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Maoism: analysis of its development and relation to the national question
No full textVećinu intelektualnih krugova i političkih pokreta radikalne
levice, kako klasične, tako i savremene, uglavnom karakteriše negativan, indi-
ferentan ili instrumentalistički odnos prema naciji i nacionalnom pitanju.
Suprotno tome, maoizam je pokazivao veću spremnost da razmatranje promene i revolucije ne vezuje jedino za delovanje klase, već i delovanje nacije. Drugim rečima,
maoizam se nije libio da teži ideološkoj radikalnosti i revolucionarnosti, ali i
da istovremeno bude nacionalan, zbog čega predstavlja specifični oblik radikalne
levice vredan detaljnije naučne analize. Stoga, osnovni cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje
najbitnijih karakteristika maoističke teorije i ideologije, put idejne evolucije
u okviru maoizma i način na koji maoizam poima naciju. U prvom delu rada biće
analiziran istorijski kontekst koji je doveo do pojave maoizma. Uslediće potom
pregledna istorija Kineske komunističke partije, pretežno u periodu kada je Mao
Cedung (Mao Zedong; Mao Tse-tung) bio na njenom čelu. Drugi deo rada baviće se
analizom osnovnih karakteristika maoizma, njegovim odnosom prema nacionalnom
pitanju i njegovim uticajem na druge političke pokrete.Most intellectual circles and political movements of the radical left, both
traditional and modern, are mainly characterized by a negative, indifferent or instrumentalist attitude towards the nation and the national question. In contrast, Maoism showed
greater willingness not to associate the consideration of changes and the revolution solely
with the acting of the class, but also of the nation. In other words, Maoism did not hesitate
to strive towards ideological radicalism and revolutionary principles, while simultaneously
being national, and that is why it constitutes a specific form of the radical left that deserves
a detailed scientific analysis. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to determine the most
important characteristics of the Maoist theory and ideology, the path of idea evolution within
Maoism and the manner in which Maoism understands the nation. The first part of the
paper contains the analysis of the historical context leading to the emergence of Maoism,
followed by the history overview of the Chinese Communist Party, mainly during the period when it was led by Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong). The second part of the paper deals
with the analysis of the basic characteristics of Maoism, its attitude towards the national
question and its influence on other political movements
Principles of Cognitive System Presumed within the Psychology of Rational Thinking
No full textNumerous psychological models of the rationality of human thinking have been
developed since the middle of the last century within the line of research known as the
heuristics and biases approach, descriptive theory of rationality or decision-making,
complex cognition, or the psychology of rational thinking. The focal processes or
phenomena are reasoning, decision-making, judging, and inferencing. Families of
models revolve around the formal (cumulative) prospect theory, the cognitivist fuzzy
trace theory, ecological rationality, and dual process theories. Regarding complex
cognitive processing, there is a limited set of principles that researchers in the
psychology of rationality implicitly, and sometimes uncritically, attribute to the human
cognitive system. These principles may be called “boundary conditions” of the validity
of psychological rationality theories, meaning that all psychological models of rational
thinking, including currently dominant dual process theories, belong to a set constrained
by the postulated qualities of the cognitive system's architecture. Those principles that
have not yet been explicitly stated in the literature are as follows: cognitive miserliness,
cognitive processing dependence on the environment, knowledge structures,
probabilism, and the challenge of individual differences. The paper presents the
mentioned principles and their historical antecedents and a proposal for future research
questions based on such a juxtaposition.This manuscript contains translated, adapted, and substantially rewritten paraghraps
chapters in Serbian from the first (mostly), fifth, and seventh chapters of the same author's
book (Damnjanović, K. (2023). Šta pije krava? Psihologija racionalnog mišljenja [What
