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Childhood Stress and Adult Health: Investigating Harris Lines and Enamel Hypoplasia in Bronze Age Populations of Northern Banat
No full textResearch on both modern and past populations has demonstrated that adverse early-life conditions can have a significant impact on long-term health and longevity. This perspective was notably advanced by D. Barker and colleagues through the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, which originally established a correlation between low birth weight and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in later life. In recent years, scholars have explored the applicability of this hypothesis to archaeological populations with varying degrees of success. This study examines childhood physiological stress in Early and Middle Bronze Age populations from the necropolises of Mokrin and Ostojićevo, Serbia, through the analyses of Harris Lines (HL) in tibiae and enamel hypoplasia (EH) in teeth. These methods were selected because they enable the reconstruction of childhood health status from adult skeletal remains. By utilizing adult skeletons to assess the childhood health status, we are able to expand the usually limited picture provided by subadult skeletons, as well as take into account the survivors of childhood stress, thus circumventing the osteological paradox. Previous research on this skeletal series identified a potential relationship between EH and reduced age at death. To expand upon these findings, we analyzed 113 individuals from both sites using digital X-ray imaging and the Harris Line Tool.
This study aims to determine whether the patterns observed with EH can also be detected using another marker of non-specific physiological stress and to assess the similarities and differences between these indicators in reconstructing early-life health experiences. We expect to see the correlation between the shorter lifespan and episodes of growth arrest, as well as a correlation between the presence and frequency of EH and Harris lines.31st EAA Annual Meeting ( Virtual) 2-6 September 2025 Belgrad
The Comintern and the Montenegrin National Question (1919–1941)
No full textУ раду се на основу објављених и необјављених архивских извора
совјетског и југословенског порекла те релевантне историографске и дневничко-мемоарске литературе анализира еволуција односа Коминтерне и југословенских комуниста као секције „међународног радничког покрета“ према
црногорском националном питању у Југословенској краљевини. Описане су
социјалне и економске специфичности Црне Горе у моментима уједињења,
као и политички и друштвени проблеми Црне Горе у југословенској заједници. Представљени су идеолошки узори и оквири сагледавања националног
питања од југословенских комуниста, утицаји Коминтерне и Совјетског Савеза на изградњу, обликовање и практичну реализацију идеолошких поставки
југословенских и црногорских комуниста, назначене главне карактеристике
развојних фаза комунистичког погледа на положај Црне Горе у Југословенској
краљевини и заокруживање процеса уобличавања црногорске националне
посебности издвајањем из јединственог српског националног корпуса.The Yugoslav communists, using the general postulates of the Comintern when it
comes to the Yugoslav state and the national question, tried to bring about such
a complex and major turning point in the life of a nation with fairly simple and
extremely schematized methods based on ideological representations and propaganda phrases. Applying the postulate about the “hegemonic nation” and consequently the “Serbian bourgeoisie that stands at the head of the Serbian people”
as the “oppressor nation” in the Yugoslav state, a propaganda representation of
Montenegro as an “enslaved country” was created, which Serbia already did “by
force” of unification itself, which “hit” not only the way of unification and the
creation of a state union, but also the very idea of unification as such, which in
the political and ideological sense represented a “step” further in relation to the
former supporters of King Nikola and the Montenegrin federalists in the Yugoslav state. In the next phase, the given image was developed in the direction of
creating awareness of the exploitation and oppression of Montenegrins in the Yugoslav kingdom and emphasized the right to self-determination, secession and
the creation of “Soviet Montenegro”. With the creation of Soviet Russia, and then
the USSR, the Montenegrin communists believed that they were the only and
natural bearers and guardians of those ties and that Russian help and support
