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The Sacral Topography of the Archbishopric of Ohrid: Architecture, Art, Patronage, and the Cult of Saints in the 11th-13th Century
No full textMedieval Sacral Topography elucidates the spatial arrangement and positioning
of sacred sites, churches, monasteries, shrines, and other religious buildings
within medieval cities, towns, and landscapes. This concept is important because the
location and architectural organization of religious structures often reflect not only re
ligious beliefs and practices but also political, social, and cultural dynamics. The study
of sacral topography involves both archaeological and historical approaches, revealing
how the physical layout of sacred spaces was influenced by theological ideas, political
power, and local traditions.
T
his chapter examines the sacral topography of monuments within the Archbish
opric of Ohrid, spanning the period from its Byzantine restoration following the fall of
the First Bulgarian Empire in 1018 to the pivotal event of Constantinople’s fall in 1204,
the two turning points in the political and artistic landscapes of the region. The artistic
processes in this region under the Frist Bulgarian Empire (864–971) and especially
under rulership of Samuel and his successors (976–1018) were marked by large-scale
and distinctive characteristics. While the main centers of artistic development were
in the eastern parts of the Bulgarian Empire, particularly in the capitals of Pliska and
Preslav, and later in Ohrid from the 9th century, the last quarter of the 10th century
witnessed a significant socio-political and cultural shift. With the Byzantine onslaught
and the relocation of the Preslav capital, the focus of building construction moved to
Ohrid, Kastoria and the shores of the nearby Lake Prespa. During this period, several
notable ecclesiastical buildings were constructed, including the cathedral church of
St. Achilleos in Little Prespa, the smaller Church of St. Germanos in the eponymous
village in Prespa, the Church of St. Leontios in Vodoča, near Strumica and several
churches in Kastoria. These structures likely played a significant role in shaping archi
tectural developments in the 11th century
Phoneme Awareness Development in Preschool Children in a Shallow Orthography
No full textThe relationship between phoneme awareness and reading proficiency, particularly in pre-reading stages, is a complex and debated topic. Phoneme awareness is thought to be the strongest predictor of reading skills, although its developmental nature is still not clear. The causal relationship between reading and phoneme awareness is said to be both predictive and reciprocal (Mann, 1993; Hulme et al., 2002; Clayton, et al., 2019). Longitudinal measures have shown that typical phoneme awareness tasks contribute differentially to this relationship (Cassady, Smith, & Putman, 2008).
However, most studies so far explored the development of phoneme awareness in deeper orthographies, where phoneme awareness interacts with other factors like task characteristics and developmental status, making its predictive power less straightforward compared to more consistent orthographies (Landerl et al., 2018). On the other hand, children learning to read in shallow orthographies, such as Slavic languages, demonstrate better phoneme awareness compared to those learning in deep orthographies like English (Caravolas, Volín, & Hulme, C., 2005; Spencer & Hanley, 2004). Studies on shallow orthographies have shown that they facilitate the development of phoneme awareness more effectively than deep orthographies. This is primarily due to the consistent grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences found in shallow orthographies. Studies suggest that children in shallow orthographies become accurate and fluent in reading before the end of the first school year, indicating that starting formal reading instruction around age 5 to 6 is effective (Seymour, Aro, & Erskine, 2003). This aligns with findings that emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to phonemic, orthographic, and morphemic knowledge during this period (McMurray, 2020). Having in mind that mastery of reading fluency before established benchmarks is a significant predictor of later reading skills, early intervention and development of reading fluency may be crucial for preventing reading difficulties (Park, Chaparro, Preciado, & Cummings, 2015). Moreover, early phonological processing skills scaffold later reading skills, with better early reading ability reducing the cognitive effort required for phonemic access (Wang, Pines, Joanisse, & Booth, 2021).
