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Réinterprétation des coutumes funéraires dans la nécropole médiévale de Trnjane à la lumière des recherches sur les processus taphonomiques
No full textU selu Trnjane, nadomak Požarevca, nalazi se nekropola korišćena od
kraja XI do XIII veka, iskopavana 70-ih godina XX veka. Kako je opisano i interpretirano
u literaturi, nekropolu karakteriše hrišćanski obred sahranjivanja uz prisustvo paganskih
elemenata. Dislocirane kosti u grobovima, garež na dnu raka i skelet novorođenčeta
između nogu odrasle ženske individue, orijentisan suprotno u odnosu na preostale pokojnike
na nekropoli, protumačeni su kao rezultat antropogenog delovanja usled straha
od natprirodnih sila. Ipak, nova saznanja u oblastima forenzičke antropologije pokazuju
da procesi kao što je tafonomija mogu prouzrokovati izvesna pomeranja osteološkog
materijala nakon pohranjivanja tela i često se ovakav zapis može pogrešno protumačiti
kao posledica neuobičajenog rituala ili sprečavanja vampirizma. U ovom radu biće prikazani
mogući scenariji koji su doveli do dislociranja skeletnih ostataka u grobovima i,
u skladu sa tim, ponuđena nova interpretacija pogrebnog obreda.The Mediaeval necropolis at Trnjane, in today’s eastern Serbia, was excavated
during the 1970s and the results were published in the 1980s. Based on the material recovered from the graves, it was concluded that the necropolis was used
from the end of the 11th to the beginning of the 13th century. The publication that
followed the archaeological excavations highlighted the fact that the Christian
population was buried there, yet that the endurance of the pagan customs is noticeable. The graves were oriented W-E, but no grave-pits or grave constructions
could be identified during the excavation. The dislocated bones registered in the
graves were interpreted as the testimony of the pagan rituals, especially of the fear
of the buried turning into vampires. Some grave-pits were covered in ashes, indicating the rite of spreading incense over the bottom of the pits. Grave 432 is also
interesting, where the skeleton of a newborn was found laid between the legs of an
adult oriented in the direction opposite to the rest of the necropolis, and interpreted
as the grave of a mother and a child who was not yet baptized. This paper reconsiders some possible reasons for the dislocation of skeletal remains in the graves
with the help of the methods of forensic anthropology and archaeo-thanatology,
and posits new interpretations of the funerary ritual on these grounds.
The case of the newborn hints toward a different idea about the nature of
unusual funerals at this necropolis. Namely, graves registered across the world
analogous to the description of the grave 432 are usually interpreted as coffin
births, or postmortem births. This is a process that, in the wake of the decay
of a pregnant woman’s soft tissue, leads to the pressing of the fetus out of the
womb. However, for a postmortem birth to happen, it is necessary for a pregnant
woman to be buried in a wooden coffin, so that the soil would not block the fetus
from being pushed out. The implication posited by the grave 432, of the possible existence of wooden
coffins, not noted during the excavations, also brings into question the previous
author’s explanation of the dislocated bones in the graves as the consequence of
the fear of vampirism. Namely, in the cases of the burials in wooden coffins, the
already skeletonized parts of the buried can be dislocated when the boards which
the coffin is made from begin rotting and collapse onto the skeleton, moving parts
out of their anatomical position. Considering the examples from the necropolis
that imply the presence of wooden coffins, the possibility cannot be discounted
that the traces identified as ashes are actually the traces of decomposed coffins.