was the only guarantee of the national liberation of Montenegro. For this reason,
they emphasized that in the future they do not see Montenegro as an independent state but as an integral part of the Soviet Union. The great turn in the policy
of the Comintern and the Soviet Union related to the creation of a broad with
ideologically related movements, the strengthening of internal cohesion through
a partial return to the Russification of the country and the constitutional changes that led to the further federalization of the Soviet Union after 1936 created
an ideal framework in which the Comintern through its Yugoslav branch – the
KPJ could “mould” the Montenegrin national issue, which is legally sanctioned
by the decisions of the AVNOJ – the creation of a separate federal unit without
pronounced national distinctiveness and linguistic separation as key differences
in relation to the “hegemonic nation” – an acceptable and popular model in the
Montenegrin environment, which in the long run led to a dual, and then quite
special, national identity embodied in the firm affirmation of Montenegrin ethnic
nationalism in the period between 1944 and 1948.Конференција „Концепти национализма и патриотизма у српском политичком дискурсу – Средњи век, нови век, савремено доба“, Филозофски факултет Универзитета у Београду 30. и 31. маја 2024. - Саопштења штампана у целин
Deconstruction of the Prophetic Narrative:The Kremna Prophecy Between the Two World Wars
No full textVidoviti članovi porodice Tarabić, prema u javnosti široko rasprostranjenoj predstavi, navodno su uspešno predvideli veliki broj budućih istorijskih događaja i ži-votnu sudbinu pojedinih znamenitih vladara Srbije. Ova predviđanja, kolektivno po-znata kao Kremansko proročanstvo, međutim, od svog nastanka do danas, predstavljaju apokrifni tekst koji je u različitim iteracijama iznova dopisivan i prilagođavan istorij-skim i aktuelnim političkim okolnostima, te je njegova autentičnost višestruko upitna. U ovom radu biće napravljen osvrt na oblikovanje i političku upotrebu ovih predviđa-nja u periodu od početka Prvog do početka Drugog svetskog rata, kroz osvetljavanje uloge njegovih promotera i kritičara, poput Radovana Kazimirovića, Ilije Đukanovića, Dragana Aleksića i dr. Ovaj članak ima za cilj da pokaže kako politička proročanstva postaju narativi kroz koje se tumači i stvara realnost i etablira politički establišment koji ove interpretacije plasira u medije, pri čemu istinitost predviđanja ima sekundarni značaj, a verodostojnost proroka se utvrđuje retrodatiranjem, odnosno ponavljanjem navodno obistinjenih predviđanja koja se odnose na događaje koji su se dogodili pre obelodanjivanja samog proročanstva. Ovaj „začarani krug“ pruža dobar uvid u način na koji politika može da prepozna i izdigne jedan segment narodne religije i verovanja na pijedestal svetosti i predstavi ga kao simbol nacionalnog identiteta, a sve u svrhu razrešenja određene društvene krize, kroz identifikovanje aktuelnih političkih događaja kao posledice neminovnosti sudbine ili volje „više sile“.According to a widely held public belief, the visionary members of the Tarabić family supposedly predicted a large number of future historical events and the person-al destinies of certain famous rulers of Serbia. These predictions, collectively known as the Kremna Prophecy have—from their origin to the present day—represented an apocryphal text that has been repeatedly amended and adapted in various iterations to fit historical and current political circumstances, casting serious doubt on their authen-ticity. This paper examines the formation and political deployment of these predictions between the First and Second World Wars, highlighting the role of its promoters and critics, such as Radovan Kazimirović, Ilija Đukanović, Dragan Aleksić, and others. The article aims to demonstrate how political prophecies become narratives through which reality is interpreted and constructed, forging a political apparatus that propagates these interpretations through the media. In this process, the accuracy of the predictions is of secondary importance, while the credibility of the prophet is determined through retroactive dating—reiterating supposedly fulfilled prophecies that refer to events oc-curring before the prophecy’s public revelation. This “vicious cycle” provides valuable insight into how politics can recognize and elevate a segment of folk religion and belief to the pedestal of sanctity, presenting it as a symbol of national identity— ultimately to resolve a particular social crisis by framing contemporary political events as the inevi-table consequence of fate or the will of a “higher power.