does cow drink? Psychology of rational thinking]
Media Reporting on Migrants in Serbia: Between Humanitarian and Security Frameworks (2021–2024)
No full textNakon početka migrantske krize kao jednog od najvećih globalnih izazova u
prethodnoj deceniji Srbija je postala jedna od najvažnijih tranzitnih zemalja i jedna od
poslednjih stanica migranata na putu ka Evropskoj uniji. Migrantska kriza u Srbiji, otvo-
rila je značajna pitanja u vezi sa procesima upravljanja migracijama u kojima mediji ima-
ju značajnu ulogu. Rad analizira izveštavanje dnevnih listova o migrantima u Srbiji u pe-
riodu 2021–2024 godine. Uzorak istraživanja obuhvata 1001 tekst koji su objavljeni u pet
odabranih dnevnih listova: Blic, Danas, Informer, Kurir, i Politika. Tekstovi su selektovani
i preuzeti iz baze Ebart medijskog arhiva. Medijsko izveštavanje o migrantima u periodu
2021–2024 obeležava postupni prelazak sa izveštavanja unutar dominantno humanitar-
nog okvira na bezbednosni okvir. Nažalost, oba ova interpretativna okvira, svaki na svoj
način, objektivizuju migrante posmatrajući ih kroz optiku “drugosti”, što doprinosi pove-
ćanju socijalne distance i otežava procese inkluzije u društvo Srbije.Following the onset of the migration crisis as one of the most significant global challenges of the past decade, Serbia became a key transit country and one of the final stops
for migrants en route to the European Union. The crisis raised critical questions about
migration governance processes, in which the media play a pivotal role. This study analyzes daily newspaper coverage of migrants in Serbia from 2021 to 2024, examining a
sample of 1,001 articles published in five selected outlets: Blic, Danas, Informer, Kurir,
and Politika. The texts were sourced from the EBART media archive. Findings reveal
a gradual shift in media framing—from a predominantly humanitarian perspective toward a security-dominated narrative. Problematically, both frameworks objectify migrants by portraying them through the lens of “otherness,” exacerbating social distance
and hindering inclusive integration into Serbian society
Reform of a Memory
No full textKao svojevrstan oblik nematerijalnog kulturnog nasleđa hrana je direktno vezana za svakodnevicu, tradiciju i običaje, načine obeležavanja proslava, te samim tim i za sećanja pojedinaca. Tako, danas tumačena kao kulturno nasleđe Srbije, česta na slavskoj trpezi, reform torta, odnosno reforma, čiji je karakteristični način pripreme fila na pari čini svojstvenom ovdašnjoj kuhinji, istovremeno je inicijalna kapisla za podsećanje na jugoslovensko iskustvo. Naime, nekada jugoslovenske domaćice, osvrćući se na ime ove torte, ukazuju na to da je prvu napravila jedna partizanka u čast reformi posle Drugog svetskog rata koje su obeležile čitavu jednu epohu. Stoga se ova torta morala naći na trpezi svake godine na proslavama Dana Jugoslovenske narodne armije. Prelistavajući periodiku, ipak recepte za reform tortu nalazimo još u tridesetim godinama prošlog veka, kada je ona bila deo drugačijeg kulturnog identiteta na ovim prostorima. Analizom zapisa, individualnih uspomena i varijanti tumačenja imena ove torte, te prilika za koje se ista priprema(la), u radu ćemo se baviti pojmovima varljivosti sećanja, odnosa između individualnog, kolektivnog, kulturnog i političkog sećanja, te pitanjima upotrebe i preoznačavanja kulturnog nasleđa u skladu s promenama vrednosnih sistema i društvenih i ideoloških okvira.As a kind of form of intangible cultural heritage, food is directly related to everyday life, traditions and customs, ways of marking celebrations, and therefore also to the memories of individuals. Thus, today interpreted as a cultural heritage of Serbia, frequent on the Saints’Day celebration table,
Reform cake, i.e. Reforma, whose characteristic way of preparing the steamed filling makes it unique to the local cuisine, is at the same time an initial capsule for reminding of the Yugoslav experience. Namely, former Yugoslav housewives, referring to the name of this cake, indicate that the first one was made by a Partizan woman in honor of the reforms after the Second World War, which marked an entire era. Therefore, this cake had to be on the table every year at the Day of the Yugoslav People’s Army celebrations. Flipping through periodicals, however, we find recipes for Reform cake as early as the thirties of the last century, when it was part of a different cultural identity in these areas. By analyzing records, individual memories and variants of interpretation of the name of this cake, and the occasions for which it is prepared, in this paper we deal with the notions of the deceptiveness of memory, the relationship between individual, collective, cultural and political memory, and the issues of the use and re-designation of cultural heritage in accordance with changes