Finally, the methods of archaeo-thanatology and forensic anthropology allowed for a new interpretation of the archaeological record of the necropolis
at Trnjane. Although the idea of the persistence of the pagan rituals may sound
acceptable, the possibility is suggested here of viewing the necropolis at Trnjane
in the light of the Christian traditions and taphonomic processes.Dans le village de Trnjane, près de Požarevac, se trouve une nécropole
utilisée de la fin du XIe
au XIIIe
siècle et fouillée dans les années 70 du XXe
siècle. Comme il a été décrit et interprété dans la littérature, la nécropole est
caractérisée par le rite funéraire chrétien accompagné d’éléments païens. Les
os disloqués dans les tombes, les traces de combustion au fond des fosses et le
squelette du nouveau-né entre les jambes d’un individu féminin adulte, orienté
à l’opposé des autres défunts dans la nécropole, ont été interprétés comme le
résultat d’une action antrophique due à la peur des forces surnaturelles. Cependant, de nouvelles connaissances dans le domaine de l’anthropologie forensique
montrent que les processus tels que la taphonomie peuvent provoquer certains
déplacements du matériel ostéologique après l’inhumation du corps et un tel
enregistrement peut souvent être mal interprété comme la conséquence d’un rite
inhabituel ou de la prévention du vampirisme. Ce travail présentera les scénarios possibles qui ont conduit à la dislocation des restes squelettiques dans les
tombes, et proposera ainsi une nouvelle interprétation du rite funéraire
The Japanese "Other" in Contemporary Korean Horror Cinema
No full textTwo recent horror films directed by South Korean filmmakers – Na Hong-jin's
“The Wailing” (released in 2016) and Jae-hyun Jang's “Exhuma” (2024) – blend
the theme of supernatural evil with religion, folklore, myth and history:
especially the history of Korean-Japanese relations. In both films, the
representation of malevolent otherworldly forces is predominantly linked to the
Japanese “Other”. The central question of this paper is whether such an
(un)problematic “othering” along cultural and ethnic lines can be considered as
pure entertainment, and if not – what political meaning does it have. In my
attempt to address this problem, I will focus on description and interpretation of
a plethora of cultural symbols surrounding the Japanese “monstrous Others” in
both films. By demonstrating how are they constructed, contextualized and
treated in both film narratives, I will reach certain conclusions concerning the
specific genre approach to politically sensitive topics.Seventeenth Annual International Conference on Comparative Mythology the Origins of Mythology, In Honor of Michael Witzel on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday, August 27-30, 2024, Kokugakuin University, Shibuya Campus
Bldg. 6, Room 6B13 (Basement Floor),
Tokyo, Japa
I post, therefore I am: Adolescents' extended self within the social network Instagram
No full textThe concept of extended self indicates that our subjectivity is not contained solely within our
body-mind boundaries, but that our possessions are also experienced as parts of ourselves
(Belk, 1988). 21st century brought the intensified process of global digitization providing a
context in which a person constantly expands herself within new digital spaces. Adolescents
are the most prominent users of digital devices and earlier research emphasized the
importance that social networks have for their socialization and identity construction, by
providing abundant opportunities for exploration, communication and self-understanding.
Accordingly, this study aimed at exploring adolescents’ extended self within the most popular
social network nowadays - Instagram. Ten adolescents took part in the research (age 17-19,
five female), and the data were collected using the semi-structured interviews including the
visual method of photo-elicitation. We performed inductive-deductive thematic analysis
based on Belk's dimensions of the extended self in digital space (Belk, 2013) as a guide, which
was revised and specified further based on our data. The obtained findings indicate only a
partial overlap with Belk’s proposed dimensions, so the model of extended self is further
developed and specified to include the following dimensions: constitutive – concerned with
dematerialized forms of possession and interaction; performative – concerned with indirect
self-presentation and communication; and agentic – concerned with the ambivalence of
control. We further discuss main parallels and differences between online and offline based
practices and interactions relevant for adolescents’ extended self and offer
recommendations for fostering a more critical approach to adolescents’ relationship with
digital spaces
Psychological support for older adults: A quasi-experimental study on program effectiveness.