Грађански ангажман и субјективно благостање код младих у контексту студентских протеста у Србији
No full textГрађанско ангажовање представља важан развојни задатак младих особа током периода
транзиције у одрасло доба, у контексту кога млади на себе преузимају све више одговорности за своју
заједницу и друштво (Finlay et al., 2011). Грађанско ангажовање може се манифестовати у више
различитих видова, од којих су учешће у протестима и масовним покретима неки од најчешћих. У
контексту реченог, све већи број истраживања бави се сложеним односима између учешћа у
друштвеним покретима и субјективног благостања, док су постојећи налази често неконзистентни.
Циљ овог истраживања био је да допринесе разумевању комплексног односа између учешћа у
протестима и различитих аспеката субјективног благостања, у контексту масовних протеста и
студентских блокада које се од новембра 2024. године дешавају у Србији. Методом снежне грудве
узорковано је укупно 504 студента/киња (69.6% жене, Mузраст= 21.76, SDузраст= 2.76) који су за себе
рекли/е да учествују у блокадама на неком од универзитета у Србији. Сви испитаници/це попунили/е
су батерију којом смо процењивали различите аспекте субјективног благостања, укључујући укупно
задовољство животом, емоционално благостање, као и различите аспекте психолошког благостања
(Ryffe et al., 2010) - аутономију, овладавање околином, лични раст, позитивне односе са другима,
доживљај смисла живота, и самоприхватање. Уз ово, испитаници/е су процењивали и степен властите
укључености у различите протестне активности, студентске пленуме, као и време које генерало
проводе на факултету. Корелациона анализа указује на то да учешће у блокадама није значајно
повезано са укупним задовољством животом. Са друге стране, постоји умерена позитивна корелација
са позитивним емоционалним стањима (r = .39**), као и слаба негативна корелација са негативним (r
= - .10*). Када је реч о различитим аспектима психолошког благостања, учешће у протестима и
блокадама је благо позитивно повезано са доживљајем аутономије (r = .13**) и личног раста (r = .15**),
док везе са другим аспектима психолошког благостања нису статистички значајне. Добијени резултати
су у складу са постојећим схватањима да учешће у масовним покретима представља простор у коме се
младе особе могу да остваре позитиван раст и развој, те да се осећају оснажено и аутономно. Значај
ових налаза биће детаљније продискутован у контексту разумевања грађанског ангажовања као облика
сазревања током транзиције младих у одрасло доба.Национални научно-стручни скуп 73. Конгрес психолога Србије, Дивчибаре, 4–7. јун 2025. - Саопштење штампано у извод
U potrazi za razumevanjem: pragmatika osude i moralnog delovanja
No full textThis study contends that the ostensibly straightforward question, “Do
you condemn?” transcends a conventional request for a moral position. It functions
as an advanced linguistic instrument, designed to serve concurrently as a performative
speech act, a means of narrative framing, and a device for public shaming and ideo
logical enforcement. Utilizing a comprehensive framework that incorporates Austin’s
illocutionary force, Grice’s conversational maxims, Wittgenstein’s language games,
and Stevenson’s persuasive definitions, we illustrate how this speech act serves as a
potent tool for regulating political discourse. Our objective is to reveal its manipula
tive characteristics and examine the significant ethical ramifications of its misuse on
the integrity of democratic existence. This phenomenon is examined through case
studies, concentrating on the exchange between a British journalist and the Palestin
ian envoy to the UK following the Hamas attack on October 7th.2 This example ana