in value systems and social and ideological frameworks
Druga strana obale (iz razgovora sa Sonjom, april 2025)
No full textTekst za katalog samostalne izložbe Sonje Lundin: ”The Tesla Cybertruck is an All-Electric Battery-Powered Light-Duty Truck Unveiled by Tesla, INC.” održane u Galeriji Doma omladine u Beogradu od 20. maja do 1. juna 2025. godine
„Studenti nisu na prodaju“: Student Symbolic Struggle between Resistance and Solidarity in Serbia (2024–2025)
No full textSince the late 1960s, when the worldwide student revolt had its own version in Serbia (which was then part of socialist Yugoslavia), through the widespread student protests during the 1990s against the authoritarian and repressive regime and a brief episode in the mid-2010s, students in Serbia have once again been expressing their critical views massively and publicly. Currently, the most important means of expressing student dissatisfaction is the blockade of faculties, but beyond that, specific slo-
gans represent another very important channel for symbolically expressing the critical stance of students. This kind of public communication of student opinions and beliefs is not new, but in the case of the current protests, it certainly represents a specific feature of theirs. The main aim of this paper will be to shed light on the symbolic aspect of the current student struggles in the public sphere. We believe that this form of student struggle in Serbia is important for two reasons. On the one hand, critical engagement that oscillates somewhere between cultural jamming and DeCerteau’s tactics of secondary production creates symbolic resistance to the prevailing political discourse. In a broader sense, this represents a form of democratic participation that takes on particular significance in situations where the official channels for expressing opinions and attitudes that differ from those behind positions of power and state authority are suspended. On the other hand, it is assumed that the symbolic struggle of students has a strong integrative and solidarity potential within the student population itself. In order to achieve the aim of this work, mixed methods will be used, including a qualitative analysis of students’ slogans and a quantitative analysis of students’ attitudes towards the slogans and the protests in general.Conference
New Divisions, Struggles, and Solidarities
in South East Europe
Belgrade, 13–14 June 202
Budmani’s Observations on the Dalmatian Romance Lemmata of the Rječnik Jugoslavenske akademije
No full textОбрађују се одреднице далматороманског поријекла које је у Rječniku Jugoslavenske akademije уредио Перо Будмани. Попратна запажања откривају да се Будмани за распознавање далматороманских реликата у српскохрватском и њихово раздвајање од других романских, прије свега италијанских, позајмљеница служио низом критеријума, од којих су само неки познати из Будманијевих ранијих радова.This paper examines entries of Dalmatian Romance origin in the section of the Rječnik Jugoslavenske akademije that was edited by P. Budmani. These include: dròkūn ‘dragon’, dùpīn ‘dolphin’, fùndati ‘to submerge’, gùstijerna ‘cistern’, gȕta ‘stroke’, jȁrula ‘flowerbed’, kalàmuča ‘fishing rod’, kàntula ‘tube’, kȁpsa ‘coffin’, kȁpula ‘red onion’, kàtrīda ‘chair’, kèlōmna ‘column’, kentènar ‘lowgrade silk’, kȇntra ‘pivot’, kȅra ‘ruffle’, kèrostat ‘candle stick’, kȉjerna ‘dusky grouper’, kȋma ‘sprout; top’, kȉmak ‘bedbug’, kìmenat ‘creak between two planks on a boat’, klȁk ‘lime’, klaoka ‘sewer’, klonda ‘column’, kòktao ‘bolster’, kòmīn ‘fireplace; kitchen’, komìnata ‘chimney’, kòraļ ‘coral’, kòsао ‘hut; hamlet’, krcati ‘to load’, krìješva ‘cherry’, Kȑkar (place name), kȑklo ‘wrinkle’, krpàtūr ‘quilt’, kŕpļūn ‘beam’, Krvaš (personal name), kúda ‘tail’, kukùta ‘hemlock; fool’s parsley’, kumjerak ‘tariff’, kùpijerta ‘ro of’, Kùril (personal name), kȕtao ‘vessel’, kvȉjer ‘leather’, lѐgati ‘read’, lȉbra ‘pound’, lȉbro ‘book’, lìksija ‘lye’, lȉma ‘file’, lòkarda ‘chub mackerel’, Lòkrum (place name), lȍvōr ‘lau rel’, Lovreč (personal name), Lòvrjenac (personal name), lòpiža ‘clay pot’, lùkijerna ‘oil lamp’, lukjѐrnar ‘large oil lamp’, mȁrač ‘March’. The accompanying observations reveal that Budmani used a set of criteria to identify Dalmatian Romance loanwords within the Serbo-Croatian lexicon and to differentiate them from other Romance loanwords, particularly those of Italian origin. Only some of these criteria are known from Budmani’s earlier writings. The ones that appear exclusively in the Rječnik are the shift form Latin ce/iV to Dalmatian Romance / Serbo-Croatian č (as opposed to zz, which would be expected in the case of a Venеtian loanword) and the substitution of Dalmatian Romance V́CV with the Serbo-Croa tian V̏CV (as opposed to V̑CV, which would be expected in the case of an Italian loanword)