No full textEven though previous literature shows older adults are at risk for developing and maintaining
psychological difficulties, evidence-based psychosocial support programs for older adults are
scarce. Thus, the Program for psychosocial support for older adults was constructed and
implemented in three municipalities in Serbia, and this study is conducted with the aim to test
the Program effectiveness. The Program consisted of individual sessions and group workshops,
centered around topics of mental health, relationships with others, combating ageism, etc. The
Program was held by psychologists specially trained on Program implementation. A quasiexperimental design was used with inclusion criteria being over 55 years of age and not being
subject to any form of psychosocial or psychiatric treatment. A total of 32 older adults
(Mage=73.09, SDage=9.88, 18.8% males) expressed an interest to join the Program and were
assigned to the experimental group, while 31 individuals (Mage = 71.52, SDage = 9.71, 41.9%
males) haven’t expressed this interest and thus were assigned to the control group. Each
beneficiary from the experimental group participated in 2-9 individual and 2-10 group sessions.
Inventories measuring well-being (WHO5; α = .88 - .90), quality of life (MANSA; α = .50 -
.85), loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale; α = .82 - .88), depression (PHQ9; α = .79 - .85) and
anxiety (GAD7; α = .73 - .86) were administered at three time points: before the Program
implementation (pre-test), immediately after the implementation (post-test) and one month
after (follow-up). The results showed that even after controlling for the scores from the pretest, there was a significant improvement in the experimental group on post-test measures of
well-being (F(1) = 44.875, p < .001, ηp
2 = .43), quality of life (F(1) = 6.678, p = .012, ηp
2 =
.10), depression (F(1) = 16.967, p < .001, ηp
2 = .22), and anxiety (F(1) = 29.520, p < .001, ηp
2
= .33), while there was no difference between the groups on the loneliness measure (F(1) =
1.617, p > .05). The same analysis on the follow-up measures showed that participants from
the experimental group displayed lower levels of loneliness one month later (F(1) = 5.64, p =
.021, ηp
2 = .09), as well as lower depression (F(1) = 6.66, p = .012, ηp
2 = .01). These results
support the effectiveness of the Program for Psychosocial Support and highlight the need for
continuity of services provided
Muhsin-Efendija and Nikola: Psychodynamics of Flattery and Lacan’s Concept of the Object a
No full textU radu se, uz oslonac na Lakanovoj teoriji stadijuma ogledala, razmatra Andrićev roman Omerpaša Latas. Težište rada je na razumevanju odnosa između laskavca Muhsin-efendije i drugih junaka – pre svih sa Mustaj-begom, tj. Nikolom, Omerpašinim bratom. Posredi je narcistička strast koja se, među ostalim, karakteristično očituje u Muhsinovoj ulizičkoj blagoglagoljivosti. Otud, Mushinovo laskanje poprima funkciju analognu funkciji imaga, sa kojim se, u skladu sa Lakanovom teorijom, identifikuje subjekat ogledalnog poistovećenja. Identifikujući se, upravo, sa slikom o sebi, imagom koji Muhsin-efendija svojim laskanjem budi, Mustaj-beg počinje da mu veruje i da se fantazmatski preobražava, postižući (samo tobožnju) imaginarnu celovitost. To, dalje, čini
srž Andrićevog građenja narativne osnove same pripovesti.In the paper, based on Lacan’s theory of the mirror stage, Andric’s novel Omer
pasha Latas is discussed. The focus of the work is on understanding the relationship
between the flatterer Muhsin-effendi and other heroes – above all with Mustaj-beg, i.e.