lyzes the linguistic mechanisms operating under uneven international relations and
contradictory media representations.Analiza sprovedena u ovom radu pokazuje da naizgled jednostavno pitanje “Da
li osuđujete?” predstavlja mnogo više od pukog zahteva za moralnim stavom. Ono je
sofisticirano lingvističko oružje, smišljeno da radi istovremeno kao performativni
govorni čin, kao alat za uokviravanje narativa i kao mehanizam za javno sramoćenje
i nametanje određene ideologije. Korišćenjem obuhvatnijeg okvira koji uključuje Osti
nov pojam ilokucione snage, Grajsovih konverzacionih pravila, Vitgenštajnovih je
zičkih igara i Stivensonovih ubeđivačkih definicija, pokazaćemo kako ovaj govorni
čin postaje oružje za kontrolu političkog diskursa. Cilj je da razotkrijemo njegovu
manipulativnu prirodu i istražimo dublje etičke implikacije koje takve zloupotrebe
imaju na integritet demokratskog diskursa. Analiza ovog fenomena sprovedena je kroz
studije slučaja, pre svega analizu dijaloga između britanskog novinara i palestinskog ambasadora u Velikoj Britaniji koji je vođen nakon napada Hamasa 7. oktobra. Ovaj
primer će poslužiti za rekonstrukciju jezičkih mehanizma u kontekstu asimetričnih
međunarodnih odnosa i različite medijske reprezentacije konflikta.This paper was presented at the conference “Moral Responsibility and the Problems of Con
temporary Society II: Social, Moral, and Legal Aspects of Punishment,” held in Belgrade on
November 14, 2024
Exploring the Effects of Mindfulness and Metacognition on Academic Burnout Among University Students: Results from a Quasi-Experimental Study
No full textAcademic burnout (AB) is a persistent stress response that arises when students face a
misalignment between available resources and academic expectations. Mindfulness is defined
as a dispositional tendency to be aware of and attentive to present-moment experiences in a
nonjudgmental and accepting manner. Dysfunctions in metacognition (the ability to monitor,
control, and regulate one's own cognitive processes) can exacerbate psychological distress and
promote academic burnout. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of brief
interventions on AB, while controlling for the effects of mindfulness and metacognition. The
sample consisted of N=220 participants and average age was M=19.41, SD=.89. This is a
quasi-experimental study, in which three groups of participants went through three
interventions at the same time for 7 days – mindfulness intervention (10 minutes of
mindfulness meditation, N=72), breathing intervention (10 minutes of breathing exercises,
N=77), and control group (10 minutes of watching educational videos, N=71). The
measurements included Five facet Mindfulness Scale – Short Form, The Metacognitions
Questionnaire – 30, and Maslach Burnout Inventory (three subscales: emotional exhaustion,
cynicism, and academic achievement). To analyze group differences in AB, we used
ANCOVA, with gender, SES, changes in mindfulness and metacognition included as
covariates (changes in scores before and after interventions). No significant group differences
were found for change scores in emotional exhaustion (F(2,213)=1.34, p=.26), cynicism
(F(2,213)=2.06, p=.13), or professional efficacy (F(2,213)=2.05, p=.13). These findings
suggest that the brief interventions did not produce significant differences in academic
burnout among groups, indicating that short-term mindfulness or breathing exercises may not
be sufficient to mitigate burnout in university students.27. Bujasovi dani psihologije Međunarodni psihologijski znanstveni skup, 8. – 10. maj, 2025- Saopštenje štampano u izvod