Longitudinal studies have shown that early language and pre-literacy skills are strong predictors of reading as far as PISA reading measurements (Eklund et al., 2018). Serbia shows stable below average PISA results in reading during the past 20 years, since its first participation (OECD, 2003-2023). Despite the one-to-one grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences, formal reading acquisition in Serbia doesn’t begin until first-grade elementary school, where most children are 6-7 years old. This study is part of a Ph.D. thesis that focuses on exploring phoneme awareness skills in preschoolers in Serbia to understand whether this benchmark requires revision and potential shifting of reading instruction onset to preschool in order to boost reading proficiency of Serbian children. Another aim of this study is to establish critical periods when preschool children, based on their phoneme awareness and synthesis development, would be capable of engaging in reading instructions.
This study focuses on exploring phonemic analysis and synthesis tasks in preschool, pre-reading children in a shallow orthography (Serbian) to determine the dynamics of its development in children aged 3.5 to 6.5 years (N = 250, 48% girls). Children were recruited from four private kindergartens in Belgrade. For phoneme awareness tasks, phoneme segmentation tasks were constructed due to being the strongest predictors of reading skills. Since at the time of data collection there were no official phoneme awareness instruments in Serbian language, we constructed five parallel forms that consisted of two groups of tasks - phoneme analysis and phoneme synthesis tasks. Each group consisted of 4 tasks (5 items per task), resulting in 40 items per form. Testing was performed by three examiners. For each item, the examiner would note if the child responded correctly (1) or incorrectly (0). Four typical phonemic analysis tasks were used - identifying the first, last, second, and all phonemes in a word. Another four tasks were used to test phonemic synthesis - synthesizing 3,4,5 and 6 phonemes. Five parallel forms were balanced and distributed equally (roughly N=50 per form), controlling for word length and familiarity. To balance word categories, three of the words in each task were nouns, one was a verb, and one was an adjective. For phonemic analysis tasks, the length of the words was varied so that each set had one word of 3 letters, one word of 4 letters, two words of 5 letters, and one word of 6 letters. The two words of 5 letters were never of the same word type (i.e. one would be a noun, while the other one would be either a verb or an adjective). All words had a CVCV or VCVC structure to control for phonological complexity. The internal consistency of this short-version phoneme segmentation test was high (Cronbach’s alpha = .96), as well as the reliability of phoneme analysis (Cronbach’s alpha = .92) and synthesis scales (Cronbach’s alpha = .94). There were no significant differences in correctness rates between forms neither in phoneme analysis tasks (p=.143), nor phoneme synthesis tasks (p=.578), so further analyses were conducted on all items together (100 items per scale) to improve statistical power.
Significant developmental differences were found in phonemic awareness abilities among pre-reading children. Success rates varied significantly between age groups, with the most substantial differences observed between the oldest (5.5-6.5) and youngest (3.5-4.5) groups. To understand the developmental curve of phoneme awareness in Serbian language, multiple binary logistic regressions were run in R using the glm function with age (in months) as the predictor and binary results of each task as criteria. Two different criteria (liberal and conservative) were used to establish at what age the shift from no phoneme awareness to developed phoneme awareness was most likely to happen. The liberal criteria treated total task scores 0-2 as no phoneme awareness, while scores 3-5 were treated as developed phoneme awareness, while the conservative criteria treated total scores 0-4 as no phoneme awareness, and only all correct answers (5) were treated as developed phoneme awareness. The 0.5 logistic curve flexion point was determined as the likelihood shift. According to the liberal criteria, the likelihood shift in phoneme analysis happens between 53 and 69 months, while for phoneme synthesis this shift happens later, between 65 and 74 months. The conservative criteria shift the likelihood in both phoneme analysis and synthesis a couple of months later, ranging between 58 and 72 months and 69 and 78 months for phoneme analysis and synthesis, respectively. When both criteria are taken together, the likelihood shift in phoneme awareness development happens between 4.4 and 6.5 years. These results show for the first time that phoneme awareness in preschool children, whose native language is Serbian, may be well developed up to 1.5 years earlier than the official start of reading instructions in Serbia. Implications from these results can have a significant impact on the future of preschool literacy in Serbia and across the Balkans.ECER Conference - 09 - 12 September 2025 - European Conference on Educational Research, Belgrad