Nikola, Omerpasha’s brother. In between is a narcissistic passion which, among other
things, is characteristically manifested in Muhsin’s sycophantic condescension. Hence,
Mushin’s flattery takes on a function analogous to that of the imago, with which (accor
ding to Lacan’s theory) the subject of mirror identification is identified. Identifying,
precisely, with the image of himself, the imago that Muhsin-Effendi evoces with his
flattery, Mustaj-beg begins to believe him and transforms himself phantasmatically,
achieving (only an apparent) imaginary wholeness. This, furthermore, forms the core of
Andric’s construction of the narrative basis of the story itself
The Influence of the Value Orientations of Young Belgrade Residents on Attitudes Toward Vaccination against the Covid-19 Virus
No full textVrednosne orijentacije predstavljaju koherentan skup pojedinačnih vrednosti i odre-đuju ponašanje i stavove društvenih grupa i individua. Više međusobno povezanih vrednosnih orijentacija čine osnovnu strukturu širih ideoloških orijentacija. Osnovni cilj ovog rada je bio da utvrdi kako su vrednosne orijentacije i ideološke orijentacije obrazovanih mladih sa teritorije Beograda uticale na stavove o vakcinaciji protiv viru-sa kovid-19. Osim osnovnog, postojala su još dva cilja: ispitivanje kakav je uticaj ori-jentacija obrazovanih mladih sa teritorije Beograda imala na stavove o prirodi virusa kovid-19 i posredno ispitivanje poverenja obrazovanih mladih sa teritorije Beograda u institucije. Osnovne istraživačke pretpostavke rada su bile da su obrazovani mla-di sa teritorije Beograda desne orijentacije (narodnjašvo) iskazivali veće nepoverenje u vakcinaciju i smatrali da je kovid-19 nastao veštačkim putem, dok su obrazovani mladi sa teritorije Beograda liberalne orijentacije (srpski liberalizam) iskazivali veće poverenje u vakcinaciju i smatrali da je kovid-19 nastao prirodnim putem, kao i da su mladi većinski iskazivali nepoverenje u institucije tokom pandemije. Osnovni metod istraživanja je bio polustrukturisani dubinski intervju. Rezultati istraživanja su poka-zali da su mladi narodnjačkog opredeljenja imali nisko poverenje u zvaničan narativ o kovidu-19 i da su uglavnom odbijali vakcinaciju. Mladi liberalnog usmerenja su takođe uglavnom odbacivali zvanične narative o koronavirusu, ali su iskazivali veću spremnost za vakcinaciju. Istraživanje je takođe ukazalo da je najveći deo obrazovanih mladih tokom pandemija imao nisko poverenje u institucije.Value orientations constitute a coherent set of individual values and determine the behavior and attitudes of social groups and individuals. Multiple interconnected value orientations form the basic structure of broader ideological orientations. The main objective of this study was to determine how the value orientations and ideological orientations of educated young people in the Belgrade area influenced their attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccinati-on. In addition to the primary objective, there were two more goals: examining the impact of the orientations of educated young people in the Belgrade area on their views regarding the nature of COVID-19 and indirectly assessing the trust of educated young people in institutions. The basic research assumptions of the study were that educated youth from the Belgrade area with right-wing political orientations (national populism) exhibited greater distrust in vaccination and believed that COVID-19 was artificially created, while edu-cated youth from the Belgrade area with liberal orientations (Serbian liberalism) showed higher confidence in vaccination and believed that COVID-19 had a natural origin and that the majority of young people expressed distrust in institutions during the pandemic. The primary research method employed was the semi-structured in-depth interview. The research results showed that young people with populist inclinations had low trust in the official COVID-19 narrative and mostly rejected vaccination. Young people with liberal orientations also generally rejected official narratives about the coronavirus but showed greater willingness to get vaccinated. The research also indicated that a significant portion of educated young people had low trust in institutions during the pandemic
Testing the effectiveness of a comunity-based psychosocial support program: A quasi-experimental study
No full textIn the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic, the provision of community-based support services
to at-risk individuals has become a widespread necessity. A community-based Program for
psychosocial support was implemented over the course of six months in two cities in Serbia.
