative work especially in poetry by visual images and senses and present a descriptive work in free verse by using five senses
Punjab as the first Centre of Persian Literature in India
No full textIn respect of literature, Punjab has been a fecund soil. It has played a dynamic role in disseminating Persian literature as it has done in all other languages which has enabled Persian literature to stand on par with Iranian literature. In comparison to Iraqi and Khurasani schools of thought the improvement of Hindi school of thought set in. Punjab plays a vital role in Persian literature. It gave out a spark which enlightened the whole of India with the scope of Persian literature. It is due to Punjab that the value and esteem of Persian literature in India because in the soil of Punjab grew up the towering writers like Naktai Lahori, Abul Farj Rooni Masood Saad Salman from whom the well-known writers like Anwar Zaheer Faryabi got the influence. The favorable clime of Punjab was conducive to the foundations of Persian in such a way that it sprouted and flourished to attain its new heights which was grafted into other languages. However, the actual impression is of Persian which shows its influence on Ghazal and other genres. And its originators are also the literary men in Punjab. The germination of Persian literature in this soil is the telling evidence of its fecundity. Not only did Punjab know the literary importance of Persian but it also made it billow into greatness and acquainted it with new tastes. It amalgamated the culture of Punjab with the civilization of India with such beauty as the turquoise in a ring doubles its grace. In respect of being the fundamental unit Hindustan Punjab is arguably the first center of Persian. In this study, analyzing the contribution of Punjab to Persian literature and Punjab as the first center of Persian literature in India are put forward.  
Classical Urdu Poetry: A Sociological Perspective
No full textAbstract: Criticism means the raising of artistic standard of literature. It’s aims at unforlding of incrmenings of interveined with the artistic creations only with throwing light of their different angles and telling this their purpose and importance. Criticism has attained with a place in the contemporary literature that its formal schools of thought have come into existance and social criticism has great importance among them. In modern criticism social criticism is an important method of evaluating and piece of literary creation in the hand of critics. Social criticism is the name of understanding a master literary creation in its background and its analytical evaluation is social criticism. In this article an attempt has been made to throw light on different stages, meanings and importance of social criticism
The Suffering of Migration in Abdullah Hussain's Short Stories
No full textThe readers of Urdu literature need not to be introduced to the name of Abdullah Hussain.The characters of his short stories are some of unforgettable ones in Urdu on the basis of their uniqueness. Though much critical work on him has been done in many aspects, we, in this essay, have analyzed various colors of exile and migration in his short stories
Coulmnist Literary Writers of Urdu
No full textUrdu literature has a long standing and a very strong bond with journalism. Where a lot of our eminent writers have produced literary masterpieces; many have also gained recognition through newspaper columns. The history of column writing goes back to the end of 19th century when famous literary figures of that time started writing in columns for newspaper publications. This resulted in growing interest among the readers on one hand and on the other, consequently also produced higher sales for these dailies and periodicals. This continued even after the birth of Pakistan and along with columnists writing on serious issues, many humorists also turned towards column writing and started contributing in widely circulated newspapers. So much so that claim to fame for some of the newspapers was only because of the columns by the leading writers of the era. This article focuses on those literary giants who influenced a large section of the readers through their columns. These include Shaukat Thanvi, Majeed Lahori, Ibn-e-Inshaa, Ibraheem Jalees, Mushfique Khwaja and Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi. These are the authors whose columns are still fresh in people’s minds. The works of these humorous columnists has been analyzed and their styles, topics of discussion and faculties of satire, have been deeply examined
The Salient Stylistic Features of Majeed Amjad
No full text Stylistics is defined as the study of style, Phonetics, Morphology, Syntax and Semantics as tools of criticism, relatively modern sources of discovering hidden meaning and layers of expression. According Nills Erik Enkvist the style of a poet is analyzed through Language he used. He suggests this analysis upon the basis of two aspects of style. (1) Choice between alternative expressions. (2) Derivation from the norm. Majeed Amjad having unique style and poetics must be analyzed on modern parameters of stylistics. Majeed Amjad has his own distinguish style among the urdu poets. He carved out a new style other. He experimented with metrical forms and rhythms. Stylistic analysis of Amjad’s poetry Lenlighteen the individual traits of his style. Stylistics choice of lexical items, phonetics, Morphological choices and grammatical sources shows distinctive features of his poetics and literary style
The history of Urdu literature (from Beginning to 1857) in an Interdisciplinary perspective
No full textDr. Tabassum Kashmiri is one of the most important contemporary writers. He is a modern poet but his real identity is his written history - "The history of Urdu literature (from early to 1857)". In the present era, we get to read many Urdu literary histories. One of them is the written history of Tabassum Kashmiri, which has been formed with the help of interdisciplinary studies. This article discusses "The history of Urdu literature (from early to 1857) in an inter-disciplinary perspective