Šta mogu pedagozi na putu ka pravednoj nastavi i pravednom obrazovanju
No full textPolazeći od šest različitih shvatanja pravednog obrazovanja, cilj ovog rada je bio da istražimo koje su njihove implikacije za rad pedagoga i koje konkretne aktivnosti pedagog može preduzeti. Kroz konsenzus između dva istraživača, došli smo do spiska implikacija i aktivnosti, koje smo podelili na aktivnosti koje se odnose na nastavu i aktivnosti koje se odnose na druge oblasti delovanja školskog pedagoga. Ovaj spisak ne vidimo kao recept koji treba pratiti, već samo kao idejnu iskru koja može poslužiti za preispitivanje razumevanja pravednog obrazovanja i osmišljavanje konkretnih akcija. Razumevajući ograničenja, ali i verujući u prostore za autonomiju, ukazujemo na važnost zauzimanja kritičkog odnosa prema društvenim nepravednostima i aktivističkom delovanju ka pravednijem društvu.Susreti pedagoga "Očekivanja (od) pedagoga" Nacionalni naučni skup 28. novembar 2025, Beograd - Saopštenje štampano u celin
(Ne)vidljivi autori i realizatori programa stručnog usavršavanja
No full textU ovom radu biće predstavljeni rezultati istraživanja čiji je cilj bila analiza akreditovanih programa stručnog
usavršavanja u oblasti inkluzivnog obrazovanja, njihovu kategorizaciju, kao i grupisanje autora i realizatora programa prema unapred definisanim kriterijumima. U istraživanju je primenjena kvantitativna analiza sadržaja,
a predmet analize je Katalog stručnog usavršavanja za školsku 2022/23, 2023/24 i 2024/25 godinu. Za potrebe
istraživanja kreiran je Protokol za analizu Kataloga. Rezultati istraživanja nam ukazuju da su autori i realizatori
programa stručnog usavršavanja većinski univerzitetski profesori (N=31), nastavnici predmetne nastave (N=30)
i pedagozi (N=30). Istovremeno, nalazi nam ukazuju na netransparentnost informacija koje nastavnicima mogu
biti značajne za planiranje stručnog usavršavanja. U zaključnim razmatranjima pozivamo se na značaj veće
vidljivosti podataka o autorima i realizatorima programa, kao i na moguće pravce daljih istraživanja u cilju
kreiranja kvalitetnijih i studioznijih programa stručnog usavršavanjaSusreti pedagoga "Očekivanja (od) pedagoga" Nacionalni naučni skup 28. novembar 2025, Beograd - Saopštenje štampano u celin
Building replicable method for analyzing lithic variability: a revision of Tostevin's approach
No full textThe main approaches for investigating variability in stone artifacts are typological
and technological. Technological approaches focused on understanding the entire
knapping process dominate contemporary studies. One downside of standard tech
nological approaches is the lack of standardization in reporting, leading to a lack
of comparability. Moreover, multiple technological choices are frequently lumped
under a single term, so that the underlying complexity is largely ignored and com
parisons remain mostly descriptive and vague. For this reason, Gilbert Tostevin
devised an approach that combines technological insights with statistical analyses,
which makes it suitable for more formal comparisons between assemblages. In this
study, we tried to improve several aspects of the approach, namely validity, sensitiv
ity, interpretability of results, applicability, and replicability. We illustrate the utility
of the approach by applying it to available data on the Middle to Upper Paleolithic
transition. We argue that the revised version of Tostevin’s approach can be useful as
a replicable method for exploring and explaining lithic variability
Međunarodno obrazovanje u Srbiji: šanse i izazovi