“I am out” – How systemic challenges overpower intrinsic motivation for teaching? A case of mathematic elementary school teacher from Serbia
No full textThe teacher retention crisis continues to deepen, with teacher education programs struggling
to attract new candidates and the profession facing an aging workforce. Schools are
experiencing increasing difficulties in filling vacancies, particularly in STEM subjects, where
shortages are most pronounced. As experienced teachers retire, the demand for new educators
grows, yet the profession remains undervalued, leading to concerns about the long-term
sustainability of the education system. This study is part of an ongoing ethnographic research
project initiated in 2023, exploring challenges in teacher retention. A qualitative approach was
adopted, with data collected from a recorded meeting between one primary school teacher in Serbia and two members of the school's psychological-pedagogical service. The conversation was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, identifying key arguments shaping decisions to leave the teaching profession.Teacher emphasized student indiscipline and parental helplessness as major sources of frustration, as well as the increasing availability of alternative career opportunities that offer better working conditions. Leaving the profession was perceived as a way to protect personal mental health. On the other hand, school support service focused on the notion of teacher responsibility in managing classroom discipline and reinforced the idea of teaching as a noble calling. The predominant retention strategy— reminding a teacher of their initial motivation and sense of purpose—proves insufficient in the face of perceived challenges. Findings highlight the urgent need for societal shifts in teacher perception and status, alongside structural reforms to attract and retain skilled educators. Without these changes, intrinsic motivation alone cannot offset growing dissatisfaction, underscoring the need for policy interventions in working conditions and professional recognition
The Problem of River Crossings in the Campaigns of Alexander the Great
No full textThis paper will show that rivers posed serious obstacles for Alexander’s army and illustrate
the methods used by the Macedonians in overcoming them. Neglect of this topic
is a direct consequence o f a scarcity o f sources. Contemporaries did not pay much
attention to them. From their point o f view, there was little worth noting. Crossing
rivers was a routine task, so ancient authors did not write about it unless something
extraordinary happened (for instance, a battle on riverbanks or if they were impressed
b y the sheer size o f the river). Still, by analyzing these examples w e can extract information
and paint a picture o f h ow it was done. The standard ways o f crossing large
rivers were by using a pontoon bridge, b y fording (soldiers would cross holding hands
in order to protect each other from a fast current) or by using rafts, made from leather
tents and ha y bu t powerful enough to carry catapults and horses
Magical Realms in Folktales: Comparing East and West
No full textThis paper works from a comparative perspective. It presents the history of folklore studies and outlines terminological issues of distinctive categorization of the fairy tale genre in East and West. Moving on from there, it examines the cultural variability of ontological borders between magical realms and the real world, outlining differences in the geography of imagination, moral attitudes, story plots, and characteristics of heroes. It focuses on Chinese and Japanese tales as examples to show similarities and divergences between East and West. Reviewing key Eastern fairy tales, such as those featuring Urashima Tarō, Princess Kaguya, the White Snake, and more, it points out the specific characteristics of the magical realms in folktales of the Far East