Prvi svetitelji Ugarske i nemanjićke Srbije - model Svete Trojice
No full textThis paper examines the possibility that the first “national” saints in Nemanjić Serbia and medieval Hungary were conceived in triads, resembling the image of the Holy Trinity or the triune God. During the Middle Ages, for peoples without direct representatives in Christian history, “national” saints—whether individuals or groups—were shaped according to selected models, often drawn from early Christian times and biblical history. Archetypal images from the Christian tradition show that their selection always carried political significance, reflecting an ongoing tension between the past and the present. It is important to explore the potential political message behind the proposed model of the Holy Trinity. This exploration should take into account the political and historical context during the establishment of the earliest saintly and dynastic cults in early Christian Hungary under the Árpád dynasty, as well as in Serbia during the era of the first Nemanjićs. Since both states, after their foundation, were confronted with the challenge of establishing and consolidating stable royal, dynastic, and ecclesiastical authority, along with the need to unify it, the question arises if the saintly triads of the Nemanjićs and the Árpáds, crafted in the image of the Holy Trinity, could have served as a fitting framework for developing political, dynastic, and ecclesiastical rhetoric aimed at conveying the notion of their unity and legitimacy, based on their divine selection and ordination status. Ultimately, one must consider how closely related these two proposed models were and whether, and to what extent, the older Hungarian model may have influenced the Serbian model, which is over a century newer.U ovom radu ispituje se mogućnost da su prvi "nacionalni" sveci u nemanjićkoj Srbiji i srednjovekovnoj Ugarskoj bili zamišljeni u trijadama, na podobije Svete Trojice ili trojedinog Boga. U srednjem veku, za narode bez direktnih predstavnika u hrišćanskoj istoriji, "nacionalni" sveci - bilo pojedinci ili grupe - bili su oblikovani prema odabranim modelima, najčešće iz ranohrišćanskih vremena ili biblijske istorije. Izbor modela iz hrišćanske tradicije uvek je imao politički značaj, odražavajući stalni dijalog između prošlosti i sadašnjosti. Pošto su se obe države, nakon svog osnivanja, suočile sa izazovom uspostavljanja i učvršćivanja stabilne kraljevske, dinastičke i crkvene vlasti i uspostavljanje njihovog jedinstva, svetačke trijade Nemanjića i Arpadovića, sazdane po liku Sv. Trojice, mogle su dobro poslužiti u političkoj, dinastičkoj i crkvenoj retorici, usmerenoj na prenošenje pojma njihovog jedinstva i legitimiteta na osnovu njihovog bogom izabranog statusa. Jednom rečju, prve trijade svetitelja i u Srbiji i u Ugarskoj, uprkos svojim specifičnim razlikama, suštinski su iza sebe imale sličnu ideju: da država, crkva i dinastija predstavljaju tri aspekta jedne nedeljive celine. U obe zemlje, ovaj originalni koncept nastavio je da se razvija tokom vremena, dok na kraju nije prerastao u nešto sasvim drugo, prilagođavajući se tako političkim, dinastičkim, crkvenim i drugim potrebama koje su nastajale usled novih istorijskih okolnosti. U vreme kada je Stefan Nemanja postao veliki župan Raške, drevna dinastija Arpadovića vladala je Ugarskom već skoro dve stotine godina. Tokom ovog perioda, Ugarska je već dobila svoje prve svece, među kojima su bili i prvi ugarski kralj Stefan I i njegov sin Emerih, koji su proglašeni za svece 1083. godine, za vreme vladavine kralja Ladislava I. Međutim, tek posle 1192. godine, nakon kanonizacije kralja Ladislava I, kraljevi