The Program is of a mixed type, consisting of individual counseling sessions and group
meetings accessible to all participants, and held by psychologists who underwent a one-day
additional training on Program implementation. The individual sessions focused on therapeutic
counseling and included the learning of problem-solving techniques, while the group meetings
focused on mindfulness exercises and problem-solving discussion, in addition to mutual
empowerment via the sharing of individual experiences and progress. A quasi-experimental
design was used, with a total of 45 participants who expressed an interest to attend the Program
being in the experimental group (Mage = 41; 7% males), and a total of 34 participants who
didn't express a wish to attend being in the control group (Mage = 45; 9% males). There were
1-9 individual and 1-8 group sessions per beneficiary in the experimental group. Each
participant completed inventories measuring well-being (WHO5, 5 items; α = .86 - .87), quality
of life (MANSA, 12 items; α = .83 - .89), hope (AHS, 12 items; α = .69 - .85), depression
(PHQ9, 9 items; α = .78 - .84) and anxiety (GAD7, 7 items; α = .79 - .84) before the Program
started (pre-test), immediately after the Program (post-test) and one month after the Program
had ended (follow-up). The results showed that even after controlling for the scores from the
pre-test, there was a significant improvement in the experimental group on post-test measures
of depression (F(1) = 7.499, p < .01, ηp
2 = .09), anxiety (F(1) = 10.383, p < .01, ηp
2 = .12),
wellbeing (F(1) = 4.588, p < .05, ηp
2 = .06), while there was a marginal effect on measure of
life satisfaction (F(1) = 3.718, p = .058, ηp
2 = .05). Improvement remained significant on the
follow-up on the measures of depression (F(1) = 4.385, p < .05, ηp
2 = .06), anxiety (F(1) =
6.752, p < .05, ηp
2 = .09) and wellbeing (F(1) = 9.041, p < .01, ηp
2 = .11). The change in hope
was not significant. The obtained results indicate that the Program is effective in reducing
anxiety and depression, as well as improving subjective wellbeing in at-risk individuals. The
program archives prolonged positive results, but highlights the need for continuous support
A performative learning environment in the context of the education of andragogy students
No full textU radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja koji se odnose na značaj performativnog obrazovnog okruženja u nastavi na osnovnim studijama andragogije na Filozofskom fakultetu, Univerziteta u Beogradu. Ovakvo obrazovno okruženje kreirano je na izbornom predmetu Dramske tehnike u obrazovanju odraslih, koji se realizuje na trećoj godini osnovnih studija andragogije. U nastavi su korišćene tehnike primenjenog pozorišta, performansa, igre i improvizacije što doprinosi kreiranju podsticajnog okruženja za učenje, ličnom i profesionalnom razvoju. Prikupljanje podataka je realizovano u formatu radionice primenom ekspresivnih istraživačkih metoda. Ovaj pristup uključuje refleksiju na iskustvo rekreiranjem scena nastalih tokom nastavnog procesa, osvešćivanjem otelotvorenih promena na ličnom nivou pomoću pričanja priča i tehnike vajanja. Analizom prikupljenih podataka prepoznate su teme koje se tiču doživljaja performativnog obrazovnog okruženja od strane studenata andragogije, identifikovane karakteristike koje su mu svojstvene, kao i zabeleženi doživljaji studenata o tome šta doprinosi uspostavljanju takvog okruženja. Nalazi istraživanja ukazuju da performativno okruženje za učenje čini sloboda u delovanju, kreiranje bez straha od grešaka, ravnopravnost i odgovornost za proces učenja. Materijali nastali u istraživačkoj radionici, praćeni razgovorima sa učesnicima, otkrivaju da efekti performativnog učenja mogu imati kontinuiran značaj s obzirom na činjenicu da će ih studenti obrazovanja odraslih multiplicirati, kako kroz promene na ličnom nivou, tako i u odnosu na njihovu buduću profesionalnu praksu.The paper presents the research results related to the importance of a performative educational
environment in the teaching of basic studies in andragogy at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of
Belgrade. Such an educational environment was created in the elective course Drama Techniques in Adult
Education, which is realized in the third year of basic studies in andragogy. Techniques of applied theatre,
performance, games and improvisation were used in the classes, which contributed to the creation of a
stimulating environment for learning, and personal and professional development. Data collection was
carried out in a workshop format using expressive research methods. This approach involves refl ecting on
experience by recreating scenes created during the teaching process, bringing awareness to embodied
changes on a personal level through storytelling and sculpting techniques. Through the analysis of