No full textThe paper focuses on analyzing the importance of international education as a key factor in social development, with special attention to the challenges faced by individuals, policymakers, and universities. Through historical context, publicly available data, and empirical research, the paper emphasizes that international education is fundamentally essential for the continuous development of states. According to data from the World Trade Organization, countries that promote research and international mobility of the academic community are leaders in international trade, capital flow, and foreign direct investment. In the case of Serbia, there is awareness of the benefits of attracting academics from abroad, but problems in coordination and creating better conditions for their integration are becoming apparent. However, the collected data also show that Serbian students abroad face similar challenges. In conclusion, the paper offers recommendations for the development of public policies regarding international students in Serbia.Rad se fokusira na analizu značaja međunarodnog obrazovanja kao
ključnog faktora društvenog razvoja, sa posebnim osvrtom na izazove sa kojima
se suočavaju pojedinci, donosioci odluka i univerziteti. Kroz istorijski kontekst,
javno dostupne podatke i empirijska istraživanja rad ukazuje na to da je međunarodno obrazovanje suštinski važno za kontinuirani razvoj država. Prema podacima Svetske trgovinske organizacije, zemlje koje podstiču istraživanja kao i međunarodnu mobilnost akademske zajednice predstavljaju lidere u međunarodnoj trgovini, protoku kapitala i stranim direktnim investicijama. Što se tiče Srbije,
postoji svest o koristi od privlačenja akademaca iz sveta, ali se nazire problem
koordinacije i stvaranja boljih uslova za njihovu integraciju. Međutim, prikupljeni
podaci pokazuju da se sa istim problemima suočavaju i naši student u inostranstvu. U zaključku se navode preporuke za kreiranje javnih politika koje se odnose
na međunarodne studente u Srbiji.International Scientific Conference "New Divisions, Struggles and Solidarities in South East Europe", 13.06.2025.-14.06.2025., Beograd - Saopštenje štampano u celin
A new approach to quantifying vessel shapes from profile drawings
No full textThe classification of ceramic vessels into types has always been one of the central concerns of archaeological research. Historically, this practice has been associated with culture-historical archaeology, but contemporary approaches likewise require the classification of pottery as a preliminary analytical step for tracing cultural patterns across space and time. Traditional methods relied on visual inspection and manual sorting, whereas modern archaeology demands more objective techniques capable of handling large datasets and automating the process. Geometric morphometrics combined with numerical taxonomy has emerged as a standard approach in contemporary pottery analysis. However, numerous methods exist for quantifying vessel shape and for classifying pottery. In this paper, I present preliminary results from a new approach to quantifying vessel shapes based on profile drawings. These results tentatively indicate that this method may outperform more conventional quantitative techniques when the goal is to group vessels with similar profile syntax.13th International Scientific Conference Methodology & Archaeometry, Zagreb, 27th ‒28th November 2025 - Abstrac
Пол и погребна пракса код деце средњег бронзаног доба: некропола у Остојићеву (1650–1550. г. п. н. е.)
No full textТоком бронзаног доба на тлу Европе одвијају се важни процеси по-
пут појаве друштвене стратификације и диференцирања родних улога
које се очитују у погребној пракси код одраслих. До недавно није било
познато да ли су различити полно условљени погребни ритуали укљу-
чивали и децу. Анализа сахрана одраслих индивидуа на некрополи у
Остојићеву (1650–1550. г. п. н. е.) код којих је пол било могуће утврдити
стандардном антрополошком анализом показала је да се оријентација
приликом сахрањивања разликовала код мушкараца и жена. Питање на
које ћемо одговорити на примеру средњебронзанодобне некрополе у
Остојићеву је да ли су се погребне норме практиковане код мушкарца
и жена примењивале на истоветан начин и код дечијих индивидуа и од
ког узраста. Код деце из хоризонта средњег бронзаног доба до 7 година
старости уочена је погребна пракса која је подразумевала сахрањивање
у керамичким реципијентима у различитим оријентацијама. Како је за
дечаке и девојчице у керамичким посудама резервисан овај посебан
фунерарни третман, намеће се питање да ли је ово једина особеност у
погребној пракси и да ли се и на њима примењују полно условљене ри-
туалне норме. Како би се одговорило на ова питања утврђена је старост
деце и оријентација тела приликом сахране на узорку од 54 дечије ин-
дивидуе познатог пола. Биолошки пол субадулта је утврђен анализом
полно специфичних пептида из зубног енамела.Српско археолошко друштво, Музеј Херцеговине 48. Скупштина и годишњи скуп Требиње, 29 – 31. мај 2025. године - Саопштење штампано у извод
Live-born and stillborn children in the Middle Bronze Age horizon at the Ostojićevo necropolis (1650-1500 BCE))