iz dinastije Arpadovića počeli su sebe da nazivaju "potomcima svetih kraljeva", odnosno "izdancima svetorodne loze". Bilo je to baš u vreme kada je Stefan Nemanja bio na velikožupanskom tronu Raške. Stoga, smatramo da je uticaj ugarskog modela na formiranje ideje o svetorodnoj dinastiji Nemanjića, uz usvajanje prvih modela za stvaranje prvih svetačkih kultova, bio sasvim moguć. Tradicionalno se s pravom smatra da književni predlošci i drugi elementi kultova prvih Nemanjića vuku korene iz Vizantije. Međutim, kako koncept svete dinastije nikada nije zaživeo u Vizantiji, smatramo da je sasvim opravdano tražiti uticaje i sa druge strane, naročito kada se uzmu u obzir istorijske i političke prilike onog vremena, kada se Srbija Stefana Nemanje borila za samostalnost, uklještena između dve velike sile, Vizantije i Ugarske
A brief mindfulness intervention and metacognition: implications for University students' mental health
No full textFilozofski fakultetMentalno zdravlje studenata je u poslednjoj deceniji sve češća tema istraživačkih radova, s
obzirom da je prevalenca problema sa psihičkim zdravljem veća u studentskoj nego u opštoj
populaciji. Puna svesnost, koja predstavlja usmerenu pažnju na sadašnji trenutak, a posredovana
je otvorenošću, prihvatanjem i radoznalošću, i metakognicija, odnosno sposobnošću da se misli o
sopstvenim mislima, mogu doprineti unapređenju mentalnog zdravlja studenata, mada njihov
međusobni odnos i zajednički doprinos mentalnom zdravlju nisu dovoljno razjašnjeni, posebno u
kontekstu kratkih intervencija pune svesnosti. U ovom radu, ispitivan je efekat kratke intervencije
pune svensosti na metakogniciju, punu svesnost kao crtu, depresiju, anksioznost, stres i akademsko
izgaranja. Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi doprinos kratke intervencije na poboljšanje mentalnog
zdravlja studenata, ali i ispitati kako se metakognicija i puna svesnost, međusobno povezuju i utiču
na mentalno zdravlje i akademsko izgaranje. Sprovedena je randomizovana kontrolisana studija, a
učesnici (N=220; 164 osoba ženskog pola; Muzrast = 19.41, SD =.89) su nasumično podeljeni u tri
grupe – grupa koja je radila meditaciju pune svesnosti (N=), grupa koja je radila vežbe disanja
(N=) i aktivna kontrolna grupa koja je slušala edukativne videe (N= ). Istraživanje je trajalo 7 dana
i podrazumevalo je svakodnevno obavljanje aktivnosti (meditacije, disanja ili edukativnih videa)
u trajanju od 10 minuta dnevno. Podaci su prikupljani u četiri vremenske tačke – pre istraživanja,
tokom istraživanja, neposredno nakon istraživanja, i mesec dana nakon istraživanja. Instrumenti
koji su korišćeni su Skala depresije, anksioznosti i stresa (DASS-21), Maslahov Inventar Izgaranja
(MBI), Petofacetni instrument za merenje pune svesnosti (FFMQ) i Metakognitivni instrument
(MCQ). Ponovljena analiza varijanse je pokazala da nema značajnih razlika između grupa u crti
pune svesnosti, depresiji, anksioznosti, stresu i akademskom izgaranju. Analize puteva, u kojoj su
intervencija pune svesnosti i vežbe disanja bili jedna grupa, a kontrolna grupa druga grupa,
pokazale su da su efekti intervencije na mentalno zdravlje bili posredovani metakognicijom, ali i
da je puna svesnost ostvarila veći uticaj na metakogniciju, nego metakognicija na punu svesnost.
Nalazi ukazuju da intervencije pune svesnosti i disanja, čak i kada su kratke mogu uticati na
metakognitivne procese, koji dalje utiču na mentalno zdravlje. Ipak, intenzitet i trajanje ovakvih
intervencija možda nisu dovoljno da izazovu dugotrajnije promene, naročito u studentskoj
populaciji sa niskim rezultatima na skali depresije, anksioznosti, stresa i akademskog izgaranja.