the collected data, themes related to the experience of the performative educational environment by
andragogy students were identifi ed, its inherent characteristics were identifi ed, as well as the students'
experiences of what contributes to the establishment of such an environment were recorded. Research
fi ndings indicate that a performative learning environment consists of freedom of action, creation without
fear of mistakes, equality and responsibility for the learning process. The materials created in the research
workshop, followed by discussions with the participants, reveal that the eff ects of performative learning
can be of continuous importance because adult education students will multiply them, both through
changes on a personal level and in their future professional practice.Međunarodni naučno–stručni skup
Umetnost i obrazovanje
Akademija umetnosti u Novom Sadu
24–25. maj 2024. Novi Sad, Srbij
Eksperiment u sociološkim istraživanjima
No full textKnjiga predstavlja sumiranje metodoloških saznanja o primeni eksperimenta u sociološkim istraživanjima, uključujući značaj proučavanja uzročnih odnosa u društvu, određenje eksperimenta, njegove prednosti i ograničenja, epistemološke karakteristike, istorijat upotrebe u sociologiji, vrste eksperimenata i kvazieksperimenata, faze izvođenja eksperimenta, kao i primere primene (kvazi)eksperimenta u sociološkim istraživanjima, sa posebnom pažnjom na retkim primerima upotrebe eksperimenta u domaćoj sociologiji
Watchtowers on the Border of the Principality of Serbia in the 1830s
No full textУ раду је анализирана изградња система караула на граници Кнежевине Србије у периоду након повлачења граничне линије почетком 1834, па закључно са 1839. годином, што заправо представља период у којем су постављене основе граничне службе модерне српске државе. Најпре је указано на дешавања која су условила изградњу система караула на одређеним деловима граничне линије, а потом је табеларно приказан распоред караула дуж границе, са посебним нагласком на њиховој тачној убикацији, што је предуслов тачном повлачењу границе Кнежевине Србије. Такође, део рада посвећен је уређењу и функционисању система караула.The construction of the watchtowers in the Principality of Serbia began immediately after establishing the borderline at the beginning of 1834. The first steps in this
direction were taken due to the danger posed by the Turks from the border regions in
the southwestern part of the border and the frequent attacks by Arnauts in the southern
part. As a result, the first watchtowers were established in the spring of 1834, stretching from Perućac on the Drina River to the course of the South Morava. It is likely that
at the same time, a system of watchtowers was established along the southeastern and
eastern parts of the border, from the South Morava to the confluence of the Timok,
while along the Drina, watchtowers were set up at the beginning of 1835 to prevent
raids by thieves from Bosnia and to generally calm the tense situation in the area, which
was connected to the emigration of the Turks and the fact that Mali Zvornik and Sakar
remained in Turkish hands.
A reform of the border watchtowers cordon followed at the end of 1836, primarily by significantly increasing the number of watchtowers and abolishing paid guards,
turning this service into a compulsory duty distributed among the population of the
border districts. The increase in the number of watchtowers was motivated by the presence of plague near the border of the Principality of Serbia. During the period covered,
the watchtowers had three key tasks: to protect the border from enemy incursions, to
protect the population of border areas from looting, and to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
The re-establishment of paid guards took place in January 1838, and during that
and the previous year, new watchtowers continued to be built, strengthening the defense of the borderline. By the beginning of 1838, there were a total of 118 watchtowers
along the border of the Principality of Serbia, exclusively on the border with the Ottoman Empire. In contrast, there were no watchtowers along the border with the northern
neighbor, the Habsburg Monarchy. This was primarily because the border was clearly
defined by the natural barrier of the Danube, which was difficult to cross, unlike the
land border between the Principality of Serbia and the Ottoman Empire. Furthermore,
the northern border of the Principality of Serbia was not inhabited by a population that
openly opposed the drawing of the border of the autonomous Principality of Serbia and
threatened incursions. Additionally, the plague did not approach the Serbian state from
the north but from the south and east. All these reasons naturally directed the development of the watchtower system along the eastern, southern, and western borders of the
Principality of Serbia