No full textAn important question that this study seeks to address is how society during the Middle Bronze Age treated newborn children. To explore this, we analyzed child burials from the Ostojićevo necropolis (1650-1500 BCE) in northern Banat, Serbia, where 103 children, aged up to 7 years, were laid to rest in ceramic vessels. This practice represents a distinctive burial tradition, unparalleled in scale during this period in the region. We investigate whether stillborn children, like their live-born counterparts, were interred within the necropolis and subjected to similar burial practices. In order to ascertain whether the neonates were stillborn or born alive, we conducted
an analysis of the neonatal line, followed by an examination of various aspects of mortuary practices. The neonatal line (NNL) is typically the first discernible incremental line on dental enamel, and its presence reflects the infant’s exposure to the physiological stress associated with birth. As such, it serves as a reliable indicator for confirming that the neonate was born alive. The material analyzed consisted of longitudinally ground sections of 15 deciduous maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines from individuals in the perinatal and neonatal
stages up to 1 year of age. Potential variations in burial practices between stillborn and live-born individuals were investigated through the analysis of burial orientation, the size and depth of the burial pit, the dimensions, type, and decoration of burial containers, grave offerings, and spatial distribution within the necropolis.The 31th European Association of Archaeologists Annual Meeting (Interwined pasts), Belgrade Virtual, 2-6 September 2025 - Saopštenje štampano u izvod
Termini Artistici Italiani Nel Dictionary of the English Language (1755) Di Samuel Johnson: Il Processo di Determinologizzazione
No full textThe influence of Italian art terminology, which persists across mostEuropean languages today, began to permeate English in the sixteenth century.Terms such as intaglio, stucco and portico, borrowed from the rich Italian artistictradition, have enriched the English lexicon. However, a closer examination of theliterary citations Samuel Johnson utilized to elucidate these terms may reveala subtle transformation in their meanings. Some have undergone the process ofdeterminologization, wherein their original specialized meanings have becomeless precise, blurred, or more ambiguous. This paper aims to identify and analyzesuch terms in Johnson’s Dictionary in order to establish whether the process ofdeterminologization has taken place. The results of the analysis suggest thatby the eighteenth century, when Johnson was compiling his dictionary, someof these terms were already perceived as lexical units belonging not only tospecific disciplinary domains but also to the elevated register of the generalEnglish language. This transfer is particularly evident in the realms of art andarchitecture, which have long fascinated not only experts but also laypeople,fostering a desire for a deeper understanding and appreciation of humancreativity and its achievementsL’influenza della terminologia artistica italiana, che persiste oggi nella maggior
parte delle lingue europee, ha cominciato a permeare l’inglese nel sedicesimo
secolo. Termini come intaglio, stucco e portico, presi in prestito dalla ricca tradizione
artistica italiana, hanno arricchito il lessico inglese. Tuttavia, un’analisi più
approfondita delle citazioni letterarie utilizzate da Samuel Johnson per illustrare
questi termini potrebbe rivelare una sottile trasformazione nei loro significati. Alcuni
di questi termini hanno subito un processo di determinologizzazione, in cui i loro
significati originali, specializzati, sono diventati meno precisi, sfocati o più ambigui.
Questo articolo si propone di identificare e analizzare tali termini nel dizionario
di Johnson per stabilire se il processo di determinologizzazione sia avvenuto. I
risultati preliminari dell’analisi suggeriscono che, nel diciottesimo secolo, quando
Johnson compilò il suo dizionario, alcuni di questi termini fossero già percepiti come
unità lessicali appartenenti non solo a domini disciplinari specifici, ma anche al
registro elevato della lingua inglese. Questa transizione è particolarmente evidente
nei settori dell’arte e dell’architettura, che da lungo tempo affascinano non solo gli
esperti, ma anche i laici, suscitando il desiderio di una comprensione più profonda e
di un apprezzamento della creatività umana e delle sue realizzazioni.6. međunarodna konferencija o jeziku struke Jezik struke: pristupi i strategije, 26-27. septembar 2024., Beograd - Saopštenje štampano u celin