Preporuke za buduća istraživanja su ispitati kratke intervencije na populaciji sa izraženijim
simptomima psihičkih poteškoća, koristiti i objektivne mere, a ne samo upitnike samoprocene,
bolje kontrolisati prisustvo ispitanika u studiji i pored pune svesnosti i metakognicije, ispitati i
dodatne mehanizme delovanja intervencija pune svesnosti.Mental health among university students has become an increasingly common research topic in
the past decade, given that the prevalence of mental health problems is higher in student population
than in the general population. Mindfulness, defined as present-moment awareness characterized
by openness, acceptance, and curiosity, and metacognition, the ability to think about one’s own
thoughts, may contribute to the improvement of students’ mental health. However, the relationship
between these two constructs and their joint contribution to mental health remains insufficiently
understood, especially in the context of brief mindfulness interventions. This study examined the
effects of a brief mindfulness intervention on metacognition, dispositional mindfulness,
depression, anxiety, stress, and academic burnout. The aim of the research was to determine the
contribution of the brief intervention to improving students’ mental health, as well as to examine
how metacognition and mindfulness are related and in which way they influence mental health
and academic burnout. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 220 participants (164
female; Mage = 19.41, SD =.89), who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a mindfulness
meditation group (N = ), a breathing exercise group (N = ), and an active control group, that
watched educational videos (N = ). The intervention lasted seven days and involved a daily 10
minute activity (meditation, breathing, or educational video viewing). Data was collected at four
time points: before the intervention, during the intervention, immediately after, and one month
after the intervention. The instruments used were the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS
21), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and
the Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ). Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant
differences between groups in dispositional mindfulness, depression, anxiety, stress, or academic
burnout. Path analysis, in which the mindfulness and breathing groups were combined into one
experimental group and compared to the control group, indicated that the effects of the intervention
on mental health were mediated by metacognition. Additionally, mindfulness was found to have a
greater influence on metacognition than metacognition had on mindfulness. The findings suggest
that mindfulness and breathing interventions—even when brief—can influence metacognitive
processes, which in turn affect mental health. However, the intensity and duration of such
interventions may not be sufficient to produce long-term changes in mental health, especially in
student populations with low baseline levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and burnout.
Recommendations for future research include examining brief interventions in populations with
more pronounced psychological distress symptoms, incorporating objective measures in addition
to self-report questionnaires, better monitoring participant engagement, and exploring additional
mechanisms of interventions beyond mindfulness and metacognition.
Le monde à l’envers ? Le phénomène des inhumations atypiques dans l’Antiquité tardive
No full textNeuobičajene sahrane na nekropolama predstavljaju fenomen zabeležen
na gotovo svim meridijanima i kroz sve periode prošlosti. Slučajevi kojima je posve
ćen ovaj tekst pripadaju periodu kasne antike, koji se često percipira kao turbulentan,
prelomni trenutak na prelazu antike u srednji vek, period u kojem dolazi do značajnih
društvenih, ekonomskih i religijskih promena. Rad predstavlja zabeležene slučajeve na
prostoru kasnog Rimskog carstva, posmatrajući kontekste u kojima se oni javljaju i tu
mače, kao i pregled kriterijuma koji se koriste za obeležavanje sahrane kao neuobičaje
ne, te različita lokalna tumačenja fenomena. Cilj rada bila je sistematizacija raspoloživih
podataka kako bi oni poslužili za tumačenja neuobičajenih sahrana u kasnoj antici na
teritoriji Srbije. Kako je ova tema retko obrađivana u srpskoj arheologiji, smatrali smo
neophodnim jedan ovakav detaljan pregled.Burials deviating from the customary norms, differing from the other in
terments in the same necropolis, in terms of the position and treatment of the
deceased’s body, the presence or absence of grave goods, or their location inside
the necropolis, have been identified in all historical periods. These types of buri
als are usually denoted by the terms: atypical, non-normative, deviant, or unusu
al funerals, each of these terms implying particular meanings and connotations.
In spite of this, a clear terminological consensus has not been reached, so these
terms are often used as synonymous. The explanations of these funerals vary
depending of the period and their context. In the case of the Late Roman peri
od, the phenomenon of the atypical burials is recorded throughout Europe, and
numerous interpretations have been offered, explaining the unusual treatment of
the body of the deceased as the indicator of punishment, or a testimony to the
practices caused by the fear of death. In individual, not infrequent cases, these
funerals are interpreted as a reflection of marginalization and/or a consequence
of a turbulent period. Namely, the Late Roman period is marked by political
instability, economic crisis, frequent warfare, as well as the institutionalization
of a new religion – Christianity. As a consequence, the causes of these burials
become increasingly complex and demand a multi-dimensional consideration. It
should be noted that the burials of this type during the late Roman period is not
limited only to the region of Western Europe, but is also registered in the Central
Balkan provinces, i.e. the territory of today’s Serbia. However, compared to the
Western European literature, primarily published in English, which presents a
rich corpus of data on atypical burials, the situation in the Roman archaeology
in Serbia is quite different. In the Serbian scholarly discourse these phenomena
received very limited attention, and their problematization in literature is largely
absent. Bearing this in mind, the aim of this paper is to offer an overview of the
documented and researched examples of atypical burials, the existing ideas and
explanations for their appearance during the Late Roman period in the wider
European area. The insight into multiple levels, starting from the wider tempo ral, as well as social and local contexts, may offer an indication of the potential
causes of the practices of atypical burials during the late Roman period.Les inhumations atypiques dans les nécropoles représentent un phénomène
attesté sur presque tous les continents et à travers toutes les périodes historiques.
Les cas abordés dans ce texte appartiennent à l’Antiquité tardive, souvent per
çue comme une période turbulente et charnière, dans le passage de l’Antiquité
au Moyen âge, au cours de laquelle se produisent d’importants changements
sociaux, économiques et religieux. Cette étude présente des cas attestés dans
l’espace du Bas-Empire romain, en examinant les contextes dans lesquels ils
apparaissent et sont interprétés, ainsi qu’un aperçu des critères utilisés pour
qualifier une inhumation d’atypique, et des interprétations locales variées du
phénomène. L’objectif de l’article était de systématiser les données disponibles
afin qu’elles puissent servir de base à l’interprétation des inhumations atypiques
dans l’Antiquité tardive sur le territoire de la Serbie. Comme ce sujet a rarement
fait l’objet de l’analyse dans l’archéologie serbe, nous avons considéré indis
pensable de proposer un tel aperçu détaillé
Moral, rules, and (moral) responsibility: Bauman’s understanding of ethics
No full textOvaj rad analizira shvatanje etike i moralnosti kod Zigmunta
Baumana, sa posebnim osvrtom na ulogu pravila i moralne odgovornosti u
kontekstu moderne i postmoderne epohe. Polazeći od Kantove deontološke etike
Bauman razvija kritiku racionalističkih i normativnih pretpostavki koje dominiraju
modernim shvatanjem etike. Bauman postavlja postmodernu moralnost kao
fenomen koji se ne zasniva na univerzalnim zakonima, već na preddruštvenoj,
neposrednoj odgovornosti pojedinca prema drugom delatniku. Ključnu ulogu u
Baumanovom mišljenju ima pojam ambivalentnosti, koji odražava nemogućnost
potpunog normativnog obuhvata moralnih situacija. U radu se razmatra
Baumanovo odbacivanje dirkemovskog shvatanja morala, kao i njegova kritika
racionalizma, utilitarizma i težnje ka univerzalizaciji moralnih normi. Autor
pokazuje kako Bauman vidi moralnost kao ličnu, iracionalnu i nesvodivu obavezu.
Na kraju, ukazuje se i na potencijalne slabosti Baumanovog shvatanja morala.This paper analyzes Zygmunt Bauman’s understanding of ethics and
morality, focusing on the role of rules and moral responsibility in modern and
postmodern epochs. Starting from Kantian deontological ethics, Bauman develops
a critique of the rationalistic and normative assumptions that dominate modern
conceptions of ethics. Bauman presents postmodern morality as a phenomenon
grounded not in universal laws but in the pre-social, immediate responsibility of the
individual toward the other agent. The concept of ambivalence plays a crucial role
in Bauman’s thought, reflecting the impossibility of fully normatively encompassing
moral situations. The paper discusses Bauman’s rejection of Durkheimian
understandings of morality and his critique of rationalism, utilitarianism, and the
drive toward the universalization of moral norms. The author shows how Bauman
views morality as a personal, irrational, and irreducible obligation – finally, the
paper points to the potential weaknesses of Bauman’s conception of morality